BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 98 - 110, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.009

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Aziz, E. A., Hamza, R. T., Youssef, A. M., & Mohammed, F. M. (2014). Health related quality of life and psychological problems in Egyptian children with simple obesity in relation to body mass index. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 15(2), 149-154. doi:10.1016/j.epag.2016.05.001
  • Abdollahi, A., Abu Talib, M., Reza Vakili Mobarakeh, M., Momtaz, V., & Kavian Mobarake, R. (2016). Body- esteem mediates the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety: The moderating roles of weight and gender. Child Care in Practice, 22(3), 296-308. doi:10.1080/13575279.2015.1054787
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Publisher.
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  • Antony, M. M., & Rowa, K. (2008). Social anxiety disorder: Psychological approaches to assessment and treatment. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
  • Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P., Naumova, E. N., & Must, A. (2006). Association of depression and anxiety disorders with weight change in a prospective community-based study of children followed up into adulthood. doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.3.285 of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160(3), 285-291.
  • Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P., Naumova, E. N., Jacques, P. F., & Must, A. (2007). Adolescent obesity and risk for subsequent major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder: Prospective evidence. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(8), 740-747. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815580b4
  • Ashdown-Franks, G., Sabiston, M. C., Solomon-Krakus, S., & O’Loughlin, L. J. (2017). Sport participation in high school and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 12, 19-24. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.12.001
  • Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, I. M. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
  • Ayan, V., & Kavi, N. (2016). The study of the somatotypes and the horizontal jump performance characteristics of the female swimmers aged between 8 and 14. International Journal of Science and Sport, 4(Special issue 4), 23-29. doi:10.14486/IntJSCS510
  • Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H., & Petry, N. M. (2008). Gender differences in associations between body mass index and DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Annals of Epidemiology, 18(6), 458-466. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.009
  • Becker, E. S., Margraf, J., Türke, V., Soeder, U., & Neumer, S. (2001). Obesity and mental illness in a representative sample of young women. International Journal of Obesity, 25(S1), 5-9. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801688
  • Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & American Psychological Association (APA) (2007). Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Ghandour, R. M., Blumberg, S. J., Visser, S. N., Perou, R., & Walkup, J. T. (2018). Epidemiology and impact of health care provider–diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571 of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(5), 395–403.
  • Bostancı, Ö, Ateş, A, Yılmaz A. K., & Kabadayı, M. (2017). 12–13 yaş yüzücülerin cinsiyetlerine göre antropometrik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 12-21.
  • Cavala, M., Trninic, V., Jasic, D., & Tomljanovic, M. (2013). The influence of somatotype components and personality traits on the playing position and the quality of top Croatian female cadet handball players. Collegium Antropologicum, 37(2), 97-100.
  • Carter, J. L., & Heath, B. H. (1990). Somatotyping: Development and applications. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Catell, P., & Metzner, R. (1993). Associations among somatotype, temperament and self-actualization. Psychological Reports, 72(3_suppl), 1165-1166. doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3c.1165
  • Chase, N. L., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Comparison of the health aspects of swimming with other types of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle habits. International Journal of Aquatic Research & Education, 2(2), 151-161. doi:10.25035/ijare.02.02.07
  • Craft, L. L., & Perna, F. M. (2004). The benefits of exercise for the clinically depressed. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 6(3), 104-111. doi:10.4088/pcc.v06n0301
  • Crisp, A. H., & McGuiness, B. (1976). Jolly fat: relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population. British Medical Journal, 1(6000), 7-9. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.7
  • Crozier, M., Gillihan, S. J., & Powers, M. B. (2011). Issues in differential diagnosis: Phobias and phobic conditions. In D. McKay & E. A. Storch (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent anxiety disorders (pp. 7- 22). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Cooper, P. J. (2014). Assessment and management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99(7), 674-678. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303768
  • Dassanayake, T. D. M. S. B., Rajarathna, S., & Rajarathna, A. A. J. (2016). Comparison of BMI and body fat percentages between national level teenage swimmers and controls. Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control, 4(6), 148-152. doi:10.15406/aowmc.2016.04.00109
  • Deabler, H. L., Hartl, E. M., & Willis, C. A. (1973). Physique and personality: Somatotype and the 16 PF. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 36(3), 927-933. doi:10.2466/pms.1973.36.3.927
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  • Dimech, A. S., & Seiler, R. (2010). The association between extra-curricular sport participation and social anxiety symptoms in children. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(3), 191-203. doi:10.1123/jcsp.4.3.191
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The Determinants of Social Anxiety in Lower Secondary Education Student Athletes: A Case of Competitive Swimming Environment

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 98 - 110, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.009

Öz

Social anxiety disorder is a common psychological problem that may negatively impact the cognitive and social development of children. Its severity may, however, be reduced through regular participation in sports or other physical activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between competitive student-athlete swimmers' social anxiety levels and anthropometric measurements height, weight, and BMI , body composition body fat and lean body mass , and body type ectomorph, endomorph, or mesomorph . The participants were pre-adolescent female n = 160 and male n = 146 lower secondary education student-athlete swimmers. The Social Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate their social anxiety levels, while the anthropometric parameters included height and weight, from which BMI was calculated. Body composition involved determining the percentage of body fat and lean body mass; ectomorphic, endomorphic, and mesomorphic values were then calculated. We found that the social anxiety levels of both female and male student-athlete swimmers were low. There was no statistically significant relationship between the social anxiety levels of the male and female student-athlete swimmers with BMI rs = -.002 , lean body mass rs = -.017 , or ectomorphy rs = -.006 p > .05 for all . For the female swimmers, social anxiety levels were not associated with body fat rs = .116 , endomorphy rs = .067 , or mesomorphy rs = .032 , nor were those of the male student-athlete swimmers rs = .005, rs= .065, and rs= -.001, respectively p > .05 for all . These findings suggest that participation in competitive swimming during adolescence is effective in controlling social anxiety. Furthermore, this study revealed that social anxiety is not associated with lower secondary education student-athlete swimmers’ anthropometric measurements, body composition, or body type.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Aziz, E. A., Hamza, R. T., Youssef, A. M., & Mohammed, F. M. (2014). Health related quality of life and psychological problems in Egyptian children with simple obesity in relation to body mass index. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 15(2), 149-154. doi:10.1016/j.epag.2016.05.001
  • Abdollahi, A., Abu Talib, M., Reza Vakili Mobarakeh, M., Momtaz, V., & Kavian Mobarake, R. (2016). Body- esteem mediates the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety: The moderating roles of weight and gender. Child Care in Practice, 22(3), 296-308. doi:10.1080/13575279.2015.1054787
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Publisher.
  • Antony, M., & Swinson, R. (2008). The shyness and social anxiety workbook: Proven, step-by-step techniques for overcoming your fear. New Harbinger Publications.
  • Antony, M. M., & Rowa, K. (2008). Social anxiety disorder: Psychological approaches to assessment and treatment. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
  • Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P., Naumova, E. N., & Must, A. (2006). Association of depression and anxiety disorders with weight change in a prospective community-based study of children followed up into adulthood. doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.3.285 of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160(3), 285-291.
  • Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P., Naumova, E. N., Jacques, P. F., & Must, A. (2007). Adolescent obesity and risk for subsequent major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder: Prospective evidence. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(8), 740-747. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815580b4
  • Ashdown-Franks, G., Sabiston, M. C., Solomon-Krakus, S., & O’Loughlin, L. J. (2017). Sport participation in high school and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 12, 19-24. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.12.001
  • Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, I. M. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
  • Ayan, V., & Kavi, N. (2016). The study of the somatotypes and the horizontal jump performance characteristics of the female swimmers aged between 8 and 14. International Journal of Science and Sport, 4(Special issue 4), 23-29. doi:10.14486/IntJSCS510
  • Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H., & Petry, N. M. (2008). Gender differences in associations between body mass index and DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Annals of Epidemiology, 18(6), 458-466. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.009
  • Becker, E. S., Margraf, J., Türke, V., Soeder, U., & Neumer, S. (2001). Obesity and mental illness in a representative sample of young women. International Journal of Obesity, 25(S1), 5-9. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801688
  • Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & American Psychological Association (APA) (2007). Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Ghandour, R. M., Blumberg, S. J., Visser, S. N., Perou, R., & Walkup, J. T. (2018). Epidemiology and impact of health care provider–diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571 of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(5), 395–403.
  • Bostancı, Ö, Ateş, A, Yılmaz A. K., & Kabadayı, M. (2017). 12–13 yaş yüzücülerin cinsiyetlerine göre antropometrik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 12-21.
  • Cavala, M., Trninic, V., Jasic, D., & Tomljanovic, M. (2013). The influence of somatotype components and personality traits on the playing position and the quality of top Croatian female cadet handball players. Collegium Antropologicum, 37(2), 97-100.
  • Carter, J. L., & Heath, B. H. (1990). Somatotyping: Development and applications. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Catell, P., & Metzner, R. (1993). Associations among somatotype, temperament and self-actualization. Psychological Reports, 72(3_suppl), 1165-1166. doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3c.1165
  • Chase, N. L., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Comparison of the health aspects of swimming with other types of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle habits. International Journal of Aquatic Research & Education, 2(2), 151-161. doi:10.25035/ijare.02.02.07
  • Craft, L. L., & Perna, F. M. (2004). The benefits of exercise for the clinically depressed. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 6(3), 104-111. doi:10.4088/pcc.v06n0301
  • Crisp, A. H., & McGuiness, B. (1976). Jolly fat: relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population. British Medical Journal, 1(6000), 7-9. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.7
  • Crozier, M., Gillihan, S. J., & Powers, M. B. (2011). Issues in differential diagnosis: Phobias and phobic conditions. In D. McKay & E. A. Storch (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent anxiety disorders (pp. 7- 22). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Cooper, P. J. (2014). Assessment and management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99(7), 674-678. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303768
  • Dassanayake, T. D. M. S. B., Rajarathna, S., & Rajarathna, A. A. J. (2016). Comparison of BMI and body fat percentages between national level teenage swimmers and controls. Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control, 4(6), 148-152. doi:10.15406/aowmc.2016.04.00109
  • Deabler, H. L., Hartl, E. M., & Willis, C. A. (1973). Physique and personality: Somatotype and the 16 PF. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 36(3), 927-933. doi:10.2466/pms.1973.36.3.927
  • Demir, T., Eralp-Demir, D., Türksoy, N., Özmen, E., & Uysal, Ö. (2000). Çocuklar için sosyal anksiyete ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Düşünen Adam, 13(1), 42-48.
  • Dimech, A. S., & Seiler, R. (2010). The association between extra-curricular sport participation and social anxiety symptoms in children. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(3), 191-203. doi:10.1123/jcsp.4.3.191
  • Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011). Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 180(2), 319-325. doi:10.1007/s11845-010-0633-9
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  • Fieldsend, J. R. (1980). The interrelationship of physical fitness, somatotype, body cathexis and personality in a group of white schoolboys (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Rhodes University, South Africa.
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  • Guedes, E. P., Madeira, E., Mafort, T. T., Madeira, M., Moreira, R. O., Mendonça, L. M., ... & Farias, M. L. F. (2013). Body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in overweight and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 5(1), 82. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-82
  • Hashempour, S., Mansor, M., Juhari, R., Arshat, Z. B., & Saidu, M. B. (2017). Gender and age differences in social anxiety among Iranian immigrants children in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(4), 85-89.
  • Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Turk, C. L. (2010). Managing social anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach (workbook). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Jewett, R., Sabiston, C. M., Brunet, J., O'Loughlin, E. K., Scarapicchia, T., & O'Loughlin, J. (2014). School sport participation during adolescence and mental health in early adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 640-644. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.04.018
  • Kellett, J., Marzillier, J. S., & Lambert, C. (1981). Social skills and somatotype. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 54(2), 149–155. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01444.x
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and ageof onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  • Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity andcomorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity SurveyReplication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
  • Khalid-Khan, S., Santibanez, M. P., McMicken, C., & Rynn, M. A. (2007). Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatric Drugs, 9(4), 227-237. doi:10.2165/00148581-200709040-00004
  • Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shephard, R., & Siefen. G. (2002). The relationship between physical activity and self–image and problem behavior among adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 544-550. doi:10.1007/s00127-002-0554-7
  • Kivimaki, M., Lawlor, D. A., Singh-Manoux, A., Batty, G. D., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., ... & Jokela, M. (2009). Common mental disorder and obesity: Insight from four repeat measures over 19 years: Prospective Whitehall II cohort study. British Medical Journal, 339, b3765. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3765
  • La Greca, A. M., & Ranta, K. (2015.) Developmental transitions in adolescence and their implications for social anxiety. In K. Ranta, K., A. M. La Greca, M. Marttunen, & L. J. Garcia-Lopez (Eds.), Social anxiety and social phobia in adolescents: Development, manifestation, and treatment strategies (pp. 95-117). New York, NY: Springer
  • La Greca, A. M., Dandes, S. K., Wick, P., Shaw, K., & Stone, W. L. (1988). Development of the Social Anxiety Scale for Children: Reliability and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 84–91. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1701_11
  • La Greca, A. M., & Stone, W. L. (1993). Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(1), 17-27. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2201_2
  • Lamertz, C. M., Jacobi, C., Yassouridis, A., Arnold, K., & Henkel, A. W. (2002). Are obese adolescents and young adults at higher risk for mental disorders? A community survey. Obesity Research, 10(11), 1152- 1160. doi:10.1038/oby.2002.156
  • Lee, B. A., & Oh, D. J. (2013). The effects of health perception on living health belief, living satisfaction and wellbeing-oriented activities according to swimming participation with middle-aged women. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 9(3), 381-388. doi:10.12965/jer.130047
  • Lyneham, H. J., Street, A. K., Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2008). Psychometric properties of the school anxiety scale—Teacher report (SAS-TR). doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.02.001 Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 292-300.
  • Martin, A. D., Spenst, L. F., Drinkwater, D. T., & Clarys J. P. (1990). Anthropometric estimation of muscle mass in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22, 729-733. doi:10.1249/00005768-199010000-00027
  • Martinez, S., Pasquarelli, B. N., Romaguera, D., Arasa, C., Tauler, P., & Aguilo, A. (2011). Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional profile of young amateur swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1126-1133. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d4d3df
  • MacKenzie, M. B., & Fowler, K. F. (2013). Social anxiety disorder in the Canadian population: Exploring gender differences in sociodemographic profile. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(4), 427-434. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.05.006
  • Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., ... & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980-989.
  • Pharr, J., Irwin, C., Layne, T., & Irwin, R. (2018). Predictors of swimming ability among children and adolescents in the United States. Sports (Basel), 6(1), 17. doi:10.3390/sports6010017
  • Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (PAGAC). (2008). Physical activity guidelines advisory committee report. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008, A1–H14. Retrieved from https://health.gov/paguidelines/2008/report/pdf/committeereport.pdf
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  • Sheldon, W. H. (1942). The varieties of temperament; A psychology of constitutional differences. Oxford, England: Harper.
  • Sheldon, W. H., Dupertuis, C. W., & McDermott, E. (1970). Atlas of men: A guide for somatotyping the adult male at all ages. Macmillan Pub. Co.
  • Slaughter, M. (1970). An analysis of the relationship between somatotype and personality traits of college women. Research Quarterly, 41(4), 569-575. doi:10.1080/10671188.1970.10615017
  • Smith, A. L. (2003). Peer relationships in physical activity contexts: A road less traveled in youth sport and exercise psychology research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(1), 25-39. doi:10.1016/S1469- 0292(02)00015-8
  • Sonstroem, R. J. (1984). Exercise and self-esteem. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 12, 123-155.
  • Sonstroem, R. J. (1998). Physical self-concept: Assessment and external validity. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 26, 133-164.
  • Sonstroem, R. J., & Potts, S. A. (1996). Life adjustment correlates of physical self-concepts. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(5), 619-625. doi:10.1097/00005768-199605000-00014
  • Stein, M. B., Chavira, D. A., & Jang, K. L. (2001). Bringing up bashful baby: Developmental pathways to social phobia. Psychiatric Clinics, 24(4), 661-675. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70256-2
  • Tanner, J. M., Hiernaux, J., & Jarman, S., (1969). Growth and physique studies. In Weiner, J. S., & Lourie, J. A., (Eds.), In human biology: a guide to field methods. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (1995). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL, England: Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Weiner, J. S., & Lourie, J. A. (1969). In human biology: A guide to field methods, Edinburgh: Published for the International Biological Programme by Black well Scientific, Oxford.
  • Zeigler, E. F. (1948). Implications of the study of body types for physical education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education, 19(4), 241-297. doi:10.1080/23267240.1948.10625408
  • Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Dhingra, S., Li, C., Strine, T. W., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Depression and anxiety among US adults: Associations with body mass index. International Journal of Obesity, 33(2), 257-266. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.268
  • Zuniga, J., Housh, T. J., Mielke, M., Hendrix, C. R., Camic, C. L., Johnson, G. O., ... & Schmidt, R. J. (2011). Gender comparisons of anthropometric characteristics of young sprint swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 103-108. doi:10.1097/01.JSC.0000367244.85880.41
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Funda Coşkun Özyol Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Coşkun Özyol, F. (2020). The Determinants of Social Anxiety in Lower Secondary Education Student Athletes: A Case of Competitive Swimming Environment. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(2), 98-110. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.009