Araştırma Makalesi
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The Mediating Role of Organizational Hypocrisy in the Relationship Between Organizational Silence and Organizational Rumor: A Study on Educational Organizations

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1 - 13, 21.04.2021

Öz

Research on organizations operating in different fields has shown that organizational hypocrisy has negative impact on employees' organizational behaviors. In terms of educational organizations, the studies show that organizational hypocrisy has a negative relationship with organizational silence, organizational rumor, organizational happiness, organizational commitment etc. Thus, these situations suggest that organizational hypocrisy may have a mediating role between organizational silence and organizational rumor. Based on this thought this study aims to examine the mediating role of organizational hypocrisy in the relationship between organizational silence and organizational rumor in educational organizations. The study was conducted with a total of 323 teachers, 236 females (73%), and 87 males (27%). The data were collected by using the "Organizational Silence Scale", "Organizational Rumor Scale" and "Organizational Hypocrisy Scale." In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, path analysis, and bootstrapping method were used to test the significance of the mediating effect. The results of the study showed that there was a positive significant relationship between organizational silence, organizational hypocrisy, and organizational rumor. The bootstrapping results showed that organizational hypocrisy had a partial mediating role in the relationship between organizational silence and organizational rumor. It is considered that the results obtained can be used to reduce organizational rumor at schools. In addition, it can be said that the results obtained from the study will be a guide for future studies.

Kaynakça

  • Adu-Oppong, A. A., & Agyin-Birikorang, E. (2014). Communication in the workplace: Guidelines for improving effectiveness. Global Journal of Commerce & Management Perspective, 3(5), 208-213.
  • Agarwal, S., & Garg, A. (2012). The importance of communication within organizations: A research on two hotels in Uttarakhand. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(2), 40-49.
  • Alqarni, S. A. Y. (2020). How school climate predicts teachers organizational silence. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 12(1), 12-27.
  • Arabacı, B. İ., Sünkür, M., & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Teachers’ views regarding gossip and rumour mechanism: A qualitative study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 171-190.
  • Artaç, M. (2017). An application on nurses in Mersin province on the effect of gossip and rumor on business productivity. Master thesis. Çağ University, Institute of Social Sciences, Mersin.
  • Baron, A. R. & Greenberg, Jerald. (1990). Behaviour in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work (3rd ed.). Boston.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Beheshtifar, M., Borhani, H. & Moghadam, M. N. (2012). Destructive role of employee silence in organizational success. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), 275–282.
  • Bowen, F. & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393- 1417.
  • Boyer, P. & Parren, N. (2015). Threat-related information suggests competence: A possible factor in the spread of rumors. PLoS ONE. 10(6): e0128421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128421
  • Brown, M. & Napier, A. (2004). Knowledge transfer and rumour: Have we missed something?. In fifth European Conference on Organisational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities. Innsbruck, Austria.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press. New York.
  • Brunsson, N. (1989). The organization of hypocrisy: Talk, decisions and actions in organizations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2005). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı - istatistik, araştırma deseni, Spss uygulamaları ve yorum (15. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cha, S., & Edmondson, A. (2006). When values backfire: Leadership, attribution, and disenchantment in a values-driven organization. Leadership Quarterly, 17, 57-78.
  • Çakıcı, A. (2008). A research on issues, causes and perceptional results of silence at organizations. Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 18(1), 117-134.
  • Çavuş, M. F., Develi, A. & Sarıoğlu, G. S. (2015). Mobbing and organizational silence: A study on energy sector workers. Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 3(1), 10-20.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2016). Effect of organizational culture on organizational silence behavior. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 18(1), 115-146.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları (2. Bs.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Dağlı, A. & Han, B. (2018). Organizational rumor scale for educational institutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5), 936-946.
  • Demirtaş, Z., Özdemir, T. Y., & Küçük, Ö. (2016). Relationships between bureaucratic structure of schools, organizational silence and organizational cynicism. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 22(2), 193-216.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor Psychology: Social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association,Washington, DC.
  • DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P., & Rosnow, R. L. (1994). Reining in rumors. Organizational Dynamics, 23, 47-62.
  • Effron, D. A., Lucas, B. J., & O’Connor, K. (2015). Hypocrisy by association: When organizational membership increases condemnation for wrongdoing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 130, 147-159.
  • Eroğlu, A.H., O., Adıgüzel, O. & Öztürk, U.C. (2011). Dilemma of silence vortex and commitment: relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment. Süleyman Demirel University, Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 16(2), 97-124.
  • Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern Organizations. New York: Printice-Hall.
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (2007). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates Publishers.
  • Femandez-Revuelta, P. L., & Robson, K. (1999). Ritual legitimation, de-coupling and the budgetary process: Managing organizational hypocrisies in a multinational company. Management Accounting Research, 10, 383-407.
  • Fine, G. A. & Ellis, B. (2010). The global grapevine: Why rumors of terrorism, ımmigration, and trade matter. Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Greenbaum, R. L., Mawritz, M. B., & Piccolo, R. F. (2015). When leaders fail to “walk the talk” supervisor undermining and perceptions of leader hypocrisy. Journal of Management, 41(3), 929-956.
  • Guirdham, M. (2015). Work communication: Mediated and face-to-face practices. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gurvitch, G. (2017). Social structure and the multiplicity of times. In Sociological theory, values, and sociocultural change (pp. 171-184). Routledge.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalı Analizler. Seçin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Han, B. (2019). Examination of rumors and gossip in schools as an informal form of communication according to teachers' views. PhD Thesis, Dicle University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Diyarbakır.
  • Hargie, O. (2016) The importance of communication for organisational effectiveness. In Lobo, F. (ed.) Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações. Braga, Portugal: Axioma. pp. 15-32.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Helvacı, M. A. & Çetin, A. (2012). Determination of organizational cynicism levels of teachers working in primary schools (Uşak province example). Turkish Studies, 7(3), 1475-1497.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Huo, L. A. & Ma, C. (2017). Dynamical analysis of rumor spreading model with impulse vaccination and time delay. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 471, 653-665.
  • Ince, M., & Gül, H. (2011). The role of the organizational communication on employees’ perception of justice: A sample of public institution from Turkey. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1), 106-124.
  • Kahveci, G. (2010). Relationships between organizational silence and organizational commitment in primary schools. Master's thesis, Fırat University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Elazığ.
  • Kahveci, G. & Demirtaş, Z. (2013). School Administrator and Teachers’ Perceptions of Organizational Silence. Education and Science, 38(167) 50-64.
  • Kahveci, G., Kandemir, İ. K., & Bayram, S. (2019). Examining the relationship between teachers' organizational hypocrisy and their perceptions of organizational justice. Elementary Education Online, 18(2).
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kapferer, J. N. (1992). Dünyanın en eski medyası, dedikodu & söylenti (Trans.: Işın Gürbüz). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Karabağ-Köse, E. (2014). Relationships between teachers' organizational commitment and organizational silence in disadvantaged schools. International Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 2, 28-36.
  • Karagül-Kandemir, İ. & Kahveci, G. (2020). Examination of the relationship between the perceptions of organizational hypocrisy and organizational commitment behaviors of primary and secondary school teachers. Turkish Studies - Education, 15(2), 963-981. https://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.38898
  • Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2015). Are the discourse and actions in schools consistent with each other? Examining the relationship between organizational hypocrisy and organizational justice. 10. Education Management Congress, 7-9 May 2015 (p.349-350), Gaziantep: Gaziantep University.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017). Examining the context of Turkey's hypocrisy and organizational integrity: A theoretical analysis.. Educational Administration – Theory and Practice, 23(3), 465-504. doi: 10.14527/kuey.2017.016
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., & Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D. (2019). Understanding organizational hypocrisy in schools: the relationships between organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-33.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D. & Karadağ, E. (2019). Do schools fail to “walk their talk”? Development and validation of a scale measuring organizational hypocrisy. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(1), 52-82.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D., & Hammersley-Fletcher, L. (2019). Leading Turkish schools: A study of the causes and consequences of organisational hypocrisy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 745-761.
  • Kimmel, A. J. (2004). Rumors and rumor control. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Konan, N., & Taşdemir, A. (2019). The relationship between teachers' perceptions of organizational hypocrisy and their perception of happiness levels. Scientific Educational Studies, 3(2), 132-152.
  • Marcoulides, G. & Schumacher, R. (2001). New Developments and Technıques in Structural Equatıon Modeling. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates, Publıshers.
  • Mayhew, M. J., Grunwald, H. E., & Dey, E. L. (2006). Breaking the silence: Achieving a positive campus climate for diversity from the staff perspective. Research in Higher Education, 47(1), 63-88.
  • Milliken, F. J., & Morrison, E. W. (2003). Shades of silence: Emerging themes and future directions for research on silence in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1564-1568.
  • Milliken, F. J., E. W. Morrison & P. F.Hewlin, (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(3), 1453-1476.
  • Morrison, E.W. & Milliken, F.J. (2000). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
  • Ngozi, N. V., Okeke-James, J. N., & Igbokwe, I. C. (2021). Organizational silence and school climate as correlates of secondary schools teachers’ job performance in Anambra state, Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 6(1), 50-54.
  • Okeke-James, N. J., Igbokwe, I. C., Anyanwu, A. N., & Obineme, O. P. (2020). Gender influence on school climate and organizational silence amongst teachers in Anambra State. European Scientific Journal, 16(10), 223-237.
  • Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. Ligare, Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
  • Perlow, L. A., S. Williams, (2003). Is silence killing your company. Harward Business Review, (May), 3-8.
  • Phillippe, T. W., & Koehler, J. W. (2005). A factor analytical study of perceived organizational hypocrisy. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(2), 13-20.
  • Pinder C.C. & Harlos K.P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1 - 13, 21.04.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adu-Oppong, A. A., & Agyin-Birikorang, E. (2014). Communication in the workplace: Guidelines for improving effectiveness. Global Journal of Commerce & Management Perspective, 3(5), 208-213.
  • Agarwal, S., & Garg, A. (2012). The importance of communication within organizations: A research on two hotels in Uttarakhand. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(2), 40-49.
  • Alqarni, S. A. Y. (2020). How school climate predicts teachers organizational silence. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 12(1), 12-27.
  • Arabacı, B. İ., Sünkür, M., & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Teachers’ views regarding gossip and rumour mechanism: A qualitative study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 171-190.
  • Artaç, M. (2017). An application on nurses in Mersin province on the effect of gossip and rumor on business productivity. Master thesis. Çağ University, Institute of Social Sciences, Mersin.
  • Baron, A. R. & Greenberg, Jerald. (1990). Behaviour in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work (3rd ed.). Boston.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Beheshtifar, M., Borhani, H. & Moghadam, M. N. (2012). Destructive role of employee silence in organizational success. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), 275–282.
  • Bowen, F. & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393- 1417.
  • Boyer, P. & Parren, N. (2015). Threat-related information suggests competence: A possible factor in the spread of rumors. PLoS ONE. 10(6): e0128421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128421
  • Brown, M. & Napier, A. (2004). Knowledge transfer and rumour: Have we missed something?. In fifth European Conference on Organisational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities. Innsbruck, Austria.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press. New York.
  • Brunsson, N. (1989). The organization of hypocrisy: Talk, decisions and actions in organizations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2005). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı - istatistik, araştırma deseni, Spss uygulamaları ve yorum (15. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cha, S., & Edmondson, A. (2006). When values backfire: Leadership, attribution, and disenchantment in a values-driven organization. Leadership Quarterly, 17, 57-78.
  • Çakıcı, A. (2008). A research on issues, causes and perceptional results of silence at organizations. Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 18(1), 117-134.
  • Çavuş, M. F., Develi, A. & Sarıoğlu, G. S. (2015). Mobbing and organizational silence: A study on energy sector workers. Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 3(1), 10-20.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2016). Effect of organizational culture on organizational silence behavior. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 18(1), 115-146.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları (2. Bs.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Dağlı, A. & Han, B. (2018). Organizational rumor scale for educational institutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5), 936-946.
  • Demirtaş, Z., Özdemir, T. Y., & Küçük, Ö. (2016). Relationships between bureaucratic structure of schools, organizational silence and organizational cynicism. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 22(2), 193-216.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor Psychology: Social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association,Washington, DC.
  • DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P., & Rosnow, R. L. (1994). Reining in rumors. Organizational Dynamics, 23, 47-62.
  • Effron, D. A., Lucas, B. J., & O’Connor, K. (2015). Hypocrisy by association: When organizational membership increases condemnation for wrongdoing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 130, 147-159.
  • Eroğlu, A.H., O., Adıgüzel, O. & Öztürk, U.C. (2011). Dilemma of silence vortex and commitment: relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment. Süleyman Demirel University, Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 16(2), 97-124.
  • Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern Organizations. New York: Printice-Hall.
  • Fearn-Banks, K. (2007). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates Publishers.
  • Femandez-Revuelta, P. L., & Robson, K. (1999). Ritual legitimation, de-coupling and the budgetary process: Managing organizational hypocrisies in a multinational company. Management Accounting Research, 10, 383-407.
  • Fine, G. A. & Ellis, B. (2010). The global grapevine: Why rumors of terrorism, ımmigration, and trade matter. Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Greenbaum, R. L., Mawritz, M. B., & Piccolo, R. F. (2015). When leaders fail to “walk the talk” supervisor undermining and perceptions of leader hypocrisy. Journal of Management, 41(3), 929-956.
  • Guirdham, M. (2015). Work communication: Mediated and face-to-face practices. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gurvitch, G. (2017). Social structure and the multiplicity of times. In Sociological theory, values, and sociocultural change (pp. 171-184). Routledge.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalı Analizler. Seçin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Han, B. (2019). Examination of rumors and gossip in schools as an informal form of communication according to teachers' views. PhD Thesis, Dicle University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Diyarbakır.
  • Hargie, O. (2016) The importance of communication for organisational effectiveness. In Lobo, F. (ed.) Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações. Braga, Portugal: Axioma. pp. 15-32.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Helvacı, M. A. & Çetin, A. (2012). Determination of organizational cynicism levels of teachers working in primary schools (Uşak province example). Turkish Studies, 7(3), 1475-1497.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Huo, L. A. & Ma, C. (2017). Dynamical analysis of rumor spreading model with impulse vaccination and time delay. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 471, 653-665.
  • Ince, M., & Gül, H. (2011). The role of the organizational communication on employees’ perception of justice: A sample of public institution from Turkey. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1), 106-124.
  • Kahveci, G. (2010). Relationships between organizational silence and organizational commitment in primary schools. Master's thesis, Fırat University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Elazığ.
  • Kahveci, G. & Demirtaş, Z. (2013). School Administrator and Teachers’ Perceptions of Organizational Silence. Education and Science, 38(167) 50-64.
  • Kahveci, G., Kandemir, İ. K., & Bayram, S. (2019). Examining the relationship between teachers' organizational hypocrisy and their perceptions of organizational justice. Elementary Education Online, 18(2).
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kapferer, J. N. (1992). Dünyanın en eski medyası, dedikodu & söylenti (Trans.: Işın Gürbüz). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Karabağ-Köse, E. (2014). Relationships between teachers' organizational commitment and organizational silence in disadvantaged schools. International Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 2, 28-36.
  • Karagül-Kandemir, İ. & Kahveci, G. (2020). Examination of the relationship between the perceptions of organizational hypocrisy and organizational commitment behaviors of primary and secondary school teachers. Turkish Studies - Education, 15(2), 963-981. https://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.38898
  • Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2015). Are the discourse and actions in schools consistent with each other? Examining the relationship between organizational hypocrisy and organizational justice. 10. Education Management Congress, 7-9 May 2015 (p.349-350), Gaziantep: Gaziantep University.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G. (2017). Examining the context of Turkey's hypocrisy and organizational integrity: A theoretical analysis.. Educational Administration – Theory and Practice, 23(3), 465-504. doi: 10.14527/kuey.2017.016
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., & Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D. (2019). Understanding organizational hypocrisy in schools: the relationships between organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-33.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D. & Karadağ, E. (2019). Do schools fail to “walk their talk”? Development and validation of a scale measuring organizational hypocrisy. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(1), 52-82.
  • Kılıçoğlu, G., Yılmaz-Kılıçoğlu, D., & Hammersley-Fletcher, L. (2019). Leading Turkish schools: A study of the causes and consequences of organisational hypocrisy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 745-761.
  • Kimmel, A. J. (2004). Rumors and rumor control. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Konan, N., & Taşdemir, A. (2019). The relationship between teachers' perceptions of organizational hypocrisy and their perception of happiness levels. Scientific Educational Studies, 3(2), 132-152.
  • Marcoulides, G. & Schumacher, R. (2001). New Developments and Technıques in Structural Equatıon Modeling. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates, Publıshers.
  • Mayhew, M. J., Grunwald, H. E., & Dey, E. L. (2006). Breaking the silence: Achieving a positive campus climate for diversity from the staff perspective. Research in Higher Education, 47(1), 63-88.
  • Milliken, F. J., & Morrison, E. W. (2003). Shades of silence: Emerging themes and future directions for research on silence in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1564-1568.
  • Milliken, F. J., E. W. Morrison & P. F.Hewlin, (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(3), 1453-1476.
  • Morrison, E.W. & Milliken, F.J. (2000). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
  • Ngozi, N. V., Okeke-James, J. N., & Igbokwe, I. C. (2021). Organizational silence and school climate as correlates of secondary schools teachers’ job performance in Anambra state, Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 6(1), 50-54.
  • Okeke-James, N. J., Igbokwe, I. C., Anyanwu, A. N., & Obineme, O. P. (2020). Gender influence on school climate and organizational silence amongst teachers in Anambra State. European Scientific Journal, 16(10), 223-237.
  • Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. Ligare, Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
  • Perlow, L. A., S. Williams, (2003). Is silence killing your company. Harward Business Review, (May), 3-8.
  • Phillippe, T. W., & Koehler, J. W. (2005). A factor analytical study of perceived organizational hypocrisy. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(2), 13-20.
  • Pinder C.C. & Harlos K.P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
  • Ritchie, K. (2020). Social structures and the ontology of social groups. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 100(2), 402-424.
  • Rivero, O. (2013). Rumors in the workplace affecting organizational change. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management, 13(12),
  • Sharma, G. (2017). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International journal of applied research, 3(7), 749-752.
  • Simons, T. (2002). Behavioral integrity: The perceived alignment between managers' words and deeds as a research focus. Organization Science, 13(1), 18-35.
  • Singh, S. K. (2015). Advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling methods in social research. In National Conference on Innovative Research in Chemical, Physical, Mathematical Sciences, Applied Statistics and Environmental Dynamics, 14-18.
  • Snelson-Powell, A. C., Grosvold, J., & Millington, A. I. (2020). Organizational hypocrisy in business schools with sustainability commitments: The drivers of talk-action inconsistency. Journal of Business Research, 114, 408-420.
  • Stewart, P. J. & Strathern, A. (2004). Witchcraft, sorcery, rumors, and gossip. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3 (6), 49-74.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S., (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Xueming, T. (2013). Survey on Employee Silence in Zhejiang Private Enterprises. Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences, 5(8), 562.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2004). Spss uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Zhao, L., Yin, J., & Song, Y. (2016). An exploration of rumor combating behavior on social media in the context of social crises. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 25-36
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Semih Çayak Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4360-4288

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çayak, S. (2021). The Mediating Role of Organizational Hypocrisy in the Relationship Between Organizational Silence and Organizational Rumor: A Study on Educational Organizations. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(2), 1-13.