Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 492 - 508, 26.03.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akyürek, M. I. (2020), Uzaktan eğitim: bir alanyazın taraması. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 1-9. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mead/issue/56310/711904
  • Almond, D. V. (2006). Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long-term effects of in Utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 U.S. population. Journal of Political Economy, 114(4), 672-712. https://doi.org/10.1086/507154
  • Arat, T., & Bakan, Ö. (2014). Uzaktan eğitim ve uygulamaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 14(1-2), 363-374. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/selcuksbmyd/issue/11302/135148
  • Aytaç, T. (2021). The problems faced by teachers in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic and their opinions. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(1), 404-420. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.329.26
  • Balcı, A. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler (4. Ed.). PegemA.
  • Barbour, M. K., LaBonte, R., Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., Bond, M. A.Hill, P., & Kelly, K. (2020). Understanding pandemic pedagogy: differences between emergency remote, remote, and online teaching. Canadian eLearning Network. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/101905/understanding-pandemic-pedagogy.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
  • Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0060. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
  • Bawa, P. (2020). Learning in the age of SARS-COV-2: A quantitative study of learners’ performance in the age of emergency remote teaching. Computers and Education Open, 1, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100016
  • Bingöl, S. (2020). Attitudes of the academics in sports sciences towards distance education. African Educational Research Journal, 8(4), 799-805. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.84.20.185
  • Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to coronavirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi. http://www.asianjde.org/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/447/297
  • Cauchemez, S., Ferguson, N. M., Wachtel, C., Tegnell, A., Saour, G., Duncan, B., & Nicoll, A. (2009). Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9(8), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8
  • Cauchemez, S., Van Kerkhove, M. D., Archer, B. N., Cetron, M., Cowling, B. J., Grove, P., Hunt, D., Kojouharova, M., Kon, P., Ungchusak, K., Oshitani, H., Pugliese, A., Rizzo, C., Saour, G., Sunagawa, T., Uzicanin, A., Wachtel, C., Weisfuse, I., Yu, H., &, Nicoll, A. (2014). School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: national and local experiences. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-207
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. Pegem.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Araştırma deseni: Nicel, nitel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (4. ed. trans.). Eğiten Kitap.
  • Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
  • De Oliveira M. M. S., Penedo A. S. T., & Pereira V. S. (2018). Distance education: Advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society. Dialogia, 29, 139-152. https://doi.org/10.5585/Dialogia.n29.7661
  • Delling, R. M. (1987). Towards a theory of distance education. ICDE Bulletin, 13, 21-5.
  • Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241–253. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
  • Esen–Aygun, H. (2018). The relationship between pre–service teachers’ cognitive flexibility and ınterpersonal problem solving skills. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 18(77), 105-128. http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ejer/issue/42545/512704
  • Foti, P. (2020). Research in distance learning in Greek kindergarten schools during the pandemic of COVID-19: Possibilities, dilemmas, limitations. European Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 5(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.383906
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: the cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02219
  • Giner-Sorolla, R. (1999), Affect in attitude: immediate and deliberative perspectives. In S. Chaiken, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 441-61). The Guilford.
  • Guohong, G., Ning, L., Wenxian, X., & Wenlong, W. (2012). The study on the development of internet-based distance education and problems. Energy Procedia, 17, 1362-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.253
  • Guthrie, K. L., & McCracken, H. (2010). Making a difference online: Facilitating service-learning through distance education. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.02.006
  • Hebebci, M. T., Bertiz, Y., & Alan, S. (2020). Investigation of views of students and teachers on distance education practices during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.113
  • Higher Education Council (HEC). (2020). COVID-19 bilgilendirme notu: 1. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx (04.02.2021)
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, 27, 1-12. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-andonline-learning
  • Hooper, D, Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M (2008) Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • İnal, İ., Sakarya, G., & Zahal, O. (2021). COVID-19 pandemi döneminde EBA platformunda gerçekleştirilen müzik derslerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance, 18, 232-253. https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.960092
  • Jelińska, M., & Paradowski, M.B. (2021). Teachers’ engagement in and coping with emergency remote instruction during COVID-19-induced school closures: A multinational contextual perspective. Online Learning Journal, 25(1), 303-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i1.2492
  • Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural quation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Erlbaum.
  • Kaçay, Z., Güngör, N. B., & Soyer, F. (2021). The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the effect of empathic tendency on teacher professionalism. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(1), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2021.8.1.167
  • Kara, S. (2021). An investigation of visual arts teachers’ attitudes towards distance education in the time of COVID-19. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences (IJonSES), 3(3), 576-588. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.246
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nitel nicel karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel.
  • Karakaya, F., Arık, S., Çimen, O., & Yılmaz, M. (2020). Investigation of the views of biology teachers on distance education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 6(4), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.792984
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (11. ed.). Nobel.
  • Karbeyaz, A., & Kurt, M. (2020). COVİD-19 sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) ile ilgili öğretmen tutumları: Bir karma yöntem çalışması. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 84(Aralık), 39-66. https://doi.org/10.17753/Ekev1646
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (post-hoc) teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 51-64.
  • Keegan, D. (1990). Foundations of distance education. Routledge.
  • Klapproth, F., Federkeil, L., Heinschke, F., & Jungmann, T. (2020). Teachers’ experiences of stress and their coping strategies during COVID-19 induced distance teaching. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 4(4), 444-452. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2020062805
  • Kline, T. J. B. (2005). Psychological testing: a practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage.
  • Koçoğlu, E., & Tekdal, D. (2020). Analysis of distance education activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(9), 536-543. http://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2020.4033
  • Lashley, M. A., Acevedo, M., Cotner, S., & Lortie, C. J. (2020). How the ecology and evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic changed learning. Ecology and Evolution, 10(22), 12412–12417. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6937
  • Leonardi, P. (2020). You're going digital-now what? MITSloan Management Review, 61(2), 28-35. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/youre-going-digital-now-what/
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
  • Mather, M., & Lighthall, N. R. (2012). Risk and reward are processed differently in decisions made under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429452
  • McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2016). Örgütsel davranış. (A. Günsel & S. Bozkurt, Trans. Ed.). Nobel.
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE). (2020a, 12 March). Bakan Selçuk, korona virüse karşı eğitim alanında alınan tedbirleri açıkladı. http://www.meb.gov.tr/bakan-selcuk-koronaviruse-karsi-egitim-alaninda-alinan-tedbirleri-acikladi/haber/20497/tr (08.31.2021)
  • Moçoşoğlu, B., & Kaya, A. (2020). Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) sebebiyle uygulanan uzaktan eğitime yönelik öğretmen tutumlarının incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 2(1), 15-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1309984
  • MoNE (2020b, 7 May). EBA, 1.2 milyar tıklanma sayısıyla kendi rekorunu güncelledi. https://www.meb.gov.tr/eba-12-milyar-tiklanma-sayisiyla-kendi-rekorunu-guncelledi/haber/20862/tr (09.21.2021)
  • Moore, A. & Malinowski, P. (2009). Mediation, mindfulness, and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(1), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.12.008
  • Nguyen, M. H., Hargittai, E., & Marler, W. (2021). Digital inequality in communication during a time of physical distancing: the case of COVID-19. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106717
  • Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Corwith, S. (2011). Distance education: where it started and where it stands for gifted children and their educators. Gifted Child Today, 34(3), 16–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/107621751103400306
  • Özdamar, K. (2015). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi (10th ed.). Nisan.
  • Özer, M. (2020). Educational policy actions by the Ministry of National Education in the times of COVID-19. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1124-1129. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.722280
  • Öztürk, G., Karamete, A., & Çetin, G. (2020). The relationship between pre-service teachers’ cognitive flexibility levels and techno-pedagogical education competencies. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(1), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.623668
  • Polatoğlu, E. (2018). Özel gereksinimli bireylerle çalışan öğretmenlerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile yaratıcılık ve empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. (Publication no. 529376)[Master dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Sapmaz, F., & Doğan, T. (2013). Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 143-161. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/bilissel-esneklik-envanteri-toad.pdf
  • Saygı, H. (2021). Covid-19 pandemi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin karşılaştığı sorunlar. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 109-129. https://doi.org/10.51948/auad.841632
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin.
  • Sezgin, F. (2009). Ölçme ve değerlendirmede temel istatistiksel işlemler. E. Karip (Edt.). Ölçme ve değerlendirme (3. Ed.) (pp. 51-88). Pegem.
  • Sułkowski, Ł. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic; recession, virtual revolution leading to de-globalization? Journal of Intercultural Management, 12(1), 1-11. https://10.2478/joim-2020-0029
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edt.). Pearson.
  • Tabata, L. N., & Johnsrud, L. K. (2008). The impact of faculty attitudes toward technology, distance education, and innovation. Research in Higher Education, 49(7), 625–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-008-9094-7
  • The World Bank. (2020). How countries are using edtech (including online learning, radio, television, texting) to support access to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech/brief/how-countries-are-using-edtech-to-support-remote-learning-during-the-covid-19-pandemic (09.10.2021)
  • Türker, E., & Dündar, E. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) üzerinden yürütülen uzaktan eğitimlerle ilgili lise öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 323-342. https://doi.org/10.37669/millieğitim.738702
  • Tzivinikou, S., Charitaki, G., & Kagkara, D. (2020). Distance education attitudes (DEAS) during Covid-19 crisis: factor structure, reliability and construct validity of the brief DEA Scale in Greek-Speaking SEND teachers. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09483-1
  • UNESCO. (2020a). COVID-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse (08.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020b). COVID-19 Educational disruption and response. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse (07.18.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020c). COVID-19: 10 recommendations to ensure that learning remains uninterrupted. (08.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020d). School, health and nutrition: Why COVID-19 demands a rethink of education to address gender inequalities. https://en.unesco.org/news/school-health-and-nutrition-why-covid-19-demands-rethink-education-address-gender-inequalities (11.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020e). Distance learning solutions. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions (09.01.2021)
  • UNESCO. (2021). Global monitoring of school closures coused by COVID-19. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse#schoolclosures (09.01.2021)
  • Uysal, D. (2021). Emergency distance education experiences of primary school teachers teaching, first grade students. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(3), 229-250. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2021.346.15
  • Üzümcü, B., & Müezzin, E. E. (2018). Öğretmenlerin bilişsel esneklik ve mesleki doyum düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(1), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.325679
  • van Deursen A. J. (2020). Digital inequality during a pandemic: quantitative study of differences in COVID-19–related internet uses and outcomes among the general population. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e20073. https://doi.org/10.2196/20073
  • Vieira A.L.(2011). Preparation of the analysis. Interactive LISREL in practice. Springer.
  • Westbrook, S. R., Hankosky, E. R., Dwyer, M. R., & Gulley, J. M. (2018). Age and sex differences in behavioral flexibility, sensitivity to reward value, and risky decision-making. Behavioral Neuroscience, 132(2), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000235
  • Yahşi, Ö., & Kırkıç, K. A. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi. Turkish Studies - Education, 15(5), 3827-3847. https://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.46136
  • Yaşar, O. (2019). Yönetici kararları ve bilişsel esnekliği: Yöneticiler nasıl karar alıyor? Nörobilim ne diyor?. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(71) , 1176-1194. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.491522
  • Yazgan, A. D. (2021). Öğretmen adaylarının bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile kültürel zekâ düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 212-231. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.803469
  • Zanna, M. P., & Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: a new look at an old concept. D. BarTal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), In The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 315-34). Cambridge University.
  • Zheng, Y., & Walsham, G. (2021). Inequality of what? An intersectional approach to digital inequality under Covid-19. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100

The Effect of Teachers' Cognitive Flexibility on Attitudes towards Compulsory Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 492 - 508, 26.03.2022

Öz

The period when education services were tried to be provided remotely due to the COVID-19 epidemic enabled teachers to be intertwined with technology-supported teaching platforms. The acquisition of the technology required to use the platform, adaptation of the existing teaching strategies, methods, and techniques to the platform, and the need to stay in touch with all stakeholders related to education in this process have led to new experiences for teachers and many challenging situations. During this process, it was predicted that teachers frequently use their cognitive flexibility, which enables them to think about different solutions and make functional changes for different or problematic situations. The research is a survey study. Data were collected from teachers with the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory and the Attitude Scale towards Compulsory Distance Education. Their validity and reliability were retested within this research's scope. The results of this study, in which the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, show that the cognitive flexibility of the teachers participating in the research was high during the epidemic period. They had attitudes that could not be evaluated positively or negatively regarding compulsory distance education. Although there is a relationship between teachers' cognitive flexibility levels and their attitudes towards compulsory distance education, it is low. The cognitive flexibility of teachers can predict a very small part of their attitudes towards compulsory distance education. The findings obtained from the research are discussed with other research results.

Kaynakça

  • Akyürek, M. I. (2020), Uzaktan eğitim: bir alanyazın taraması. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 1-9. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mead/issue/56310/711904
  • Almond, D. V. (2006). Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long-term effects of in Utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 U.S. population. Journal of Political Economy, 114(4), 672-712. https://doi.org/10.1086/507154
  • Arat, T., & Bakan, Ö. (2014). Uzaktan eğitim ve uygulamaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 14(1-2), 363-374. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/selcuksbmyd/issue/11302/135148
  • Aytaç, T. (2021). The problems faced by teachers in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic and their opinions. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(1), 404-420. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.329.26
  • Balcı, A. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler (4. Ed.). PegemA.
  • Barbour, M. K., LaBonte, R., Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., Bond, M. A.Hill, P., & Kelly, K. (2020). Understanding pandemic pedagogy: differences between emergency remote, remote, and online teaching. Canadian eLearning Network. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/101905/understanding-pandemic-pedagogy.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
  • Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0060. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
  • Bawa, P. (2020). Learning in the age of SARS-COV-2: A quantitative study of learners’ performance in the age of emergency remote teaching. Computers and Education Open, 1, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100016
  • Bingöl, S. (2020). Attitudes of the academics in sports sciences towards distance education. African Educational Research Journal, 8(4), 799-805. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.84.20.185
  • Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to coronavirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi. http://www.asianjde.org/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/447/297
  • Cauchemez, S., Ferguson, N. M., Wachtel, C., Tegnell, A., Saour, G., Duncan, B., & Nicoll, A. (2009). Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9(8), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8
  • Cauchemez, S., Van Kerkhove, M. D., Archer, B. N., Cetron, M., Cowling, B. J., Grove, P., Hunt, D., Kojouharova, M., Kon, P., Ungchusak, K., Oshitani, H., Pugliese, A., Rizzo, C., Saour, G., Sunagawa, T., Uzicanin, A., Wachtel, C., Weisfuse, I., Yu, H., &, Nicoll, A. (2014). School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: national and local experiences. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-207
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. Pegem.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Araştırma deseni: Nicel, nitel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (4. ed. trans.). Eğiten Kitap.
  • Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
  • De Oliveira M. M. S., Penedo A. S. T., & Pereira V. S. (2018). Distance education: Advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society. Dialogia, 29, 139-152. https://doi.org/10.5585/Dialogia.n29.7661
  • Delling, R. M. (1987). Towards a theory of distance education. ICDE Bulletin, 13, 21-5.
  • Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241–253. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
  • Esen–Aygun, H. (2018). The relationship between pre–service teachers’ cognitive flexibility and ınterpersonal problem solving skills. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 18(77), 105-128. http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ejer/issue/42545/512704
  • Foti, P. (2020). Research in distance learning in Greek kindergarten schools during the pandemic of COVID-19: Possibilities, dilemmas, limitations. European Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 5(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.383906
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: the cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02219
  • Giner-Sorolla, R. (1999), Affect in attitude: immediate and deliberative perspectives. In S. Chaiken, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 441-61). The Guilford.
  • Guohong, G., Ning, L., Wenxian, X., & Wenlong, W. (2012). The study on the development of internet-based distance education and problems. Energy Procedia, 17, 1362-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.253
  • Guthrie, K. L., & McCracken, H. (2010). Making a difference online: Facilitating service-learning through distance education. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.02.006
  • Hebebci, M. T., Bertiz, Y., & Alan, S. (2020). Investigation of views of students and teachers on distance education practices during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.113
  • Higher Education Council (HEC). (2020). COVID-19 bilgilendirme notu: 1. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx (04.02.2021)
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, 27, 1-12. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-andonline-learning
  • Hooper, D, Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M (2008) Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • İnal, İ., Sakarya, G., & Zahal, O. (2021). COVID-19 pandemi döneminde EBA platformunda gerçekleştirilen müzik derslerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance, 18, 232-253. https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.960092
  • Jelińska, M., & Paradowski, M.B. (2021). Teachers’ engagement in and coping with emergency remote instruction during COVID-19-induced school closures: A multinational contextual perspective. Online Learning Journal, 25(1), 303-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i1.2492
  • Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural quation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Erlbaum.
  • Kaçay, Z., Güngör, N. B., & Soyer, F. (2021). The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the effect of empathic tendency on teacher professionalism. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(1), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2021.8.1.167
  • Kara, S. (2021). An investigation of visual arts teachers’ attitudes towards distance education in the time of COVID-19. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences (IJonSES), 3(3), 576-588. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.246
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nitel nicel karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel.
  • Karakaya, F., Arık, S., Çimen, O., & Yılmaz, M. (2020). Investigation of the views of biology teachers on distance education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 6(4), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.792984
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (11. ed.). Nobel.
  • Karbeyaz, A., & Kurt, M. (2020). COVİD-19 sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) ile ilgili öğretmen tutumları: Bir karma yöntem çalışması. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 84(Aralık), 39-66. https://doi.org/10.17753/Ekev1646
  • Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (post-hoc) teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 51-64.
  • Keegan, D. (1990). Foundations of distance education. Routledge.
  • Klapproth, F., Federkeil, L., Heinschke, F., & Jungmann, T. (2020). Teachers’ experiences of stress and their coping strategies during COVID-19 induced distance teaching. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 4(4), 444-452. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2020062805
  • Kline, T. J. B. (2005). Psychological testing: a practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage.
  • Koçoğlu, E., & Tekdal, D. (2020). Analysis of distance education activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(9), 536-543. http://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2020.4033
  • Lashley, M. A., Acevedo, M., Cotner, S., & Lortie, C. J. (2020). How the ecology and evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic changed learning. Ecology and Evolution, 10(22), 12412–12417. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6937
  • Leonardi, P. (2020). You're going digital-now what? MITSloan Management Review, 61(2), 28-35. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/youre-going-digital-now-what/
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
  • Mather, M., & Lighthall, N. R. (2012). Risk and reward are processed differently in decisions made under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429452
  • McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2016). Örgütsel davranış. (A. Günsel & S. Bozkurt, Trans. Ed.). Nobel.
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE). (2020a, 12 March). Bakan Selçuk, korona virüse karşı eğitim alanında alınan tedbirleri açıkladı. http://www.meb.gov.tr/bakan-selcuk-koronaviruse-karsi-egitim-alaninda-alinan-tedbirleri-acikladi/haber/20497/tr (08.31.2021)
  • Moçoşoğlu, B., & Kaya, A. (2020). Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) sebebiyle uygulanan uzaktan eğitime yönelik öğretmen tutumlarının incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 2(1), 15-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1309984
  • MoNE (2020b, 7 May). EBA, 1.2 milyar tıklanma sayısıyla kendi rekorunu güncelledi. https://www.meb.gov.tr/eba-12-milyar-tiklanma-sayisiyla-kendi-rekorunu-guncelledi/haber/20862/tr (09.21.2021)
  • Moore, A. & Malinowski, P. (2009). Mediation, mindfulness, and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(1), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.12.008
  • Nguyen, M. H., Hargittai, E., & Marler, W. (2021). Digital inequality in communication during a time of physical distancing: the case of COVID-19. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106717
  • Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Corwith, S. (2011). Distance education: where it started and where it stands for gifted children and their educators. Gifted Child Today, 34(3), 16–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/107621751103400306
  • Özdamar, K. (2015). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi (10th ed.). Nisan.
  • Özer, M. (2020). Educational policy actions by the Ministry of National Education in the times of COVID-19. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1124-1129. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.722280
  • Öztürk, G., Karamete, A., & Çetin, G. (2020). The relationship between pre-service teachers’ cognitive flexibility levels and techno-pedagogical education competencies. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(1), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.623668
  • Polatoğlu, E. (2018). Özel gereksinimli bireylerle çalışan öğretmenlerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile yaratıcılık ve empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. (Publication no. 529376)[Master dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Sapmaz, F., & Doğan, T. (2013). Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 143-161. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/bilissel-esneklik-envanteri-toad.pdf
  • Saygı, H. (2021). Covid-19 pandemi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin karşılaştığı sorunlar. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 109-129. https://doi.org/10.51948/auad.841632
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin.
  • Sezgin, F. (2009). Ölçme ve değerlendirmede temel istatistiksel işlemler. E. Karip (Edt.). Ölçme ve değerlendirme (3. Ed.) (pp. 51-88). Pegem.
  • Sułkowski, Ł. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic; recession, virtual revolution leading to de-globalization? Journal of Intercultural Management, 12(1), 1-11. https://10.2478/joim-2020-0029
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edt.). Pearson.
  • Tabata, L. N., & Johnsrud, L. K. (2008). The impact of faculty attitudes toward technology, distance education, and innovation. Research in Higher Education, 49(7), 625–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-008-9094-7
  • The World Bank. (2020). How countries are using edtech (including online learning, radio, television, texting) to support access to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech/brief/how-countries-are-using-edtech-to-support-remote-learning-during-the-covid-19-pandemic (09.10.2021)
  • Türker, E., & Dündar, E. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) üzerinden yürütülen uzaktan eğitimlerle ilgili lise öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 323-342. https://doi.org/10.37669/millieğitim.738702
  • Tzivinikou, S., Charitaki, G., & Kagkara, D. (2020). Distance education attitudes (DEAS) during Covid-19 crisis: factor structure, reliability and construct validity of the brief DEA Scale in Greek-Speaking SEND teachers. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09483-1
  • UNESCO. (2020a). COVID-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse (08.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020b). COVID-19 Educational disruption and response. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse (07.18.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020c). COVID-19: 10 recommendations to ensure that learning remains uninterrupted. (08.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020d). School, health and nutrition: Why COVID-19 demands a rethink of education to address gender inequalities. https://en.unesco.org/news/school-health-and-nutrition-why-covid-19-demands-rethink-education-address-gender-inequalities (11.10.2020)
  • UNESCO. (2020e). Distance learning solutions. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions (09.01.2021)
  • UNESCO. (2021). Global monitoring of school closures coused by COVID-19. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse#schoolclosures (09.01.2021)
  • Uysal, D. (2021). Emergency distance education experiences of primary school teachers teaching, first grade students. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(3), 229-250. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2021.346.15
  • Üzümcü, B., & Müezzin, E. E. (2018). Öğretmenlerin bilişsel esneklik ve mesleki doyum düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(1), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.325679
  • van Deursen A. J. (2020). Digital inequality during a pandemic: quantitative study of differences in COVID-19–related internet uses and outcomes among the general population. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e20073. https://doi.org/10.2196/20073
  • Vieira A.L.(2011). Preparation of the analysis. Interactive LISREL in practice. Springer.
  • Westbrook, S. R., Hankosky, E. R., Dwyer, M. R., & Gulley, J. M. (2018). Age and sex differences in behavioral flexibility, sensitivity to reward value, and risky decision-making. Behavioral Neuroscience, 132(2), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000235
  • Yahşi, Ö., & Kırkıç, K. A. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi. Turkish Studies - Education, 15(5), 3827-3847. https://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.46136
  • Yaşar, O. (2019). Yönetici kararları ve bilişsel esnekliği: Yöneticiler nasıl karar alıyor? Nörobilim ne diyor?. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(71) , 1176-1194. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.491522
  • Yazgan, A. D. (2021). Öğretmen adaylarının bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile kültürel zekâ düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 212-231. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.803469
  • Zanna, M. P., & Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: a new look at an old concept. D. BarTal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), In The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 315-34). Cambridge University.
  • Zheng, Y., & Walsham, G. (2021). Inequality of what? An intersectional approach to digital inequality under Covid-19. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100
Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Fatmanur Özen 0000-0002-3232-7484

Adem Selçuk Üçüncü Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1937-5729

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özen, F., & Üçüncü, A. S. (2022). The Effect of Teachers’ Cognitive Flexibility on Attitudes towards Compulsory Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(2), 492-508.