Advice for Academician Mothers with Only Child: “I Wish He Had A Brother”

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 509 - 524, 26.03.2022

Hasan Batmaz Yağmur Ulusoy

Öz

The purpose of this research is to reveal what kind of reactions academic mothers get from having a only child and their thoughts on having a child again. In this study, descriptive phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. The study group of research was composed of 9 academician mothers (32-51 age range; age range at marriage: 22-35; duration of the marriage; between 7-23 years) with an only child (5-25 age range), using the criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling methods. Inclusion criteria for the research; They are academicians who have a child of at least 5 years old and have only child. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data collected. As a result of the analysis, the theme of "I wish he had a brother" was reached. As a result, it has been seen that academic mothers with one child are supported by their spouses to have one child; however, most of them want to have a second child. tap here to enter text.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Only child, academician mother, family demography, sibling, qualitative research

Kaynakça

• Adler, A. (1928). Characteristics of the first, second, and third child. Children, 3(5), 14.
• Adler, A. (1931): What life should mean to you. Perigree Books.
• Adler, A. (1964). Problems of neurosis. Harper Torchbooks.
• Armenti, C. (2004). May babies and posttenure babies: Maternal decisions of women professors. The Review of Higher Education, 27(2), 211-231. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2003.0046
• Aslan, Ş., ve Atabey, A. (2005). Küresel rekabette kadın girişimcilerin rolü ve türk kadın girişimci tipolojisi. Journal of Azerbaijani Studies, 1-17. http://www.jhss-khazar.org
• Aydın, S. (2019). Tek çocuklu aileler ve çoğul çocuklu ailelerin çocuklarının sosyal beceri düzeyi bakımından değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Aydoğdu, F., & Dilekmen, M. (2016). Ebeveyn tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 569-585. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/befdergi/issue/28762/307860
• Bailey, N. B. K. D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (1999). The advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 28(2), 53-68. https://www.academia.edu./
• Baker, M. (2008, July). The family life of academics: Gendered priorities and institutional constraints. In Annual Conference of the Australian Institute of Family Studies (pp. 9-11)
• Beddoes, K., & Pawley, A. L. (2014). ‘Different people have different priorities’: work–family balance, gender, and the discourse of choice. Studies in Higher Education, 39(9), 1573-1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.801432
• Bekir, H., Şahin, H., & Aydın, R. (2013). 4-7 yaş arası sağlıklı çocukların ebeveyn görüşlerine göre yaşam kalitelerinin belirlenmesi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 5(3), 7-19.
• Belmont, L., & Marolla, F. A. (1973). Birth order, family size, and intelligence: A study of a total population of 19-year-old men born in the Netherlands is presented. Science, 182(4117), 1096-1101. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.182.4117.1096
• Birleşmiş Milletler Nüfus Fonu (2018). 9 Eylül 2020, https://www.unfpa.org/annual-report-2018#!/indicators-2.
• Blake, J. (1981). The only child in America: Prejudice versus performance. Population and Development Review, 43-54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1972763
• Büyüköztürk, Kılıç-Çakmak, Erkan-Akgün, Karadeniz ve Demirel, (2019). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem.
• Census (2018). https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/HSD310217#HSD310217 adresinden 8 aralık tarihinde edinilmiştir.
• Claudy, J. G. (1984). The only child as a young adult: Results from project talent. The single child family (211-252). Guilford Press.
• Comer, D. R., & Stites-Doe, S. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of faculty women’s academic–parental role balancing. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 27(3), 495-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-006-9021-z
• Contreras, D., & Plaza, G. (2010). Cultural factors in women's labor force participation in Chile. Feminist Economics, 16(2), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701003731815
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir, Çev.). Siyasal Kitapevi.
• Creswell, J. W. (2017). Nitel araştırmacılar için 30 temel beceri (H. Özcan, Çev.). Anı Yayıncılık.
• Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
• Croda, E., Kyriazidou, E., & Polycarpou, I. (2011). Intertemporal labor force participation of married women in Germany: A panel data analysis. University Ca'Foscari of Venice, Dept. of Economics Research Paper Series No, 17. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1950603
• Çakır, İ., & Arslan, R. (2018). Türkiye’deki Üniversitelerde Kadın Akademisyenlerin Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar ve Bartın Üniversitesi’nde Çalışan Kadın Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(18), 265-280. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bartiniibf/issue/40570/478433
• Dayıoğlu, M., & Kırdar, M. G. (2010). Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılımında belirleyici etkenler ve eğilimler. DPT Yayınları.
• Demir, S. (2018). Akademide kadın: Farklı disiplinlerden kadınların akademideki yeri ve aile yaşamlarıyla etkileşimi. Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 187-210. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.897125
• Demirbulat, Ö. G., Saatcı, G., & Avcıkurt, C. (2019). İşkoliklik ve bireysel mutluluk arasındaki ilişkinin turizm akademisyenleri açısından incelenmesi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(4), 3500-3315. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.897125
• Deutschland.de (2020). Retrieved from https://www.deutschland.de/tr
• Dikmen, N., & Maden, D. (2012). A research on ınvisible labor of women cademicians: example of Ordu university. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1), 257-288. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/
• Doh, H. S. (1999). Social competence, maternal attentiveness, and overprotectiveness: Only children in Korea. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 23(1), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502599384044
• Downey, D. B., & Condron, D. J. (2004). Playing well with others in kindergarten: The benefit of siblings at home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 333-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00024.x
• Dunn, J., & Brisbane, H. E. (1985). Sisters and brothers. Harvard University Press.
• Durgel, E. S. (2007). Çocuklarda olumlu sosyal davranışın gelişimi. Koç Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümü Çoluk Çocuk Dergisi, 64, 6-8.
• Easterlin, R. A. (1978). What will 1984 be like? Socioeconomic implications of recent twists in age structure. Demography, 15(4), 397-432. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061197
• Eker, G., Ö., (2002). “Yazılı Kaynaklarda Türk Ailesi”. Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Erdem Dergisi, 13(37), 131-157. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/erdem/issue/44288/546823
• Ergöl, Ş., Koç, G., Eroğlu, K., & Taşkin, L. (2012). Türkiye'de kadın araştırma görevlilerinin ev ve iş yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları güçlükler. Journal of Higher Education & Science/Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2(1), 43-49. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/higheredusci/issue/61477/918007
• Erkan, S., & Toran, M. (2010). Child acceptance-rejection behaviors of lower and upper socioeconomic status mothers. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38(3), 427-432. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.3.427
• Falbo, T. (2012). Only children: An updated review. Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(1), 38-49. Retrieved from https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=385f271c-48d7-4dfe-8f7a-6cacdafb8e17%40redis
• Falbo, T., & Polit, D. F. (1986). Quantitative review of the only child literature: Research evidence and theory development. Psychological Bulletin, 100(2), 176-189. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.100.2.176
• Fenton, N. (1928). The only child. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology, 35(4), 546-556.
• Forster, N. (2001). A case study of women academics’ views on equal opportunities, career prospects and work‐family conflicts in a UK university. Career development international, 6(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430110381016
• Geldiyev, G., & Karayunusoğlu, Y. (2017). Karşılaştırılmalı Türkmen Atasözleri, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
• GfK GeoMarketing (GfK Demographics 2011, January 2012). Retrieved from https://www.nim.org/en/compact/focustopics/german-family-structure-geographical-perspective
• Glesne, C. (2012). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. Anı.
• Gönen, E., & Hablemitoğlu, Ş. (2004). Akademisyen kadınlar. Toplumsal Dönüşüm Yayınları.
• Graham-Bermann, S. & Gest, S. (1991). Sibling and peer relations in socially rejected, average, and popular children. ERIC No: ED332822.
• Gutiérrez-Domènech, M. (2010). Parental employment and time with children in Spain. Review of Economics of the Household, 8(3), 371-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-010-9096-z
• Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (1996). Qualitative research for nurses (pp. p115-129). Blackwell Science.
• Howe, M. G., & Madgett, M. E. (1975). Mental health problems associated with the only child. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 20(3), 189-194. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674377502000303
• INSEE (2020). Retrieved from https://www.ined.fr/en/everything_about_population/data/france/couples-households-families/children-family/
• Jamshidi, B., Afshar, M. ve Rastgaran, M. (2013). 2053–Single child families and conflict of families. European Psychiatry, 28, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(13)76972-4
• Jiao, S., Ji, G., Jing, Q., & Ching, C. C. (1986). Comparative study of behavioral qualities of only children and sibling children. Child development, 357-361. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1130591
• Jordan, C., Cobb, N., & McCully, R. (1989). Clinical issues of the dual-career couple. Social Work, 34(1), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/34.1.29
• Kaytez, N. ve Durualp, E. (2016). Annelerin kabul-red düzeylerinin çocuğun mizacı ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 58, 418-431. http://www.akademikbakis.org/
• Kemkes-Grottenthaler, A. (2003). Postponing or rejecting parenthood? Results of a survey among female academic professionals. Journal of Biosocial Science, 35(2), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002193200300213X
• Kızılgöl, Ö. (2012). Kadınların işgücüne katılımının belirleyicileri: ekonometrik bir analiz. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13 (1), 88-101. Retrieved from http://journal.dogus.edu.tr/index.php/duj/article/view/281/0
• Kocabıyık, O. (2016). Olgubilim ve gömülü kuram: Bazı özellikler açısından karşılaştırma. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 55-66. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/200424
• Leonard, P., & Malina, D. (2017). Caught between two worlds: Mothers as academics. In Changing the subject. Taylor & Francis.
• Makihara, H., Nagaya, M., & Nakajima, M. (1985). An investigation of neurotic school refusal in one-parent families. Japanese Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 303-315. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jscap
• Masika, R., Wisker, G., Dabbagh, L., Akreyi, K. J., Golmohamad, H., Bendixen, L., & Crawford, K. (2014). Female academics’ research capacities in the Kurdistan region of Iraq: socio-cultural issues, personal factors and institutional practices. Gender and Education, 26(1), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2013.873391
• MEB (2013). Çocuk gelişimi ve eğitimi, aile ve çocuk. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
• Meriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma: desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (S. Turan, Çev.), Nobel.
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2019). Nitel veri analizi genişletilmiş kaynak kitap. (3.Baskı) (Çev. S. Akbaba Altun ve A. Ersoy). Pegem.
• Miller, N., & Maruyama, G. (1976). Ordinal position and peer popularity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(2), 123-131. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.33.2.123
• O’Laughlin, E. M., & Bischoff, L. G. (2005). Balancing parenthood and academia: Work/family stress as influenced by gender and tenure status. Journal of family issues, 26(1), 79-106. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513X04265942
• O'Brien, M. (1996). Child-rearing difficulties reported by parents of infants and toddlers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21(3), 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/21.3.433
• Ogelman, H. G., & Sarıkaya, H. E. (2014). 5-6 yaş çocukların sosyal beceri, akran ilişkileri ve okula uyum düzeyleri ile kardeş değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (41). http://www.akademikbakis.org/
• Özkanlı, Ö., & Korkmaz, A. (2000). Kadın akademisyenler.Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi.
• Palabıyık, A. (2018). Kamu istihdamı üzerinde çalışmak. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 6 (2), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.395783
• Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (M, Bütün, & S. B. Demir, Çev. Eds.). Pegem.
• Pektaş, İ., & Özgür, G. (2005). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin anneleri ile olan ilişkilerini algilayişlari ve bu ilişkiyi etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 13-27. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egehemsire/issue/49614/635895
• Pitkeathley, J. ve Emerson, D. (2013). Tek çocuk sendromu (E. Saraçoğlu, Çev.). Yakamoz Kitap.
• Polit, D. F., & Falbo, T. (1987). Only children and personality development: A quantitative review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 309-325. https://doi.org/10.2307/352302
• Roberts, L. C. ve Blanton, P. W. (2001). " I always knew mom and dad loved me best": Experiences of only children. Journal of Individual Psychology, 57(2), 125-140. Retrieved from https://utpress.utexas.edu/journals/journal-of-individual-psychology
• Rolfe, G. (2006). Validity, trustworthiness and rigour: quality and the idea of qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(3), 304-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03727.x
• Rosen, I. S. (2001). Me, myself and I: The life of an only child. (Master’s thesis). Dissertation Abstract International. (UMI No. 1404483).
• Rosenzweig, M. R. (1976). Female work experience, employment status, and birth expectations: Sequential decision-making in the Philippines. Demography, 13(3), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060532
• Rossberg, E. (2008). Tek çocuk-tamam mı devam mı? (N. Altay, Çev.). Turkuaz Kitaplığı.
• Saldaña (2019). Nitel araştırmacılar için kodlama el kitabı (A. Tüfekci Akcan ve S. N. Şad, Çev.). Pegem.
• Santos, G. G. (2015). Narratives about work and family life among Portuguese academics. Gender, Work & Organization, 22(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12061
• Schoen, R., Kim, Y. J., Nathanson, C. A., Fields, J., & Astone, N. M. (1997). Why do Americans want children? Population and Development Review, 23 (2), 333-358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137548
• Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63-75. Retrieved from https://content.iospress.com/articles/education-for-information/efi00778
• Silverman, D. (2018). Nitel verileri yorumlama. Pegem.
• Sorensen, B. (2008). Only-child experience and adulthood. Springer.
• Sperry, L. (1993). Tailoring treatment with dual-career couples. American Journal of Family Therapy, 21(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926189308250995
• T.C. Başbakanlık Aile ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü (2016). Türkiye’de aile yapısı araştırması 2016. Araştırma ve Politika Serisi, 66. TDV Yayın Matbaacılık, Ankara.
• Tekindal, M., & Uğuz, Ş. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak fenomenolojik yaklaşımın kapsamı ve sürecine yönelik bir derleme. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 20(1), 153-172. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uobild/issue/58856/813813
• Thomas-Johnson, M. R. (2005). A comparative study of parenting styles between parents of an only child and parents of more than one child. California State University, Long Beach.
• Thompson, V. D. (1974). Family size: Implicit policies and assumed psychological outcomes. Journal of Social Issues, 30(4), 93-124. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/
• Wei, C. (2005). Great expectations in hard times: The psychological risks of Chinese only children in late adolescence (Doctoral dissertation). Harvard University.
• Weinlein, J. (2000). Only, but not lonely. Los Angeles Family, 2, 18-19.
• Westoff, C. F. (1978). The unmet need for birth control in five Asian countries. Family planning perspectives, 10(3), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.2307/2134309
• Winnicott, D., W. (2014). Çocuk, aile ve dış dünya. (N. Nirven & N. Diner, Çev.). Pinhan.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2000). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Gözden geçirilmiş 2.baskı). Seçkin.
• Yıldırım, K., & Doğrul, G. (2008). Çalışmak ya da .alışmamak: Türkiye'de kentsel alanlarda yaşayan kadınların işgücüne katılmama kararlarının olası belirleyicileri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 239-262. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TnprME5qZzQ
• Yıldız, S. (2018). Türkiye'de kadın akademisyen olmak. Journal of Higher Education & Science/Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 8(1), 29-40. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/higheredusci/issue/61495/918184
• Yildirim, B. N., & Tüfekci, A. (2020). Okul öncesi dönem çocuğu olan annelerin çocuğu kabul red durumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 11(1), 159-183. http://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.731961
• Yoldaşev, İ. & Gümüş, M. (1995). Türkçe Açıklamalı Özbek Atasözleri. Engin Yayınevi.
• YÖK (2020). Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/