THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL CHANGE AND POPULAR CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PLACES:THE CASE OF ISTIKLAL AVENUE

Öz

The world has been in constant change and development since its existence. Throughout the history, Istanbul which has always been popular especially because of its location, has undoubtedly been one of the places that are most affected by these changes and developments. For this reason, Pera District-Istiklal Avenue was chosen as the case.
While analyzing Istiklal Avenue, the pressure of popular culture on places, and its effect on identity, especially in the current situation which is a result of social changes and developments, are discussed. The data were collected using on-site observation and photographing methods, and the obtained data were matched with the current panoramic map view. In the light of the collected data, the whole process and the milestones Istiklal Avenue went through until today were determined. Function analysis was made in the light of the current view of Istiklal Avenue, which was obtained with the photographs taken. The role of the Avenue in history has been compared with its current role. The changes, and the pressure of popular culture that the Avenue has experienced are discussed. As a result, it has been determined that Istiklal Avenue has moved away from its historical value and is no different from an ordinary street or any shopping center. By observing the identities of the commercial service units, it has been determined that there are chain brands identified by fast consumption-popular culture, and that the avenue has experienced an intense identity change under the influence of this popular culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Identity Change
• Popular Culture
• Social Change
• Istiklal Avenue

SOSYAL DEĞİŞİM VE POPÜLER KÜLTÜRÜN TARİHİ MEKÂNLARDAKİ ETKİSİ: İSTİKLAL CADDESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Dünya var olduğu günden bu yana devamlı bir değişim ve gelişim içindedir. Tarih boyunca, özellikle konumu nedeniyle her zaman gözde olan İstanbul da bu değişim ve gelişimlerden şüphesiz en çok etkilenen yerlerden biri olmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışma alanı olarak Pera Bölgesi-İstiklal Caddesi seçilmiştir.
İstiklal Caddesi üzerine analizler yapılırken özellikle sosyal değişim ve gelişimler sonucunda gelinen güncel durumda popüler kültürün mekân üzerindeki baskısı ve kimlik üzerine etkisi ele alınmıştır. Veriler yerinde gözlem ve fotoğraflama yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak toplanmış, elde edilen veriler güncel panaromik harita görüntüleriyle çakıştırılmıştır. Toplanan veriler ışığında İstiklal Caddesi’nin bugünkü haline gelene kadar yaşadığı tüm süreç ve geçirdiği dönüm noktaları belirlenmiştir. Çekilen fotoğraflarla elde edilmiş İstiklal Caddesi’nin güncel görüntüsü ışığında işlev analizi yapılmıştır. Cadde’nin tarihteki rolüyle günümüzdeki rolü kıyaslanmıştır. Geçirdiği değişimler ve yaşadığı popüler kültür baskısı tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak yapılan analizlerle İstiklal Caddesi’nin tarihindeki değerden uzaklaşmış olduğu ve sıradan bir caddeden, herhangi bir alışveriş merkezinden farkı kalmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yer alan ticari hizmet birimlerinin kimliklerine bakıldığında caddede yoğun olarak hızlı tüketim-popüler kültür üzerine şekillenmiş zincir markalar olduğu ve caddenin bu popüler kültür etkisinde yoğun bir kimlik değişimi yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kimlik Değişimi
• Popüler kültür
• Sosyal Değişim
• İstiklal Caddesi

Kaynakça

1. Adanalı, Y. A. (2011). De-spatialized Space As Neoliberal Utopia: Gentrified Istiklal Street and Commercialized Urban Spaces. Red Thread, Issue 3. Access Address (22.12.2021): https://red-thread.org/neoliberal-utopya-olarak-mekansiz-mekanlar-soylulastirilan-istiklal-caddesi-ve-ticarilestirilen-kent-mekanlari/
2. Akın, N. (1998). Galata and Pera in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century. Istanbul: Literatür Publication, p: 354. Access Address (10.06.2021): https://www.archnet.org/publications/12484
3. Aytepe, O. (2004). Ankara Being the Center and Capital. Journal of Atatürk Road, V.: 33-34, p. 15-22, Ankara. Access Address (11.11.2021):
4. Başat, K. B. (2007). Current Differentiations Within The Cities: Istanbul- Istiklal Street. Istanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Master's Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (10.06.2021): https://polen.itu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11527/8475?show=full
5. Batur, A. (2000). Galata and Pera 1 A Short History, Urban Development Architecture and Today. ARI The Bulletin of the Istanbul Technical University, V:55 No:1, Istanbul. Access Address (08.11.2021): https://www.academia.edu/5022633/Galata_and_Pera_1_A_Short_History_Urban_Development_Architecture_and_Today
6. Cihangiroğlu, M. S. (2019). A Study on the Value Perception of Memory Spaces and Its Change: Ankara Train Station. Thesis in Proficiency in Art, Hacettepe University, Institue of Fine Arts, Ankara. Access Address (15.06.2021): http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/8492?locale-attribute=en
7. Coşgun, M. (2012). Popular Culture and Consumer Society. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, V:1, p.: 837-850. Access Address (15.06.2021): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/buyasambid/issue/29824/320933
8. Crothers, L. (2021). Globalization&American Popular Culture. Rowman&Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., United Kingdom.

9. Durhan, Ö. S. (2009). Urban Transformation in Istanbul in the Early Republican Period (1928-1950). PhD Thesis, Yıldız Technical University Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Istanbul. Access Addres (24.06.2021): http://dspace.yildiz.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/1/1980
10. Durudoğan, S. (1998). The Effects of Pera/Beyoğlu's Economic, Cultural and Political Structure on Architecture in the 19th Century. PhD Thesis, Istanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Master's Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (20.06.2021): http://polen.itu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11527/16597?show=full
11. Google Earth, Access Address (25.06.2021): https://earth.google.com/web/search/istiklal+caddesi+beyo%c4%9flu/ .
12. Google Images, Access Address (17.06.2021): https://www.google.com.tr/imghp?hl=tr&ogbl
13. Istanbul City Map, Access Address (10.12.2021): https://sehirharitasi.ibb.gov.tr/
14. Istanbul IETT, Access Address (24.06.2021): https://www.iett.istanbul/tr/main/pages/nostaljik-tramvay-hakkinda/92
15. İstiklal Senin, Access Address (12.12.2021): https://istiklal.ist/
16. Karayuluk, H. (2018). Evaluation of the Events of 6-7 September 1955 in the Relation of Cause and Effect. International Journal of Human Studies, V.:1 (1), p: 36-50. Access Address (18.06.2021): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uicd/article/431574#article_cite
17. Kartarı, A. (2019). Anadolu University, Department of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Intercultural Communication, Textbook, p.: 8, Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publications.
18. Kayra, C. (1990). Times and Places. Istanbul: Ak Publications. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2613150W/I%CC%87stanbul_meka%CC%82nlar_ve_zamanlar
19. Korucu, T., (2021). Social and Economic Life in Galata in the Second Half of the 17th Century According to Istanbul Kadi Registers. Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Science, Master’s Thesis, Ankara. Access Address (09.12.2021): http://hdl.handle.net/11655/25152
20. Marmara University Open Access System, Access Address (24.06.2021): http://openaccess.marmara.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11424/156728/001500842006.pdf?sequence=2
21. Omay, E. E. (2000). A Rehabilitation Project For The Galata Kulesi - Perşembe Pazari - Arap Kayyum Streets In The Historical Site Galata. Istanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Master's Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (24.06.2021): https://polen.itu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11527/11027?show=full
22. Öztay, H. (2021). Fast Fashion, in the Context of Changing Consumption Practices. Istanbul Gelişim University Journal of Social Sciences 8 (2): 468-481. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.695624
23. Öztürk, İ. M. (2013). The Extraordinary Economic Decisions of Turkey in World War II: The National Protection Law and the Wealth Tax Act. Research Journal of Historical Studies, V.: 32 (54), p: 135-166. Access Address (25.06.2021):
24. Republic of Turkey Governorship of Istanbul, Access Address (08.11.2021): http://www.istanbul.gov.tr/uc-imparatorluga-baskentlik-yapan-sehir-istanbul
25. Sözen, E. (2012). Popular Culture Rhetoric: Lack of Ownership and Common Sense Knowledge. Journal of East West, (15), 57-69.
26. Tan M. (2021). Modernity, Noise, Silence: A Sociological Critique. Journal of Sociological Context, 2(2),107-118. https://doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.2.2.7
27. Tekin I. and Akgün Gültekin A., (2017). Rebuildıng of Beyoğlu-Istiklal Street: A Comparative Analysis Of Urban Transformation Through Sectıons Along The Street 2004-2014. METU JFA 34(2): 153-179. DOI: 10.4305/METU.JFA.2017.2.12.
28. Tekin, I. (2005). The Reading Of Urban Life in The Vincinity of Beyoğlu-Istiklal Street with Sections and The Crowd of The Street. Istanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Master's Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (24.06.2021): https://polen.itu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11527/6308?show=full
29. Turan Akıncı Portolio View, Access Address (11.12.2021): https://www.turanakinci.com/portfolio-view/beyoglu-cercle-dorient/
30. Türk, A. and Seydioğulları, H.S. (2018). Reflection of Urban Identity on City Square: Alanya Iskele-Rıhtım Region Sample. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Journal of Institute of Science and Technology V.:9 (1) p: 205-215.
31. Yıldırım, A. (2018). Colletive Memory in the Context of the Protection of Cultural Artifacts: Public Squares (Taksim Square as an Example). Kadir Has University, Institute of Science and Technology, Master's Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (25.06.2021): http://academicrepository.khas.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12469/2608
32. Yoğurtçu, M. (2016). Transformation Process of Cities in Turkey and Tarlabaşı Example. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Istanbul Aydın University Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, Istanbul. Access Address (18.06.2021): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=OW3_wskLcSckDXs49Rzcbw&no=puA-shuLgUE2yEmPzFAG4w
33. Youtube Documentary About Tarlabaşı, Access Address (17.06.2021): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScB5bRiNjw&t=1002s&ab_channel=HilmiEtikan