Çalı Türleri Gürültü Kirliliğini Azaltmak İçin Biyolojik Önlem Olarak Kullanılabilir mi?

Öz

Günümüzde gürültü kirliliği ile mücadelede ses bariyerlerinin kullanımı yaygın kontrol yöntemleri arasındadır. Özellikle kentsel mekanlarda ses bariyeri olarak bitkisel materyallerin kullanımı ekolojik, estetik ve ekonomik katkılarından dolayı önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Erzurum ilinde dış mekanlarda yoğun olarak tercih edilen 4 çalı türü (Rosa canina L., Syringa vulgaris L., Ribes aureum L. ve Biota orientalis L.) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. İlk aşamada uygun yoğunluk, büyüklük ve hacim özelliklerine sahip türlerin bulunduğu alanlar belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında 4 farklı çalı türü için 20 ayrı gürültü ölçümü yapılmıştır. Ardından ölçüm sonuçlarının istatistiksel analizleri yapılmıştır. Son aşamada ise her bir çalı türünün gürültü azaltmasına yönelik etki sıralaması yapılmıştır. Çalışma ile çalı türlerinin gürültü seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azalttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ribes aureum L., 8,5 dB(A) (%10,6) efektif değeri ile gürültüye karşı en etkili çalı olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarına ve çalı türlerinin yapısal özelliklerine dayanılarak sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış, tartışılmış ve bitkisel gürültü bariyerlerinin kullanımının arttırılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gürültü Kirliliği
• Gürültü Bariyeri
• Bitkisel Malzemeler
• Çalılar

Can Shrub Species be Utilized as a Biological Measure to Reduce Noise Pollution?

Öz

Today, the use of sound barriers is among the common control methods in combating noise pollution. The use of plant materials as sound barriers, especially in urban spaces, is important due to their ecological, aesthetic and economic contributions. In this study, four shrub species (Rosa canina L., Syringa vulgaris L., Ribes aureum L. and Biota orientalis L.), which are widely preferred outdoors in Erzurum province, were used as materials. In the first stage, areas with species with appropriate density, size and volume characteristics were determined. In the second stage of the research, 20 separate noise measurements were made for 4 different shrub species. Then, statistical analysis of the measurement results was made. In the final stage, the effects of each shrub species on noise reduction were ranked. The study concluded that shrub species significantly reduce noise levels. Ribes aureum L. was determined as the most effective shrub against noise with an effective value of 8.5 dB(A) (10.6%). Based on the measurement results and structural characteristics of shrub species, the results were compared, discussed and some suggestions were presented to increase the use of vegetal noise barriers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Noise Pollution
• Noise Barrier
• Plant Materials
• Shrubs

Kaynakça

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