The Evaluation of the Impact of Urbanisation on Urban Thermal Environment in the Case of Aydın

Öz

In cities, factors like the increase of the density of the buildings together with the decrease of the vegetation surfaces form the urban heat islands and cause negative effects on the urban thermal environment. In this context, this study examines the relationship between land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and building density between the years 2005-2015 and evaluates their effects on urban thermal environment in the case of neighborhoods of Efeler and İncirliova districts of Aydın province, which are exposed to the rapid migration and urbanization recently. In the study, Landsat TM5 dated 24 July 2005 and Landsat 8 dated 20 July 2015 satellite images were used in the calculation of LST and NDVI values (USGS, 2018a). In addition, Imperviousness degree / building density maps (Imperviousness degree-IMD) for 2006 and 2015, obtained from the website of Copernicus Land Observation Services (Copernicus Land Monitoring Service-CLMS, 2018), were also used. In the study, surface temperature models were produced from the thermal bands of Landsat satellite images of July, which is the hottest and driest of Aydın province, and the relationships between these models and the values of NDVI and IMD were analysed. It was found that the increase in the density of the building areas and the decreasing vegetation surface ratio between the years of 2005 and 2015 caused an increase of 3.19℃ in the land surface temperature in Efeler and İncirliova districts of Aydın province. Also, it was found that whilst the correlation between land surface temperature and NDVI was negative, the correlation between land surface temperature and IMD was positive. As a consequence, this study has made suggestions to prevent urban heat island (UHI) effect and to mitigate its negative influences on urban thermal environments in Efeler and İncirliova districts of Aydın province.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aydın,urban heat island,NDVI,building density,vegetation cover

Kentleşmenin Kentsel Termal Çevre Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Efeler ve İncirliova (Aydın) Örneği

Öz

Kentlerde zaman içinde yapı yoğunluğunun artması ve bitki yüzeyinin azalması gibi etmenler, kentsel ısı adalarını oluşturmakta ve kentsel termal çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışma ile son zamanlarda hızla göç alan ve kentleşmenin yoğun olarak yaşandığı kentlerden biri olan Aydın ili, Efeler ve İncirliova ilçelerinde yapılaşmaya en çok maruz kalan merkez mahallelerde, 2005-2015 yılları arasında arazi yüzeyi sıcaklığı (LST), normalize edilmiş farksal bitki indeksi (NDVI) ve yapı yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkiler incelenerek kentleşmenin kentsel termal çevre üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada LST ve NDVI değerlerinin hesaplanmasında 24 Temmuz 2005 yılına ait Landsat TM5 ve 20 Temmuz 2015 yılına ait Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır (USGS, 2018a). Ayrıca, Copernicus Arazi Gözlem Hizmetlerinin (Copernicus Land Monitoring Service-CLMS, 2018) web sitesinden elde edilen 2006 ve 2015 yıllarına ait geçirimsizlik derecesi / yapı yoğunluğu (Imperviousness degree-IMD) haritalarından da yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, Aydın ilinin en sıcak ve kurak olduğu Temmuz ayına ait Landsat uydu görüntülerinin termal bantlarından yüzey sıcaklık modelleri üretilmiş ve bunlar ile NDVI ve yapı yoğunluğu değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir. Aydın ili, Efeler ve İncirliova ilçelerinin merkez mahallelerinde 2005-2015 yılları arasında yapı alanları ile yoğunluğundaki artış ve sağlıklı bitki yüzey oranının azalması, arazi yüzey sıcaklığında 3.19℃ artışa neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüzey sıcaklıkları ile NDVI ve IMD değerleri arasındaki ilişkilerin de incelendiği çalışmada, yüzey sıcaklıkları ile NDVI değerleri arasındaki korelasyonun negatif, IMD ile ise pozitif olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Efeler ve İncirliova ilçeleri merkez mahalleleri örneğinde kentsel ısı adası (UHI) etkisinin oluşumunun engellenmesi ve kentsel termal çevre üzerinde oluşturduğu olumsuz etkilerin azaltılabilmesine yönelik önlemler ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aydın,kentsel ısı adası,NDVI,yapı yoğunluğu,bitki örtüsü

Kaynakça

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