The Evaluation of the Impact of Urbanisation on Urban Thermal Environment in the Case of Aydın

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 29.07.2019

Ebru Ersoy Tonyaloğlu

Öz

In cities, factors like the increase of the density
of the buildings together with the decrease of the vegetation surfaces form the
urban heat islands and cause negative effects on the urban thermal environment.
In this context, this study examines the relationship between land surface
temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and building
density between the years 2005-2015 and evaluates their effects on urban
thermal environment in the case of neighborhoods of Efeler and İncirliova
districts of Aydın province, which are exposed to the rapid migration and
urbanization recently. In the study, Landsat TM5 dated 24 July 2005 and Landsat
8 dated 20 July 2015 satellite images were used in the calculation of LST and
NDVI values (USGS, 2018a). In addition, Imperviousness degree / building
density maps (Imperviousness degree-IMD) for 2006 and 2015, obtained from the
website of Copernicus Land Observation Services (Copernicus Land Monitoring
Service-CLMS, 2018), were also used. In the study, surface temperature models
were produced from the thermal bands of Landsat satellite images of July, which
is the hottest and driest of Aydın province, and the relationships between
these models and the values of NDVI and IMD were analysed. It was found that
the increase in the density of the building areas and the decreasing vegetation
surface ratio between the years of 2005 and 2015 caused an increase of 3.19℃ in
the land surface temperature in Efeler and İncirliova districts of Aydın
province. Also, it was found that whilst the correlation between land surface
temperature and NDVI was negative, the correlation between land surface
temperature and IMD was positive. As a consequence, this study has made
suggestions to prevent urban heat island (UHI) effect and to mitigate its
negative influences on urban thermal environments in Efeler and İncirliova
districts of Aydın province.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aydın, urban heat island, NDVI, building density, vegetation cover

Kentleşmenin Kentsel Termal Çevre Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Efeler ve İncirliova (Aydın) Örneği

Öz

Kentlerde zaman içinde yapı yoğunluğunun artması ve bitki
yüzeyinin azalması gibi etmenler, kentsel ısı adalarını oluşturmakta ve kentsel
termal çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışma ile
son zamanlarda hızla göç alan ve kentleşmenin yoğun olarak yaşandığı kentlerden
biri olan Aydın ili, Efeler ve İncirliova ilçelerinde yapılaşmaya en çok maruz
kalan merkez mahallelerde, 2005-2015 yılları arasında arazi yüzeyi sıcaklığı
(LST), normalize edilmiş farksal bitki indeksi (NDVI) ve yapı yoğunluğu
arasındaki ilişkiler incelenerek kentleşmenin kentsel termal çevre üzerindeki
etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada LST ve NDVI değerlerinin
hesaplanmasında 24 Temmuz 2005 yılına ait Landsat TM5 ve 20 Temmuz 2015 yılına
ait Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır (USGS, 2018a). Ayrıca, Copernicus
Arazi Gözlem Hizmetlerinin (Copernicus Land Monitoring Service-CLMS, 2018) web
sitesinden elde edilen 2006 ve 2015 yıllarına ait geçirimsizlik derecesi / yapı
yoğunluğu (Imperviousness degree-IMD) haritalarından da yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada,
Aydın ilinin en sıcak ve kurak olduğu Temmuz ayına ait Landsat uydu
görüntülerinin termal bantlarından yüzey sıcaklık modelleri üretilmiş ve bunlar
ile NDVI ve yapı yoğunluğu değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir. Aydın
ili, Efeler ve İncirliova ilçelerinin merkez mahallelerinde 2005-2015 yılları
arasında yapı alanları ile yoğunluğundaki artış ve sağlıklı bitki yüzey oranının
azalması, arazi yüzey sıcaklığında 3.19℃ artışa neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Yüzey sıcaklıkları ile NDVI ve IMD değerleri arasındaki ilişkilerin de
incelendiği çalışmada, yüzey sıcaklıkları ile NDVI değerleri arasındaki
korelasyonun negatif, IMD ile ise pozitif olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Efeler
ve İncirliova ilçeleri merkez mahalleleri örneğinde kentsel ısı adası (UHI) etkisinin
oluşumunun engellenmesi ve kentsel termal çevre üzerinde oluşturduğu olumsuz
etkilerin azaltılabilmesine yönelik önlemler ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aydın, kentsel ısı adası, NDVI, yapı yoğunluğu, bitki örtüsü

Kaynakça

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