Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kentsel Isı Adası ve Açık Yeşil Alan Deseni

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 165 - 175, 29.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51552/peyad.1603123

Öz

Kentsel yeşil alanların varlığı, boyutu ve mekânsal düzenlemeleri, kentsel termal çevrenin dengelenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Birçok araştırma, yeşil alanların soğutma etkisi ile kentlerdeki ısıyı azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmanın amacı açık erişimli veriler yardımıyla Aydın ili Efeler ilçesi örneğinde Kentsel Isı Adası etkisi (KIA) ile açık yeşil alan deseni arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenerek, bu etkinin giderilebilmesine yönelik stratejilerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmada Copernicus Arazi Gözle Servisi’nden ücretsiz olarak temin edilen 2018 Kent Atlası ve USGS’den temin edilen Landsat 9 uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak ArcMap 10.5.1 yazılımında analiz edilmiştir. Landsat 9 verilerinden NDVI ve Arazi Yüzey Sıcaklığı (AYS) hesaplamaları yapılarak yeşil alanların KIA üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Açık yeşil alanların mekânsal özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde FRAGSTATS v4.2.1 yazılımı sınıf düzeyi peyzaj metriklerinden, KIA etkisi ile açık yeşil alanların mekânsal özellikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konmasında ise MatLab yazılımı Spearman Korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, ormanlar ve doğal alanların KIA etkisini hafifletirken, yoğun kentsel ve yapısal alanların bu etkiyi artırdığı ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak gelecek planlama ve tasarım çalışmalarında, daha bağlantılı açık yeşil alanlar ve koridorlar ile orman, su yüzeyleri ve sulak alanların entegrasyonunun, kentsel mikro iklimin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK "2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı”nın 2023 Yılı 1. Dönem Başvurusu kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Atak, B. K., & Tonyaloğlu, E. E. (2020). Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü ve bitki örtüsündeki değişimin arazi yüzey sıcaklığına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi: Aydın ili örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(4), 489-497.
  • Baker, L. A., Brazel, A. T., & Westerhoff, P. (2004). Environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in warm, arid lands: case study of Phoenix, Arizona (USA). WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 72.
  • Berger, C., Rosentreter, J., Voltersen, M., Baumgart, C., Schmullius, C., & Hese, S. (2017). Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between 2D/3D urban site characteristics and land surface temperature. Remote sensing of environment, 193, 225-243.
  • Chen, X. L., Zhao, H. M., Li, P. X., & Yin, Z. Y. (2006). Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes. Remote sensing of environment, 104(2), 133-146.
  • Çetin, H. & Yıldırım, S. (2021). Aydın İli Efeler İlçesi Çevresindeki Jeotermal Alanların Çevresel Etkileri. Türkiye Coğrafya Dergisi, 36(1), 45-60.
  • Donat, M. G., Lowry, A. L., Alexander, L. V., O’Gorman, P. A., & Maher, N. (2016). More extreme precipitation in the world’s dry and wet regions. Nature Climate Change, 6(5), 508-513.
  • Du, H., Cai, W., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., & Cai, Y. (2017). Quantifying the cool island effects of urban green spaces using remote sensing Data. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 27, 24-31.
  • Du, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Qin, F., Jiang, H., & Cai, Y. (2016). Influences of land cover types, meteorological conditions, anthropogenic heat and urban area on surface urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Science of the Total Environment, 571, 461-470.
  • Durack, P. J., Wijffels, S. E., & Matear, R. J. (2012). Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000. science, 336(6080), 455-458.
  • Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: North American edition. sage.
  • Frumkin, H., & McMichael, A. J. (2008). Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting. American journal of preventive medicine, 35(5), 403-410.
  • Kaplan, G., Avdan, U., & Avdan, Z. Y. (2018, March). Urban heat island analysis using the landsat 8 satellite data: A case study in Skopje, Macedonia. In Proceedings (Vol. 2, No. 7, p. 358). MDPI.
  • Li, X., Zhou, Y., Asrar, G. R., Imhoff, M., & Li, X. (2017). The surface urban heat island response to urban expansion: A panel analysis for the conterminous United States. Science of the Total Environment, 605, 426-435.
  • Liu, L., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Cao, J., Wang, D., Xue, P., & Liu, J. (2017). An integrated local climatic evaluation system for green sustainable eco-city construction: A case study in Shenzhen, China. Building and Environment, 114, 82-95.
  • Maimaitiyiming, M., Ghulam, A., Tiyip, T., Pla, F., Latorre-Carmona, P., Halik, Ü., Sawut, M. & Caetano, M. (2014). (2014). Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 89, 59-66.
  • Manteghi, G., bin Limit, H., & Remaz, D. (2015). Water bodies an urban microclimate: A review. Modern Applied Science, 9(6), 1.
  • Oke, T. R. (1973). City size and the urban heat island. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 7(8), 769-779.
  • Peng, S., Feng, Z., Liao, H., Huang, B., Peng, S., & Zhou, T. (2019). Spatial-temporal pattern of, and driving forces for, urban heat island in China. Ecological indicators, 96, 127-132.
  • Sobrino, J. A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., & Paolini, L. (2004). Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5. Remote Sensing of environment, 90(4), 434-440.
  • Song, Y., Song, X., & Shao, G. (2020). Effects of green space patterns on urban thermal environment at multiple spatial–temporal scales. Sustainability, 12(17), 6850.
  • Tomlinson, C. J., Chapman, L., Thornes, J. E., & Baker, C. J. (2011). Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: a case study for Birmingham, UK. International journal of health geographics, 10, 1-14.
  • Tonyaloğlu, E. E. (2019). Kentleşmenin kentsel termal çevre üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, efeler ve İncirliova (Aydın) örneği. Türkiye Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2023. https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Weng, Q. (2009). Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends. ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 64(4), 335-344.
  • Weng, Q., Lu, D., & Schubring, J. (2004). Estimation of land surface temperature–vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies. Remote sensing of Environment, 89(4), 467-483.
  • Wong, N. H., & Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city. Habitat international, 29(3), 547-558.
  • Wong, N. H., Jusuf, S. K., La Win, A. A., Thu, H. K., Negara, T. S., & Xuchao, W. (2007). Environmental study of the impact of greenery in an institutional campus in the tropics. Building and environment, 42(8), 2949-2970.
  • Zhou, W., Wang, J., & Cadenasso, M. L. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195, 1-12.

Urban Heat Island and The Pattern of Open Green Spaces

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 165 - 175, 29.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51552/peyad.1603123

Öz

The presence, size and spatial arrangement of urban green spaces play an important role in stabilising the urban thermal environment. Many studies reveal that green spaces reduce heat in cities through cooling effect. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) and open green space pattern in the case of Efeler district of Aydın province with the help of open access data and to reveal strategies to eliminate this effect. In the study, the 2018 Urban Atlas obtained free of charge from Copernicus Land Observation Service and Landsat 9 satellite images obtained from USGS were analysed in ArcMap 10.5.1 software. NDVI and Land Surface Temperature (LST) were calculated from Landsat 9 data and the effect of green areas on UHI was evaluated. FRAGSTATS v4.2.1 software class level landscape metrics were used to determine the spatial characteristics of open green areas, and MatLab software Spearman Correlation analysis was used to reveal the relationships between UHI effect and spatial characteristics of open green areas. The study revealed that forests and natural areas mitigate the KIA effect, while dense urban and built-up areas increase this effect. As a result, it is thought that the integration of forests, water surfaces and wetlands with more connected open green spaces and corridors in future planning and design studies will contribute to improving the urban microclimate.

Kaynakça

  • Atak, B. K., & Tonyaloğlu, E. E. (2020). Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü ve bitki örtüsündeki değişimin arazi yüzey sıcaklığına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi: Aydın ili örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(4), 489-497.
  • Baker, L. A., Brazel, A. T., & Westerhoff, P. (2004). Environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in warm, arid lands: case study of Phoenix, Arizona (USA). WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 72.
  • Berger, C., Rosentreter, J., Voltersen, M., Baumgart, C., Schmullius, C., & Hese, S. (2017). Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between 2D/3D urban site characteristics and land surface temperature. Remote sensing of environment, 193, 225-243.
  • Chen, X. L., Zhao, H. M., Li, P. X., & Yin, Z. Y. (2006). Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes. Remote sensing of environment, 104(2), 133-146.
  • Çetin, H. & Yıldırım, S. (2021). Aydın İli Efeler İlçesi Çevresindeki Jeotermal Alanların Çevresel Etkileri. Türkiye Coğrafya Dergisi, 36(1), 45-60.
  • Donat, M. G., Lowry, A. L., Alexander, L. V., O’Gorman, P. A., & Maher, N. (2016). More extreme precipitation in the world’s dry and wet regions. Nature Climate Change, 6(5), 508-513.
  • Du, H., Cai, W., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., & Cai, Y. (2017). Quantifying the cool island effects of urban green spaces using remote sensing Data. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 27, 24-31.
  • Du, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Qin, F., Jiang, H., & Cai, Y. (2016). Influences of land cover types, meteorological conditions, anthropogenic heat and urban area on surface urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Science of the Total Environment, 571, 461-470.
  • Durack, P. J., Wijffels, S. E., & Matear, R. J. (2012). Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000. science, 336(6080), 455-458.
  • Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: North American edition. sage.
  • Frumkin, H., & McMichael, A. J. (2008). Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting. American journal of preventive medicine, 35(5), 403-410.
  • Kaplan, G., Avdan, U., & Avdan, Z. Y. (2018, March). Urban heat island analysis using the landsat 8 satellite data: A case study in Skopje, Macedonia. In Proceedings (Vol. 2, No. 7, p. 358). MDPI.
  • Li, X., Zhou, Y., Asrar, G. R., Imhoff, M., & Li, X. (2017). The surface urban heat island response to urban expansion: A panel analysis for the conterminous United States. Science of the Total Environment, 605, 426-435.
  • Liu, L., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Cao, J., Wang, D., Xue, P., & Liu, J. (2017). An integrated local climatic evaluation system for green sustainable eco-city construction: A case study in Shenzhen, China. Building and Environment, 114, 82-95.
  • Maimaitiyiming, M., Ghulam, A., Tiyip, T., Pla, F., Latorre-Carmona, P., Halik, Ü., Sawut, M. & Caetano, M. (2014). (2014). Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 89, 59-66.
  • Manteghi, G., bin Limit, H., & Remaz, D. (2015). Water bodies an urban microclimate: A review. Modern Applied Science, 9(6), 1.
  • Oke, T. R. (1973). City size and the urban heat island. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 7(8), 769-779.
  • Peng, S., Feng, Z., Liao, H., Huang, B., Peng, S., & Zhou, T. (2019). Spatial-temporal pattern of, and driving forces for, urban heat island in China. Ecological indicators, 96, 127-132.
  • Sobrino, J. A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., & Paolini, L. (2004). Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5. Remote Sensing of environment, 90(4), 434-440.
  • Song, Y., Song, X., & Shao, G. (2020). Effects of green space patterns on urban thermal environment at multiple spatial–temporal scales. Sustainability, 12(17), 6850.
  • Tomlinson, C. J., Chapman, L., Thornes, J. E., & Baker, C. J. (2011). Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: a case study for Birmingham, UK. International journal of health geographics, 10, 1-14.
  • Tonyaloğlu, E. E. (2019). Kentleşmenin kentsel termal çevre üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, efeler ve İncirliova (Aydın) örneği. Türkiye Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2023. https://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Weng, Q. (2009). Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends. ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 64(4), 335-344.
  • Weng, Q., Lu, D., & Schubring, J. (2004). Estimation of land surface temperature–vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies. Remote sensing of Environment, 89(4), 467-483.
  • Wong, N. H., & Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city. Habitat international, 29(3), 547-558.
  • Wong, N. H., Jusuf, S. K., La Win, A. A., Thu, H. K., Negara, T. S., & Xuchao, W. (2007). Environmental study of the impact of greenery in an institutional campus in the tropics. Building and environment, 42(8), 2949-2970.
  • Zhou, W., Wang, J., & Cadenasso, M. L. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195, 1-12.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Peyzaj Planlama
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Doğa Oğuz 0009-0009-1033-4534

Ebru Ersoy Tonyaloğlu 0000-0002-2945-3885

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Oğuz, D., & Ersoy Tonyaloğlu, E. (2024). Kentsel Isı Adası ve Açık Yeşil Alan Deseni. Türkiye Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.51552/peyad.1603123