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Algılanan Ebeveyn Şiddeti, Cinsiyetçilik ve Kadına Yönelik Flört Şiddetine İlişkin Tutumlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: Ek 1, 308 - 317, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1168422

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlerinden gördükleri şiddetin ve kadına yönelik cinsiyetçi tutumlarının erkeğin kadına uyguladığı flört şiddetine yönelik tutumları ile ilişkilerini incelemekti. Bu amaçla 18-28 yaş aralığındaki 351 (201’i kadın, 150’si erkek) üniversite öğrencisinden veri toplanmıştır. Katılımcılara Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği ve çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlerinden gördükleri fiziksel ve psikolojik şiddete yönelik soruların yer aldığı bir ölçek bataryası uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların fiziksel, psikolojik ve cinsel flört şiddetine yönelik tutumlarının yordayıcılarını belirlemek için üç ayrı hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yürütülmüştür. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizinin sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların cinsiyeti, psikolojik ve cinsel flört şiddetine yönelik olumlayıcı tutumlarını yordamıştır. Bu bulguya göre, erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik ve cinsel flört şiddetine yönelik tutumları kadın üniversite öğrencilerine kıyasla daha olumludur. Yürütülen analizlerde katılımcıların çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlerinden gördükleri fiziksel şiddet, fiziksel flört şiddetine yönelik olumlayıcı tutumları olumlu yönde yordamıştır. Cinsiyetçi tutumların flört şiddetine yönelik tutumlar ile ilişkisi incelendiğinde, kadına yönelik düşmanca cinsiyetçiliğin psikolojik, fiziksel ve cinsel flört şiddetine yönelik olumlayıcı tutumları; kadına yönelik korumacı cinsiyetçiliğin ise fiziksel flört şiddetine yönelik olumlayıcı tutumları pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak bulgular, kadına yönelik cinsiyetçi tutumların ve çocukluk döneminde görülen ebeveyn şiddetinin flört şiddetine yönelik olumlayıcı tutumlar üzerindeki rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Flört şiddetine yönelik tutumları yordayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi, romantik ilişkilerdeki flört şiddetini önlemeyi amaçlayan müdahale çalışmaları için önemli görünmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abrams G, Tendayi V, Masser B ve Bohner G (2003) Perceptions stranger or acquaintance of rape: The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 111-125.
  • Abramsky T, Watts CH, Moreno CG, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg M, Jansen H, Heise L (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health, 11(1),1-17.
  • Anderson JR, Chen WC, Johnson MD, Lyon SE, Lee CYS, Zheng F, … Peterson FR (2011) Attitudes toward dating violence among college students in mainland China: An exploratory study. Violence and Victims, 26(5), 631-647.
  • Arias I ve Johnson P (1989) Evaluations of physical aggression among intimate dyads. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4, 298–307.
  • Bandura A (1973) Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis.New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bookwala J, Frieze IH, Smith C ve Ryan K (1992) Predictors of dating violence: A multivariate analysis. Violence and victims, 7(4), 297-311.
  • Byers ES ve Eno RJ (1992) Predicting men's sexual coercion and aggression from attitudes, dating history, and sexual response. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 4(3), 55-70.
  • Chan KL, Straus MA, Brownridge DA, Tiwari A ve Leung WC (2008) Prevalence of dating partner violence and suicidal ideation among male and female university students worldwide. Journal Of Midwifery And Women's Health, 53(6), 529-537.
  • Copp JE, Giordano PC, Longmore MA ve Manning WD (2019) The development of attitudes toward intimate partner violence: An examination of key correlates among a sample of young adults. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(7), 1357-1387.
  • Crossman RK, Stith SM ve Bender MM (1990) Sex role egalitarianism and marital violence. Sex Roles, 22(5), 293-304.
  • De Puy J, Hamby SL ve Lindemuth C (2014) Teen dating violence in French-speaking Switzerland: Attitudes and experiences. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV), 8(2), 305-315.
  • Dikmen HA, Özaydin T ve Yılmaz-Dereli S (2018) Üniversitedeki kadın öğrencilerde yaşanan flört şiddeti ile anksiyete ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 170-176.
  • Dosil M, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E ve Sbicigo JB (2020) Teen dating violence, sexism, and resilience: A multivariate analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2652.
  • Eslek D, Kızıltepe R ve Irmak TY (2021) Flört şiddetini anlamak: Nitel bir çalışma. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 24(48), 53-67.
  • Forbes GB, Jung J ve Haas KB (2006) Benevolent sexism and cosmetic use: A replication with three college samples and one adult sample. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(5), 635-640.
  • Foshee VA, Bauman KE ve Linder GF (1999) Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 331-342.
  • Haj-Yahia MM (2003) Beliefs about wife beating among Arab men from Israel: The influence of their patriarchal ideology. Journal of Family Violence, 18(4), 193-206.
  • Gaunt R (2013) Ambivalent sexism and perceptions of men and women who violate gendered family roles. Community, Work & Family, 16:4, 401-406.
  • Glick P ve Fiske TS (1996) The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
  • Glick P ve Fiske ST (2001) An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109- 118.
  • Glick P, Sakallı-Uğurlu N, Ferreira MC ve Souza MA (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 292-297.
  • Hossain MM, Sultana A, Fan Q, Ma P ve Purohit N (2020). Prevalence and determinants of dating violence: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (24.04.2022 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338345195_Prevalence_and_Determinants_of_Dating_Violence_An_Umbrella_Review_of_Systematic_Reviews_and_Meta-analyses adresinden alınmıştır.)
  • Jin X, Eagle M ve Yoshioka M (2007). Early Exposure to Violence in the Family of Origin and Positive Attitudes towards Marital Violence: Chinese Immigrant Male Batterers vs. Controls. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 211–222.
  • Kraus S (1995) Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: Metaanalysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58 –75.
  • Lee MS, Begun S, DePrince AP ve Chu AT (2016) Acceptability of dating violence and expectations of relationship harm among adolescent girls exposed to intimate partner violence. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 8(4), 487-494.
  • Lewis SF ve Fremouw W (2001) Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127.
  • Makepeace JM (1986) Gender differences in courtship violence victimization. Family Relations, 35, 383–388.
  • Meekers D, Pallin SC ve Hutchinson P (2013) Prevalence and correlates of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence in Bolivia. Global Public Health, 8(5), 588-606.
  • Nabors EL, Dietz TL ve Jasinski JL (2006) Domestic violence beliefs and perceptions among college students. Violence and Victims, 21(6), 779-795.
  • Park S ve Kim SH (2018) The power of family and community factors in predicting dating violence: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 40, 19-28.
  • Price EL, Byers ES and the Dating Violence Research Team (1999) The Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scales: Development and Initial Validation. Journal of Family Violence, 14(4) 351-375.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2002) Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17 (49), 47-58.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2003) Cinsiyetçilik: Kadınlara ve erkeklere ilişkin tutumlar ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik kuramı. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 6, 1-20.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N ve Ulu S (2003) Evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumlar: Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, yaş, eğitim ve gelir düzeyinin etkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 6(11-12), 53-65.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2008) Erkeklere ilişkin çelişik duygular ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(21), 1-11.
  • Sakallı N ve Türkoğlu B (2019). Erkek olmak ya da olmamak: sosyal psikolojik açıdan erkeksilik/erkeklik çalışmaları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 22(44), 77-79.
  • Speizer IS (2010) Intimate partner violence attitudes and experience among women and men in Uganda. Journal of interpersonal violence, 25(7), 1224-1241.
  • Simons R ve Johnson C (1998) An examination of competing explanations for the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma (s. 553-570) içinde. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Teten AL, Ball B, Valle LA, Noonan R ve Rosenbluth B (2009) Considerations for the definition, measurement, consequences, and prevention of dating violence victimization among adolescent girls. Journal Of Women’s Health, 18(7), 923-927.
  • White HR ve Widom CS (2003) Intimate partner violence among abused and neglected children in young adulthood: The mediating effects of early aggression, antisocial personality, hostility and alcohol problems. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 332–345.
  • World Health Organization (2010) Preventing inti¬mate partner and sexual violence against women: Taking action and generating evidence. (24.04.2022 tarihinde http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44350/9789241564007_eng.pdf;jsessionid=3BD5636BCD64DA053C8665826E4D69F4?sequence=1 adresinden alınmıştır.)
  • Yoshihama M, Blazevski J ve Bybee D (2014) Enculturation and attitudes toward intimate partner violence and gender roles in an Asian Indian population: Implications for community-based prevention. American journal of community psychology, 53(3), 249-260.

Perceived Parental Violence, Sexism, and Attitudes towards Dating Violence against Women

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: Ek 1, 308 - 317, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1168422

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived parental violence during childhood, sexist attitudes towards women and the attitudes towards dating violence perpetrated by men. For this purpose, data were collected from 351 (201 female, 150 male) university students aged 18-28. A battery of scales including the Attitudes towards Dating Violence Scale, Ambivalent Sexism Scale, and questions about physical and psychological violence from their parents during childhood were administered to the participants. Three hierarchical regression analyzes were conducted to determine the predictors of participants' attitudes towards physical, psychological and sexual dating violence. According to the results of the hierarchical regression analysis, gender predicted positive attitudes towards psychological and sexual dating violence. According to this finding, male university students' attitudes towards psychological and sexual dating violence are more positive than female university students. In the analyzes conducted, the physical violence that the participants experienced from their parents during their childhood positively predicted the positive attitudes towards physical dating violence. When the relationship between sexist attitudes and attitudes towards dating violence is examined, hostile sexism towards women positively predicted positive attitudes towards psychological, physical and sexual dating violence. On the other hand, benevolent sexism towards women positively predicted positive attitudes towards physical dating violence. In conclusion, the findings remark to the role of sexist attitudes towards women and perceived parental violence in childhood on positive attitudes towards dating violence. Determining the variables that predict attitudes towards dating violence seems important for intervention studies aiming to prevent dating violence in romantic relationships.

Kaynakça

  • Abrams G, Tendayi V, Masser B ve Bohner G (2003) Perceptions stranger or acquaintance of rape: The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 111-125.
  • Abramsky T, Watts CH, Moreno CG, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg M, Jansen H, Heise L (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health, 11(1),1-17.
  • Anderson JR, Chen WC, Johnson MD, Lyon SE, Lee CYS, Zheng F, … Peterson FR (2011) Attitudes toward dating violence among college students in mainland China: An exploratory study. Violence and Victims, 26(5), 631-647.
  • Arias I ve Johnson P (1989) Evaluations of physical aggression among intimate dyads. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4, 298–307.
  • Bandura A (1973) Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis.New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bookwala J, Frieze IH, Smith C ve Ryan K (1992) Predictors of dating violence: A multivariate analysis. Violence and victims, 7(4), 297-311.
  • Byers ES ve Eno RJ (1992) Predicting men's sexual coercion and aggression from attitudes, dating history, and sexual response. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 4(3), 55-70.
  • Chan KL, Straus MA, Brownridge DA, Tiwari A ve Leung WC (2008) Prevalence of dating partner violence and suicidal ideation among male and female university students worldwide. Journal Of Midwifery And Women's Health, 53(6), 529-537.
  • Copp JE, Giordano PC, Longmore MA ve Manning WD (2019) The development of attitudes toward intimate partner violence: An examination of key correlates among a sample of young adults. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(7), 1357-1387.
  • Crossman RK, Stith SM ve Bender MM (1990) Sex role egalitarianism and marital violence. Sex Roles, 22(5), 293-304.
  • De Puy J, Hamby SL ve Lindemuth C (2014) Teen dating violence in French-speaking Switzerland: Attitudes and experiences. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV), 8(2), 305-315.
  • Dikmen HA, Özaydin T ve Yılmaz-Dereli S (2018) Üniversitedeki kadın öğrencilerde yaşanan flört şiddeti ile anksiyete ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 170-176.
  • Dosil M, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E ve Sbicigo JB (2020) Teen dating violence, sexism, and resilience: A multivariate analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2652.
  • Eslek D, Kızıltepe R ve Irmak TY (2021) Flört şiddetini anlamak: Nitel bir çalışma. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 24(48), 53-67.
  • Forbes GB, Jung J ve Haas KB (2006) Benevolent sexism and cosmetic use: A replication with three college samples and one adult sample. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(5), 635-640.
  • Foshee VA, Bauman KE ve Linder GF (1999) Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 331-342.
  • Haj-Yahia MM (2003) Beliefs about wife beating among Arab men from Israel: The influence of their patriarchal ideology. Journal of Family Violence, 18(4), 193-206.
  • Gaunt R (2013) Ambivalent sexism and perceptions of men and women who violate gendered family roles. Community, Work & Family, 16:4, 401-406.
  • Glick P ve Fiske TS (1996) The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
  • Glick P ve Fiske ST (2001) An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109- 118.
  • Glick P, Sakallı-Uğurlu N, Ferreira MC ve Souza MA (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 292-297.
  • Hossain MM, Sultana A, Fan Q, Ma P ve Purohit N (2020). Prevalence and determinants of dating violence: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (24.04.2022 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338345195_Prevalence_and_Determinants_of_Dating_Violence_An_Umbrella_Review_of_Systematic_Reviews_and_Meta-analyses adresinden alınmıştır.)
  • Jin X, Eagle M ve Yoshioka M (2007). Early Exposure to Violence in the Family of Origin and Positive Attitudes towards Marital Violence: Chinese Immigrant Male Batterers vs. Controls. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 211–222.
  • Kraus S (1995) Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: Metaanalysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58 –75.
  • Lee MS, Begun S, DePrince AP ve Chu AT (2016) Acceptability of dating violence and expectations of relationship harm among adolescent girls exposed to intimate partner violence. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 8(4), 487-494.
  • Lewis SF ve Fremouw W (2001) Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127.
  • Makepeace JM (1986) Gender differences in courtship violence victimization. Family Relations, 35, 383–388.
  • Meekers D, Pallin SC ve Hutchinson P (2013) Prevalence and correlates of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence in Bolivia. Global Public Health, 8(5), 588-606.
  • Nabors EL, Dietz TL ve Jasinski JL (2006) Domestic violence beliefs and perceptions among college students. Violence and Victims, 21(6), 779-795.
  • Park S ve Kim SH (2018) The power of family and community factors in predicting dating violence: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 40, 19-28.
  • Price EL, Byers ES and the Dating Violence Research Team (1999) The Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scales: Development and Initial Validation. Journal of Family Violence, 14(4) 351-375.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2002) Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17 (49), 47-58.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2003) Cinsiyetçilik: Kadınlara ve erkeklere ilişkin tutumlar ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik kuramı. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 6, 1-20.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N ve Ulu S (2003) Evlilikte kadına yönelik şiddete ilişkin tutumlar: Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, yaş, eğitim ve gelir düzeyinin etkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 6(11-12), 53-65.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu N (2008) Erkeklere ilişkin çelişik duygular ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(21), 1-11.
  • Sakallı N ve Türkoğlu B (2019). Erkek olmak ya da olmamak: sosyal psikolojik açıdan erkeksilik/erkeklik çalışmaları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 22(44), 77-79.
  • Speizer IS (2010) Intimate partner violence attitudes and experience among women and men in Uganda. Journal of interpersonal violence, 25(7), 1224-1241.
  • Simons R ve Johnson C (1998) An examination of competing explanations for the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma (s. 553-570) içinde. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Teten AL, Ball B, Valle LA, Noonan R ve Rosenbluth B (2009) Considerations for the definition, measurement, consequences, and prevention of dating violence victimization among adolescent girls. Journal Of Women’s Health, 18(7), 923-927.
  • White HR ve Widom CS (2003) Intimate partner violence among abused and neglected children in young adulthood: The mediating effects of early aggression, antisocial personality, hostility and alcohol problems. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 332–345.
  • World Health Organization (2010) Preventing inti¬mate partner and sexual violence against women: Taking action and generating evidence. (24.04.2022 tarihinde http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44350/9789241564007_eng.pdf;jsessionid=3BD5636BCD64DA053C8665826E4D69F4?sequence=1 adresinden alınmıştır.)
  • Yoshihama M, Blazevski J ve Bybee D (2014) Enculturation and attitudes toward intimate partner violence and gender roles in an Asian Indian population: Implications for community-based prevention. American journal of community psychology, 53(3), 249-260.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Özge Ünal 0000-0002-5660-2671

Gamze Er Vargün 0000-0002-1396-5528

Serap Akgün 0000-0002-6733-6188

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: Ek 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Ünal Ö, Er Vargün G, Akgün S. Perceived Parental Violence, Sexism, and Attitudes towards Dating Violence against Women. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Aralık 2022;14(Ek 1):308-317. doi:10.18863/pgy.1168422

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.