Apollon ’un Stephanephorosluğu ve Kraliçe Apama’ya İlişkin Miletos Kararnamesi : I.Didyma 480’in Tarihi Çerçevesi

Öz

Ipsos Savaşı’ndan (MÖ 301) kısa bir süre sonra Miletoslular, Didyma’daki Apollon tapınağını onarma ve orada bir stoa inşa etme sözü verdikleri için kral I. Seleukos, oğlu Antiokhos ve eşi kraliçe Apama’yı bir şükran nişanesi olarak onurlandırmışlardır. Antiokhos ve Apama’nın onuruna alınan kararnameler (I.Didyma 479–480) büyük oranda korunmuştur. Kraliçeyi onurlandıran yazıt her üç onurlandırmayı tarihi çerçeveye oturtmak için kilit rolü konumundadır. Burada kraliçenin heykeli için gerekli para miktarının kentin mali yetkilileri (anataktai) tarafından Apollon’un stephanephorosluğu zamanında temin edilmesi gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Yazıtın kabul gören edisyonunda Albert Rehm bu stephanephorosluğu MÖ 299/8 yılına tarihlemiş, ancak bunun kararname için bir terminus ante quem oluşturduğunu görememiştir. Miletoslular’un yaşadıkları istisnai mali dar boğaz, Antiokhos’un atlı heykelinin yapımının muhtemelen MÖ 300 sonbaharından MÖ 299 baharına ertelenmesine yol açmış olmalıdır. Zaman çizelgesinde yapılan bu küçük düzeltme bizi Diadokhlar dönemindeki hanedanlık tarihinin diğer yönlerini yeniden gözden geçirmeye davet etmektedir. Seleukos’un I. Demetrios’un kızı Stratonike ile MÖ 300 yılında gerçekleşen evliliği, çok eşli bir sarayda ilk eş (haseki) olan Apama’nın Miletoslular tarafından onurlandırılması hususunda yaygın görüşün aksine bir terminus ante quem değil, daha çok bir terminus a quo oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü bu evlilik Ipsos Savaşı’nın ardından Demetrios ile Seleukos arasındaki mutabakatı mühürlemiştir. Seleukos’un Miletos’a vaatettiği hayırseverlik kralın Demetrios ile Rhosos’ta başlattığı ortak barış girişimi bağlamında görülmelidir. Bu durum Rodoslu Nikagoras’ın iki kral adına Ephesos’a yaptığı elçilikte de yankı bulmaktadır (I.Ephesos V 1453). Bu bağlamda Miletoslu elçiler Seleukos sarayına davet edilmiş, orada hayır vaatlerinde bulunmuş ve hemşehrilerinin girişte bahsi geçen onurlandırdırmalarla karşılık vermelerini sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Miletos
• Apollon’un stephanephorosluğu
• I. Seleukos
• Apama
• I. Antiokhos

The Stephanephorate of Apollo and the Historical Context of the Milesian Decree for Queen Apama (I.Didyma 480)

Abstract

Soon after the Battle of Ipsos (301 BCE), the Milesians honoured king Seleukos I, his son Antiochos (I), and his wife, queen Apama, in gratitude for promising to rebuild the Apollo temple at Didyma and erecting a stoa. The decrees for Antiochos (I.Didyma 479) and Apama (I.Didyma 480) are largely extant, and the latter provides the chronological anchor for all three honours. It mentions Apollo as , under whom the fi-nancial officials (anataktai) were to procure the funds for the queen’s statue. In the standard edition of the text, Albert Rehm identified this stephanephorate with the year 299/8 BCE, but failed to see that it rather constitutes a terminus ante quem for the decree. The exceptional financial strain on the Milesians may already have resulted in postponing the order of the equestrian statue of Antiochos from perhaps fall 300 BCE to spring 299 BCE. This slightly adjusted timeline invites us to reconsider other aspects of dynastic history under the Diadochs. Contrary to the common opinion, the wedding of Seleukos and Stratonike, the daughter of Demetrios I, in 300 BCE does not constitute a terminus ante quem for honouring Apama, the first wife at a polygamous court, but rather a terminus a quo, since it sealed the reconciliation with Demetrios after the Battle of Ipsos. The Seleukid benefaction should be viewed within the context of a joint peace initiative that Demetrios and Seleukos started from Rhosos. It is also reflected in the mission of Nikagoras of Rhodes to Ephesos (I.Ephesos V 1453). In this context, the Milesian embassy was invited to the Seleukid court, offered the benefactions, and had their fellow citizens respond with three honorific decrees.

Keywords

• Miletos
• stephanephorate of Apollo
• Seleukos I
• Apama
• Antiochos I
• Apollon’un stephanephorosluğu
• I. Seleukos
• I. Antiokhos

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