Attalos I ve Pessinus’un Fethi. I.Pessinus 1 Hakkında Değerlendirme

Öz

Pessinus’taki Kybele Agdistis tapınak devleti denli geniş ve muhtelif içerikli edebi, epigrafik ve nü-mizmatik geleneğe sahip olmakla Antik Dünya’nın sadece birkaç tapınağı övünebilir. Hal böyleyken kaynaklardaki tutarsızlık veya boşluklar kült merkezinin tarihçesi hakkında sayısız tar-tışmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Özellikle Tanrıça’nın göktaşı hakkında Roma tarafından İ.Ö. 205/4 yılında yürütülen incelemeye dair Livius’un detaylı anlatımı (Liv. 29.10.4–29.11.8, 29.14.5–14) daha sonraki dönemlerin bir uydurması olarak çoğu kez reddedilmektedir. Bu yön-deki önemli bir veri Livius’a göre Roma sefaretine rehberlik eden Pergamon Kralı Attalos I.’in o sırada Doğu Phrygia’ya henüz girmemiş olmasıdır. Her ne kadar kronolojik dizgeler açısından belirsiz kalsa da Strabon’un aktarımıyla (12.5.3) Pessinus’un idaredeki rahibi Attis’e hitaben kaleme alınan ve yaygın görüşe göre İ.Ö. 163/156 yılına tarihlenen birkaç kraliyet mektubu, Pergamon krallarıyla tapınak arasındaki yakın ikişkiyi belgelemektedir.  Bununla birlikte Christian Mi-leta (2010), I.Pessinus 1’in “Pessongoi”un İ.Ö. 207 yılındaki fethi sırasında Kral Attalos I’in kendi askeri görevlilerine gönderdiği talimatları içeren mektubu olduğunu ikna edici bir şekilde göster-miştir. Mektupta geçen “Pessongoi”u Pessinus ile özdeşleştirmemek yönündeki her girişim başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmış ve Mileta’nın daha erken bir tarihleme için sunduğu argüman mektup ve muhatabı üzerine bu makalede yapılan detaylı bir incelemeyle daha da güçlenmiştir. Bu yolla İ.Ö. 3. yüzyılın sonunda Gallos Vadisi’nde ne olduğunu anlayabilmek için çok daha iyi bir konuma sahip olunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• I.Pessinus 1,Pessongoi,Kybele Agdistis,Attalos I,Galatlar,Gallos Vadisi

Attalos I and the Conquest of Pessinus. I.Pessinus 1 Reconsidered

Abstract

Only very few sanctuaries of the ancient world can boast such a broad and diverse lite-rary, epigraphic and numismatic tradition as the temple state of Kybele Agdistis in Pessinus. And yet, inconsistencies or lacunae in the sources have resulted in countless controversies on the history of the cult place. In particular, the most detailed account of the Roman quest for the sacred meteorite of the goddess in 205/4 BC (Livy 29.10.4–29.11.8; 29.14.5–14) has often been rejected as later fabrication. An impor-tant argument is that King Attalos I of Pergamon, the guide of the Roman embassy according to Livy, did not yet have access to Eastern Phrygia at the time. The close re-lation between the Attalid kings and the sanctuary is attested by Strabo (12.5.3), who remains unspecific in chronological terms though, and through a number of royal let-ters addressing Attis, the ruling priest of Pessinus, which have traditionally been da-ted to 163/156 BC. However, Christian Mileta (2010) has convincingly shown that I.Pessinus 1 should rather be identified as a letter by King Attalos I to one of his own military officials, providing instructions for the conquest of “Pessongoi” in 207 BC. All attempts at not identifying this place with Pessinus have failed, and Mileta’s ar-gument for the high date can be further enhanced by a closer study of the letter and its addressee. This way, we shall be in a much better position to understand what happened in the Gallos Valley at the end of the 3rd century BC.

Keywords

• I.Pessinus 1,Pessongoi,Kybele Agdistis,Attalos I,Galatians,Gallos Valley

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