Bithynia ve Pontos’ta Grup ve Dernekler’in Yerel Siyasetçi ve Eyalet Valileriyle İletişimleri

Öz

Bithynia ve Pontos kentlerinde birçok dini ve mesleki dernek belgelenmiştir. Bunların, kentlerinde önem­­li bir siyasi faktör oluşturdukları bilinmektedir. Bazı derneklerin kentlerde yerel yöneticiler ve vali gi­bi Romalı yöneticiler ile ilişki içine girdikleri ve bu kişileri onurlandırdıkları görülmektedir. Pli­nius’un mektuplaşmaları da Roma Dönemi Bithynia ve Pontos’undaki özel derneklerin, kentlerdeki ye­rel toplum içersinde kayda değer ölçüde önemli güçler ve buna bağlı olarak da eyalet yöneticileri için  bir itina ve ilgi meselesi olarak düşünüldüğüne işaret eder. Ancak bu resmi olmayan tüzel kişiler böyle bir öneme nasıl ulaşmışlardı? Bu onurlandırmaların arkasında yatan sebepleri irdeleyen yazar Bithynia-Pon­tos dernekleri ile yerel ve Romalı yöneticiler arasında söz konusu olan ilişkilere yoğunlaşmak sure­tiyle bu probleme eğilmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bir yandan kentteki söz sahibi kişilerin kazanılması dernek­lerin statüsünü yükseltmekte, onların çeşitli imtiyazlar elde etmesini kolaylaştırmakta ve dernek­lere res­men liderlik ve bir üstünlük kazandırmaktaydılar. Diğer yandan yerel siyasetçiler de bu dernek­lerin des­teğiy­le resmi onurlar elde etmekte ve hedefledikleri siyasi amaçlara daha kolay ulaşa­bilmekteydiler. Bithy­niarchai ve eyalet valilerinin de Roma imparatoru için dikilen onurlandırma ya da adak anıtlarının in­şa­sında söz konusu bu özel derneklerle işbirliği içerisine girdikleri görülmektedir. Eşraf tabakanın elin­de tutuğu kent kurumları vasıtasıyla değil de, eşraftan seçkin üye­lerle gerçekleşen bu türden bir kişi­sel ilişki toplum yaşamının temel taşı olan euergesia sisteminin düzgün bir şekilde deva­mını sağlamakla bir­likte, derneklere, önemli politik figürler haline gelerek kendi micro-toplumlarının imparatorluk içe­ri­sin­deki yerini belirleyen siyasi hayata iştirak etme olanağını da sağla­mıştır. Öte yandan, yapı itibariyle değiş­ken ve hizipçi politik çevre içerisinde, politikacıları doğrudan halka danışmaya teşvik eden ısrarcı demo­kratik karakter ve derneklerin önemli devlet adamlarına bağlanması anlaşmazlık zamanlarında bir nevi seferber olma aracı olarak da işlev görebilmekteydi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bithynia,Pontos,dernekler,kent elitleri,euergesia,kişisel ilişki,patronluk

Groups and Associations in Bithynia and Pontus: Interaction with prominent Statesmen and provincial Governors

Öz

Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private associations in Roman Bithynia and Pon­tus were considered forces of considerable significance in the local civic societies and conse­quently a matter of care and concern for the provincial authorities. But how could these non-official corporate bodies acquire such an importance? The present paper proposes to deal with this problem by focusing on the relations cultivated between Bithynian-Pontic associations and specific individuals possessing high status at a local or regional level. The epigraphic evidence indicates that local statesmen provided formal leadership and external championship to associations and received public honours from them. Bithyniarchai and provincial governors even collaborated with indi­vi­dual associations in the construction of monuments honouring, or dedicated to, the Roman em­peror. This sort of personalized interaction with specific members of the elite enabled asso­ciat­ions to advertise themselves as the favourites of important political figures and through their cont­ri­bution to the imperial monuments to participate in a common political discourse which placed their own micro-communities in an empire-wide context. On the other hand, in a struc­turally fac­tionalist political environment, the persistently democratic character of which en­couraged politic­ians to appeal directly to the people, the associations’ affiliation to prominent statesmen could also func­tion as vehicle of mobilization in time of conflict.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bithynia,Pontos,associations,city elites,euergetism,personalized interaction,patronage

Kaynakça

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