Harpaliani. Roma Kolonisi Philippi’de Yeni Bir Köy

Öz

İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde colonia statüsüne sahip Doğu Makedonia kenti Philippi’nin 9 km batısında Ka­lamonas Köyü yakınlarında İ.S. 2. Yy.da Latince kaleme alınmış bir mezar sunağı ele geçmiştir. Mezar sahibi Bacchanius Bizes mensup olduğu Harpaliani köy sakinlerine 250 denaria miktarında bir meblağ bırakarak bu ana paranın faizinden Rosalia Bayramı’nda her yıl kendisi için bir şölen yapıl­ma­sını ve şölene katılanların hamamda eğlenmesini buyurmuştur. Ölü kültü ile bağlantısı olan ve ilk­baharda kutlanan Rosalia Bayramı başka birçok yazıtta da belgelenmiştir. Yazar yazıtın bazı özelliklerine değindikten sonra Harpaliani Köyü hakkında bazı düşüncelerini sun­maktadır. Köy ismi Makedonia kökenli Harpalos şahıs isminden türetilmiştir. Olasılıkla II. Philippos veya ardılları bu bölgede bulunan geniş bir araziyi, kendilerine hizmet eden Harpalos adında bir şahısa devretmişlerdi. Philippi kentinin colonia statüsüne kavuştuğu İ.Ö. 42 yılında veya sonrasında bu arazi bir köy statüsüne kavuşmuştur. Büyük ölçüde Thrak kökenli olan bölge sakinleri kısmen Latinceyi ka­bul etmişler ve köyün ismini de Latinceleştirmişlerdir. Mezar sahibi de Roma vatandaşlığına sahip olan Thrak kökenli bir şahıs idi. İsmini Doğu Thrakia’da konumlanan Vize kentinden almıştır. Makaleye konu olan mezar yazıtının çevrisi şöyledir:

Bacchanius Bizes henüz hayattayken Harpaliani’ye 250 denarii miras olarak bıraktı. Onun gelirlerinden meza­rında yıllık bir kurban kesilmesi [ve] Rosalia bayramlarında bir şölen yapılması ve ayrıca balneum’da eğlenmesi sağlanmalıdır. Eğer bu şartlar yerine getirilmezse, para, Iupiter Optimus Maxi­mus’un kült der­neğinin yeni üyelerinin derneğine verilmelidir. Calpurnia Kleopatra bu mezarın yapı­mıyla ilgi­len­me­lidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Philippi,Harpaliani,Mezar Yazıtı,Rosalia,Bacchanius Bizes,Calpurnia Cleopatra

HARPALIANI: A new Village of the Roman Colony of Philippi

Öz

First edition and historical commentary of an inscription inscribed at the front surface of a funerary altar dated to AD 2nd cent. The altar was found in the modern village of Kalamonas 9 km to the west of the Roman colony of Philippi. According to the text, which consists of excerpts of a testament, a certain Bacchanius Bizes left a bequest of two hun­dred and fifty denarii to the in­habitants of an otherwise unknown village (vicus) of the colony called Harpaliani. From the reve­nues of the bequest the latter were to provide an annual sacrifice on the deceased’s monument, a feast on the day of the Festival of Roses (Rosis), and also to enjoy the balneum (gymnasium), a detail which is attested for the first time in inscriptions with similar testaments found in Philippi and its vici. If in any year these conditions were not fulfilled, then the money was to go to the members of the cult association of Jupiter Optimus Maximus residing in Philippi. Harpaliani is a new ethno­nym derived obviously from the Greek name Harpalos. On this ground a hypothesis is suggested as to its history: the site of the village would be in the Hellenistic age a planta­tion belonging to a Mace­donian Companion named Harpalos, on a piece of land given him by a king in the district of Kala­monas, after the fall of the Macedonian dynasty the plantation and its occupants would have be­come a village, which finally had been mi­grated into the territorium of the Roman colony of Philippi (42 BC).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Philippi,Harpaliani,funerary inscription,Rosalia,Bacchanius Bizes,Calpurnia Cleopatra

Kaynakça

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