İÖ. 3. Yüzyılda Küçük Asya’da Komutan olarak görev yapan Ptolemaios’lar ve İkinci ve Üçüncü Suriye Savaşları sırasında Ephesos ve Mylasa’ya bir Bakış

Yıl 2016, Cilt: Suppl. 1, 211 - 233, 31.08.2016

Altay Coşkun

Öz

Ptolemaios II Philadelphos ve Ptolemaios III
Euergetes’in hükümdarlıkları sırasında, pek çok kaynak aynı isimli kişilerin
Küçük Asya’nın batısında seçkin mevkilerde iş başında olduğunu göstermektedir.
Bu bağlamda, bilim insanları günümüze dek çoğunlukla Ptolemaios’lar
Hanedanlı’ğının önde gelen iki ya da tek bir temsilcisini tespit
edebilmişlerdir. Yaygın görüş onu, Lysimakhos ve II. Arsione’nin oğlu ve aynı
zamanda II. Ptolemaios’un evlatlığı ve halefi olarak tayin edilmiş olan
Ptolemaios olarak kabul et­mek­tedir. Bu kişinin, İÖ. 259 yılında isyan etmeden
önce İÖ. 260’lı yıllarda Ege donanmasında Pto­lemaios’ların başkumandanı olarak
görev yaptığına ve üvey babası tarafından affedildikten sonra İÖ. 246’da
Euergetes tarafından geri çağrılıncaya dek Telmessos’ta bir prensliğe
çekildiğine inanılmaktadır. Onun, Mylasa vatandaşları ile yerel dynast
Olympikhos arasında yak. İÖ. 244 yılındaki mektuplaş­ma­lar­da bahsi geçen
“Kardeş Ptolemaios” olduğu eğilimi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Athenaios’un
bildirdiğine göre, “Oğul Ptolemaios”, tıpkı “Andromakhos olarak da bilinen
Ptolemaios” gibi (P. Haun. 6) Ephe­sos’ta öldürülmüştür. Eğer bu eşleştirme
gerçekten de doğruysa, cinayet Telmessos’taki Ptolemaios’un yak. İÖ. 239
yılında son defa belgelenmesinin ardından gerçekleşmiştir. Yazar, bu
makalesinde bu ve benzeri kurgulamaları masaya yatırmakta
ve barındırdıkları sayısız anormallik ve tutarsızlıklara dikkat çeke­rek onları
kesin olarak reddetmektedir. II. Antiokhos, Antiokhos Hieraks ve II. Seleukos
döne­min­de Seleukoslar ve Ptolamioslar arasında karşılıklı ilişkilerden
yaptığı çok daha sağlam temeller üzerine otur­muş kurgulamalara dayanarak
yazar, aynı ismi taşıyan bu dört kişiyi birbirinden ayırmaktadır. Buna göre,
ilk Ptolemaios Lysimakhos ve II. Arsinoe’nin oğlu olup İÖ. 270’li yıllarda
kaynaklardan kaybol­muştur. İkincisi, yani “Oğul Ptolemaios” I. Arsione’nin
oğlu ve Euergetes’in öz kardeşi olup II. An­tiokhos 258 yılında Ephesos’u ele
geçirmek üzereyken kentte çıkan bir isyan sırasında ölmüştür. Üçün­cüsü, yani “Ptolemaios
epiklesin Andromakhos”, Philadelphos’un öz oğluydu ve bu yüzden Euer­ge­tes’in
kardeşi Ptolemaios ile özdeşti ve Andromakhos oğlu, İÖ. 251 yılında
İskenderiye’de Alek­sand­ros ve Theoi Adelphoi’un rahibi Ptolemaios’un ise
babasıydı. O da İ.S. 244 yılından bir süre sonra Ephe­sos’ta öldü. Dördüncüsü,
“Telmessos’taki Ptolemaios” ise Philadelphos ve I. Arsione’nin bir diğer oğ­luy­du
ve Theokritos’a göre II. Arsinoe tarafından evlat edinilmişti. Yazar, yaptığı
bu yeni özdeş­leş­tir­melerle hem İÖ. 3. yüzyılda yaşanan güç değişimleri ve
büyük olaylara hem de Seleukos ve Pto­lemaios Hanedanlıklarının tarihine dair
yaptığı yeni kurgulamaları büyük ölçüde pekiştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ptolemaios’lar, Seleukos’lar, Küçük Asya, Ephesos, Telmessos

Ptolemaioi as Commanders in 3rd-Century Asia Minor and Some Glimpses on Ephesos and Mylasa during the Second and Third Syrian Wars

Öz

During the rules of Ptolemy II Philadelphos and
Ptolemy III Euergetes, several sources attest namesakes operating in western
Asia Minor in distinguished positions. On this basis, scho­lars have so far
identified mostly two or even one single prominent representative(s) of the
House of the Ptolemies. The prevailing unitarian reconstruction regards him as
Ptolemy, son of Lysi­machos and Arsinoe II, and at the same time as the
adoptive son and designated successor of Pto­lemy II, he is believed to have
functioned as Ptolemaic commander-in-chief of the Aegean fleet in the 260s BC,
before revolting in Ephesos in 259, pardoned by his adoptive father, he would
have retired to a principality in Telmessos until his recall by Euergetes in
246. He tends to be identified with ‘Ptolemy the Brother’ mentioned in the
correspondence between the local dynast Olympichos and the citizens of Mylasa
in ca. 244. ‘Ptolemy the Son’ is reported to have been killed in Ephesos by
Athenaios, just as a certain ‘Ptolemy epiklesin Andromachos’ (P. Haun. 6). If
indeed identical, his murder occurred after the last attestation of ‘Ptolemy of
Telmessos’ in ca. 239. This and similar reconstructions have always been
fraught with numerous inconsistencies and anomalies, but can now firmly be
rejected based on more reliable reconstructions of Seleukid-Ptolemaic interactions
under Antiochos II, Antiochos Hierax and Seleukos II. As a result, we should
distinguish four namesakes: first, Ptolemy, son of Arsinoe II and Lysimachos,
who vanished from our sources in the 270s. Second, ‘Ptolemy the Son’, born to
Arsinoe I and full brother of Euergetes, who died in a revolt in Ephesos while
Antiochos II was about to capture the city in 258. Third, ‘Ptolemy epi­klesin
Andromachos’ was a natural son of Philadelphos, thus identical with ‘Ptolemy
the Brot­her’ of Euergetes, he was the father of Ptolemy, son of Andromachos
and priest of Alexander and the Theoi Adelphoi in Alexandria 251/50, he also
died in Ephesos sometime after 244. Fourth, ‘Ptolemy of Telmessos’ was another
son of Philadelphos and Arsinoe I, later adopted by Arsinoe II, as attested by
Theokritos. These new identifications substantially impact our reconstruction
of major events and changes of power in 3rd-century Asia Minor as well as of
the dynastic histories of the Seleukids and Ptolemies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ptolemies, Seleukids, Asia Minor, Ephesos, Telmessos

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