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Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6, 85 - 92, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.36991/PHILIA.202007

Öz

An altar copied by Jeanne and Louis Robert in Teos in 1955 bears the names of three deified Ptolemaic queens and of a living queen Cleopatra. In his editio princeps the present author suggested that the living queen was Cleopatra VII, the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt. This identification is now supported by a further altar discovered during excavations at Teos in 2013. The new altar, similar to the former in form and subject, was erected by L. Munatius Apollonius for several deified Ptolemaic kings and a living king Ptolemy. The dedicant’s Roman citizenship is likely to go back to L. Munatius Plancus, a close supporter of Antony, who governed Asia in the late forties BC. Therefore the living king Ptolemy mentioned in the new altar can only be Ptolemy XV Caesarion, son of Cleopatra VII from a possible liaison with Caesar, and co-ruler of Egypt since 37/36 BC. Both altars were probably erected c. 33/32 BC, when Cleopatra and Caesarion visited Ionia alongside Antony before the battle of Actium. The author offers an edition of both dedications and deals with the relationship of L. Munatius Plancus to Antony and Cleopatra.

Teşekkür

I am grateful to Prof. Mustafa Kadıoğlu, Director of the Teos excavations, for permission to publish both pho-tographs of both inscriptions to be discussed here, to Prof. Mustafa Adak for generously allowing me to use the materials he has collected on the inscriptions and for manifold help and advice, and to Glen Bowersock as always for his comments.

Kaynakça

  • Adak 2014 M. Adak, Epigrafik Araştırmalar in: M. Kadıoğlu et al., 2012–2013 Teos Kazı Çalışmaları (3.– 4. Sezon), AST 36.3, 2014, 443–447.
  • Bingen 1995 J. Bingen, Les Ordonnances royales C. Ord. Ptol. 75–76 (Héracléopolis, 41 avant J.-C.), Chronique d’Égypte 70, 1995, 206–222.
  • Bingen 1999a J. Bingen, Cléopâtre VII Philopatris, Chronique d’Égypte 74, 1999, 118–123.
  • Bingen 1999b J. Bingen, La Politique dynastique de Cléopâtre VII, CRAI 1999, 49–66.
  • Bingen 2007 J. Bingen, ed. R. Bagnall, Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Cul-ture, Berkeley 2007.
  • Bürcklein 1879 A. Bürcklein, Quellen zur Chronologie der römisch-parthischen Feldzüge, diss. Leipzig, Berlin 1879.
  • Corp. Ord. Ptol. M.-Th. Lenger, ed., Corpus des Ordonnances des Ptolémées, Académie Royale de Belgique, Mémoires de la Classe des Lettres, Collection in-8o, 2e Série, LXIV, 2, Brus-sels 1980.
  • Crawford 2001 Μ. Η. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage 2, 2 vols., London and New York 2001.
  • Ferrary 1997 J.-L. Ferrary, De l’Évergétisme hellénistique à l’Évergetisme romain, in Actes du Xe Congrès d’Épigraphie grecque et latine, Nîmes, 4–9 octobre, 1992, 199–225, Paris 1997.
  • Fraser 1957 P. M. Fraser, Mark Antony in Alexandria – A Note, JRS 47, 1957, 71–73.
  • Heinen 1969 H. Heinen, Cäsar und Kaisarion, Historia 18, 1969, 181– 203.
  • Herrmann 2000 P. Herrmann, Eine berühmte Familie in Teos. Epigraphische Nachlese, in Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens und des ägäischen Bereiches. Festschrift für Baki Öğün zum 75. Geburtstag, Bonn 2000, 87–95 (reprinted in: Kleinasien im Spiegel epigraphi-scher Zeugnisse. Ausgewählte kleine Schriften, Berlin and Boston 2016, 521–532).
  • Jones 2011 C. P. Jones, Cleopatra VII in Teos?, Chiron 41, 2011, 41–53.
  • Jones 2016 C. P. Jones,, An Inscription from Iasos and Ovid’s last Poems, ZPE 200, 2016, 122–132.
  • MRR T. R. S. Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, 2 vols., New York, 1951.
  • Nisbet – Hubbard 1970 R. G. M. Nisbet and M. Hubbard, A Commentary on Horace: Odes I, Oxford 1970.
  • PIR A. Groag and others, Prosopographia Imperii Romani, Berlin and Leipzig, 1933–2015.
  • PP VI W. Peremans and others, Prosopographia Ptolemaica VI: La Cour, Les Relations internati-onales et les Possessions extérieures, La Vie culturelle, Studia Hellenistica 17, Louvain 1968.
  • Samuel 1962 A. E. Samuel, Ptolemaic Chronology, Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung 43, Munich 1962.
  • Pelling 1988 C. B. R. Pelling, Plutarch: Life of Antony, Cambridge, Eng. 1988.
  • Shackleton-Bailey 1977 D. R. Shackleton-Bailey, ed., Cicero: Ad Familiares, 2 vols., Cambridge, Eng. 1977.
  • Schrapel 1996 Th. Schrapel, Das Reich der Kleopatra. Quellenkritische Untersuchungen zu den „Landschenkungen“ Mark Antons, Trier 1996.
  • Syme 1939 R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford 1939.
  • Syme 1964 R. Syme, Senators, Tribes and Towns, Historia 13, 1964, 105–125.
  • Syme 1979–1991 R. Syme, Roman Papers, ed. E. Badian and A. R. Birley, 7 vols., 1979–1991, Oxford and New York.
  • van Minnen 2000 P. van Minnen, An Official Act of Cleopatra (with a subscription in her own hand), Ancient Society 30, 2000, 29–34.
  • van Minnen 2001 P. van Minnen, Further Thoughts on the Cleopatra, Papyrus, Archiv für Papyrusforschung 47, 2001, 74–80.
  • Watkins 2018 T. H. Watkins, L. Munatius Plancus: Serving and Surviving in the Roman Revolu-tion, London 22018.
  • Woodman 1983 A. J. Woodman, ed., Velleius Paterculus: The Caesarian and Augustan Narrative (2.41–93), Cambridge, Eng. 1983.

Teos’ta Kleopatra VII ve Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion’un Sunakları

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6, 85 - 92, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.36991/PHILIA.202007

Öz

Teos’ta 1955 yılında Jeanne ve Louis Robert tarafından kopyalanan bir sunağın üzerinde tanrıça olarak belirtilmiş Ptolemaios Hanedanlığı’ndan üç kraliçe ile henüz hayatta olan kraliçe Kleopatra yer almaktadır. Yazar bu yazıtı tanıttığı daha önceki makalesinde söz konusu kraliçenin Mısır’daki Ptolemaioslar Hanedanlığı’nın son temsilcisi Kleopatra VII olması gerektiğini önermişti. Bu özleştirme Teos’ta 2013 yılı kazılarında ele geçen başka bir sunak aracılığıyla desteklenmektedir. Yazar tarafından daha önce yayımlanan bu sunağa tema ve şekil itibariyle oldukça benzeyen yeni adak hanedanlığın tanrı mertebesine yükselmiş bazı kralları ile henüz hayatta olan kral Ptolemaios için L. Munatius Apollonios tarafından dikilmiştir. Sunağı adayan şahıs Roma vatandaşlığını Marcus Antonius’un başlıca destekleyicilerinden biri olan senatör L. Munatius Plancus aracılığıyla elde etmiş olmalıdır. Plancus’un İÖ 40’lı yılların sonunda Asia Eyaleti’nin yöneticisi olarak başka eyalet mensuplarına da vatandaşlık bağışladığı bilinmektedir. Bu kronolojik veriler dikkate alınarak L. Munatius Apollonios’un diktiği yeni sunakta henüz yaşayan kral olarak karşımıza çıkan Pto-lemaios’un, Kleopatra’nın İÖ 47 yılında olasılıkla C. Iulius Caesar ile ilişkisinden doğurduğu ve İÖ 37/36 yılında kral ilan ettiği Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion olmalıdır. Her iki sunak büyük ihtimalle Kleopatra ve Kaisarion’un Actium Savaşı öncesi Marcus Antonius ile birlikte Ionia’yı ziyaret ettikleri 33 ya da 32 yılında dikilmiş olmalıdır. Yazar makalesinde yazıtların edisyonu ve yorumundan sonra senatör L. Munatius Plancus’un Antonius ve Kleopatra’yla ilişkisini incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adak 2014 M. Adak, Epigrafik Araştırmalar in: M. Kadıoğlu et al., 2012–2013 Teos Kazı Çalışmaları (3.– 4. Sezon), AST 36.3, 2014, 443–447.
  • Bingen 1995 J. Bingen, Les Ordonnances royales C. Ord. Ptol. 75–76 (Héracléopolis, 41 avant J.-C.), Chronique d’Égypte 70, 1995, 206–222.
  • Bingen 1999a J. Bingen, Cléopâtre VII Philopatris, Chronique d’Égypte 74, 1999, 118–123.
  • Bingen 1999b J. Bingen, La Politique dynastique de Cléopâtre VII, CRAI 1999, 49–66.
  • Bingen 2007 J. Bingen, ed. R. Bagnall, Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Cul-ture, Berkeley 2007.
  • Bürcklein 1879 A. Bürcklein, Quellen zur Chronologie der römisch-parthischen Feldzüge, diss. Leipzig, Berlin 1879.
  • Corp. Ord. Ptol. M.-Th. Lenger, ed., Corpus des Ordonnances des Ptolémées, Académie Royale de Belgique, Mémoires de la Classe des Lettres, Collection in-8o, 2e Série, LXIV, 2, Brus-sels 1980.
  • Crawford 2001 Μ. Η. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage 2, 2 vols., London and New York 2001.
  • Ferrary 1997 J.-L. Ferrary, De l’Évergétisme hellénistique à l’Évergetisme romain, in Actes du Xe Congrès d’Épigraphie grecque et latine, Nîmes, 4–9 octobre, 1992, 199–225, Paris 1997.
  • Fraser 1957 P. M. Fraser, Mark Antony in Alexandria – A Note, JRS 47, 1957, 71–73.
  • Heinen 1969 H. Heinen, Cäsar und Kaisarion, Historia 18, 1969, 181– 203.
  • Herrmann 2000 P. Herrmann, Eine berühmte Familie in Teos. Epigraphische Nachlese, in Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens und des ägäischen Bereiches. Festschrift für Baki Öğün zum 75. Geburtstag, Bonn 2000, 87–95 (reprinted in: Kleinasien im Spiegel epigraphi-scher Zeugnisse. Ausgewählte kleine Schriften, Berlin and Boston 2016, 521–532).
  • Jones 2011 C. P. Jones, Cleopatra VII in Teos?, Chiron 41, 2011, 41–53.
  • Jones 2016 C. P. Jones,, An Inscription from Iasos and Ovid’s last Poems, ZPE 200, 2016, 122–132.
  • MRR T. R. S. Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, 2 vols., New York, 1951.
  • Nisbet – Hubbard 1970 R. G. M. Nisbet and M. Hubbard, A Commentary on Horace: Odes I, Oxford 1970.
  • PIR A. Groag and others, Prosopographia Imperii Romani, Berlin and Leipzig, 1933–2015.
  • PP VI W. Peremans and others, Prosopographia Ptolemaica VI: La Cour, Les Relations internati-onales et les Possessions extérieures, La Vie culturelle, Studia Hellenistica 17, Louvain 1968.
  • Samuel 1962 A. E. Samuel, Ptolemaic Chronology, Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung 43, Munich 1962.
  • Pelling 1988 C. B. R. Pelling, Plutarch: Life of Antony, Cambridge, Eng. 1988.
  • Shackleton-Bailey 1977 D. R. Shackleton-Bailey, ed., Cicero: Ad Familiares, 2 vols., Cambridge, Eng. 1977.
  • Schrapel 1996 Th. Schrapel, Das Reich der Kleopatra. Quellenkritische Untersuchungen zu den „Landschenkungen“ Mark Antons, Trier 1996.
  • Syme 1939 R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford 1939.
  • Syme 1964 R. Syme, Senators, Tribes and Towns, Historia 13, 1964, 105–125.
  • Syme 1979–1991 R. Syme, Roman Papers, ed. E. Badian and A. R. Birley, 7 vols., 1979–1991, Oxford and New York.
  • van Minnen 2000 P. van Minnen, An Official Act of Cleopatra (with a subscription in her own hand), Ancient Society 30, 2000, 29–34.
  • van Minnen 2001 P. van Minnen, Further Thoughts on the Cleopatra, Papyrus, Archiv für Papyrusforschung 47, 2001, 74–80.
  • Watkins 2018 T. H. Watkins, L. Munatius Plancus: Serving and Surviving in the Roman Revolu-tion, London 22018.
  • Woodman 1983 A. J. Woodman, ed., Velleius Paterculus: The Caesarian and Augustan Narrative (2.41–93), Cambridge, Eng. 1983.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Christopher P. Jones Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7422-0132

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA P. Jones, C. (2020). Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos. PHILIA, 6, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.36991/PHILIA.202007
AMA P. Jones C. Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos. PHILIA. Aralık 2020;6:85-92. doi:10.36991/PHILIA.202007
Chicago P. Jones, Christopher. “Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos”. PHILIA 6, Aralık (Aralık 2020): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.36991/PHILIA.202007.
EndNote P. Jones C (01 Aralık 2020) Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos. PHILIA 6 85–92.
IEEE C. P. Jones, “Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos”, PHILIA, c. 6, ss. 85–92, 2020, doi: 10.36991/PHILIA.202007.
ISNAD P. Jones, Christopher. “Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos”. PHILIA 6 (Aralık 2020), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.36991/PHILIA.202007.
JAMA P. Jones C. Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos. PHILIA. 2020;6:85–92.
MLA P. Jones, Christopher. “Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos”. PHILIA, c. 6, 2020, ss. 85-92, doi:10.36991/PHILIA.202007.
Vancouver P. Jones C. Altars of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XV Caesarion at Teos. PHILIA. 2020;6:85-92.