Bir Yaş Altı Beslenmenin Okul Öncesi Dönemde Gelişime Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Erken çocukluk döneminde beslenme sorunlarının tespiti ve müdahaleler, gelişimsel sorunları önleyebilir. Çalışmamızda, 1 yaş altı beslenmenin okul öncesi dönemdeki gelişim üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart ve Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniklerine başvuran ve yazılı onam ile çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 1-6 yaş arasındaki 139 çocuk ve anneleri ile tek merkezli tanımlayıcı bir çalışma gerçekleştirdik. Anneler hazırlanan bilgi formunu doldurduktan sonra, çocuklara Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi Türkiye Standardizasyonu (DGTT II) uygulandı. Bulgular: Tek çocuğu olan anne sayısı 35 (% 25,2) idi ve tek çocuğu olan annelerin çocuklarının DGTT II sonuçları anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (p=0,015). İlk 6 ay sadece anne sütü ile beslenenlerin DGTT II sonuçlarının normal çıkma oranı daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,038). Formül mama ile beslenmeyen çocukların DGTT II sonuçlarının normal çıkma oranı anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,028). 1 yaşından önce inek sütü verilen çocukların DGTT II sonuçlarının anormal çıkma oranı daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,037). Sonuç: Çalışmada, DGTT II anormal sonuçları ile erkek cinsiyet, geniş bir ailede yaşama, tek çocuk olmama, ilk 6 ay sadece anne sütü ile beslenmeme, formül mama ve inek sütü ile beslenme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Geniş ve çok çocuklu ailelerde yaşayan çocukların sık gözlemlenmesi, annelere hamilelik ve doğum sonrası bebek beslenmesi konusunda eğitim verilmesi, gelişimsel sorunları azaltabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beslenme durumu
• çocuk gelişimi
• okul öncesi, çocuk

The Effect of Nutrition in The First Year of Life on Development in Preschool Period

Öz

Objective: Early detection of nutritional problems and timely interventions in early childhood can prevent developmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the impact of nutrition during the first year of life on developmental outcomes in the preschool period. Material and Method: We conducted a single-center descriptive study with 139 children aged 1-6 years and their mothers, who attended Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Hospital Family Medicine Polyclinics between March and June 2019. Mothers who agreed to participate provided written consent. After completing a structured information form, the Denver II Developmental Screening Test Turkey Standardization (DGTT II) was administered to the children. Results: Of the participants, 35 mothers (25.2%) had only one child, and the DGTT II results for these children were significantly better (p = 0.015). Children who were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months had a higher rate of normal DGTT II results (p = 0.038). Conversely, children who were not fed formula had significantly higher rates of normal DGTT II results (p = 0.028). Those who were given cow’s milk before 1 year of age had a higher rate of abnormal DGTT II results (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The study found a significant association between abnormal DGTT II results and male gender, living in an extended family, not being an only child, not being exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months, and being fed with formula or cow’s milk. Regular monitoring of children in large and multi-child families, along with providing mothers with education on infant nutrition during pregnancy and postpartum, may reduce developmental problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• child development
• nutritional status
• preschool, child

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