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Aşı ile Önlenebilir, Göz Ardı Edilen Başlıca Morbidite ve Mortalite Nedeni: Hakkari, Türkiye’de Rotavirüs ve Adenovirüs Gastroenteriti Yükü

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 , 21 - 27 , 31.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA89FM35PN

Öz

Amaç: Türkiye’de viral gastroenteritin sağlık sistemi üzerindeki yüküne ilişkin veriler sınırlıdır ve bu durum yönetimi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Hakkâri ilinde bir yıllık dönemde çocuklarda rotavirüs ve adenovirüs enfeksiyonlarının prevalansını değerlendirmiş ve mevsim, yaş ve cinsiyete göre dağılımını incelemiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Geçtiğimiz bir yıla ait hastane kayıtlarından rotavirüs ve adenovirüs dışkı antijen test sonuçları geriye dönük olarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler mevsim, yaş grubu ve cinsiyete göre kategorize edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Toplam 1.278 rotavirüs ve 1.270 adenovirüs test sonucu incelenmiştir. Pozitiflik oranı rotavirüs için %11,6, adenovirüs için ise %16,0 olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki virüs de sonbahar ve kış aylarında zirveye ulaşmış; rotavirüs için %10, adenovirüs için %12’ye erişmiştir. Tüm pozitif sonuçların %58’ini adenovirüs oluşturmuştur. Rotavirüs, adenovirüse kıyasla daha belirgin bir mevsimsellik göstermiş; sonbaharda %17,1 olan pozitiflik oranı yazın %3,9’a düşmüştür. Erkek çocuklarda rotavirüs pozitifliği %13, kızlarda %9,72 iken; adenovirüs oranları sırasıyla %13 ve %14 olarak saptanmıştır. En fazla test 0–2 yaş grubundaki çocuklarda yapılmıştır. Bu grupta rotavirüs pozitifliği %10,5, adenovirüs pozitifliği ise %13,3 olup yaş grupları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuçlar: Bu bulgular, Hakkâri’de 0–2 yaş arası çocuklarda belirgin mevsimsellik, erkek cinsiyet baskınlığı ve yüksek test yükünü doğrulamaktadır. Özellikle zirve mevsimlerde sürveyansın artırılması, aşı ve koruyucu önlemlerin önceliklendirilmesi, bu göz ardı edilen yükün yönetilmesine yönelik bölgesel halk sağlığı planlamalarına katkı sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmanın başlıca sınırlaması, tek merkezli ve yalnızca bir yıllık verilerden oluşmasıdır; bu nedenle yıllar arası değişkenliği tam olarak yansıtmayabilir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir mali destek temin edilmemiştir veya yazarın başka bir çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Herhangi bir kurum veya şahıstan maddi destek alınmamıştır

Teşekkür

Manevi destek veren herkese en içten şükranlarımı sunarım

Kaynakça

  • Troeger C, Khalil IA, Rao PC, Cao S, Blacker BF, Ahmed T, et al. Rotavirus Vaccination and the Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Younger Than 5 Years. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Oct 1;172(10):958-965. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1960. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Feb 1;176(2):208. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5393. PMID: 30105384; PMCID: PMC6233802.
  • Du Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Yan D, Jiang D, Liu X, et al. Global burden and trends of rotavirus infection-associated deaths from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Virol J. 2022 Oct 20;19(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01898-9. PMID: 36266651; PMCID: PMC9585833.
  • Zhang J, Cai L, Zhu H, Geng M, Zheng Y, Wang L. Disease burden of norovirus-associated diarrhea among children under 5 years old in China: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 29;25(1):1805. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12076-x. PMID: 41462105; PMCID: PMC12752298.
  • Guga G, Elwood S, Kimathi C, Kang G, Kosek MN, Lima AAM, et al. Burden, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Seasonality of Adenovirus 40/41 Diarrhea in Children in Eight Low-Resource Settings. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 May 13;9(7):ofac241. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac241. PMID: 35854993; PMCID: PMC9277636.
  • do Nascimento LG, Fialho AM, de Andrade JDSR, de Assis RMS, Fumian TM. Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 2;12(1):11220. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15413-1. PMID: 35780169; PMCID: PMC9250496.
  • Güzel M, Akpınar O, Kılıç MB. Prevalence of Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis Cases in Early Childhood in Turkey: Meta-Analysis. Children (Basel). 2020 Oct 2;7(10):159. doi: 10.3390/children7100159. PMID: 33023241; PMCID: PMC7599778.
  • Manzemu DG, Opara JPA, Kasai ET, Mumbere M, Kampunzu VM, Likele BB, et al. Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One. 2024 Feb 12;19(2):e0297219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297219. PMID: 38346035; PMCID: PMC10861064.
  • Koçak AA, Dinç B, Özkan M, Orhan SG, Colak M, Bozdayı G (2024). Frequency of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in Turkish and Immigrant Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis. Cerrahpaşa Medical Journal. 48. 30-33. 10.5152/cjm.2024.23091.
  • Ozsari T, Bora G, Kaya B, Yakut K. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in the Childhood Gastroenteritis. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016 Apr 27;9(6):e34867. doi: 10.5812/jjm.34867. PMID: 27635215; PMCID: PMC5012192.
  • Akan H, İzbırak G, Gürol Y, Sarıkaya S, Gündüz TS, Yılmaz G, et al. Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in Turkey. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2009 Nov 29;8(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1447-056X-8-8. PMID: 19943964; PMCID: PMC2794259.
  • Çağ, Y., & Hacıseyitoğlu, D. (2021). Distribution of Adenovirus and Rotavirus by Age and Seasons in Children Diagnosed with Viral Gastroenteritis. Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials, 10(1), 32-32. https://doi.org/10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2021.32
  • Alqurayn AK, Obeid OE, Alkharsah KR. Rotavirus and adenovirus in children evaluated for viral gastroenteritis at a single healthcare center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A perspective of two decades. J Family Community Med. 2024 Apr-Jun;31(2):133-139. doi: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_273_23. Epub 2024 Apr 15. PMID: 38800789; PMCID: PMC11114876.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health Covıd-19 Vaccination Information Platform: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/EN-80229/turkeys-national-immunization-program--.html. (Last Accessed on 12.03.2026)
  • Öztelcan Gündüz B, Kutlutürk K, Ünay B. Rotavirus infections in the pediatric population: a comparative study of pre-COVID and COVID-19 pandemic periods. Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 29;13:1495848. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1495848. PMID: 39944074; PMCID: PMC11815590.
  • Li C, Xi L, Rao J, Xiang Y, Tang F, Wang X. Time-series analysis of climatic drivers of pediatric rotavirus and adenovirus infections in post-pandemic China. BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 25;25(1):2915. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24010-6. PMID: 40855416; PMCID: PMC12376321.
  • Wagatsuma K. The Association Between Meteorological Factors and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Incidence in Japan: A Time-Series Analysis. Cureus. 2025 Aug 9;17(8):e89675. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89675. PMID: 40926950; PMCID: PMC12415929.
  • Dong JX, Li AF, Li RQ, Chao S, Yang S, Zhao XY. Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Related Gastroenteritis in Beijing: A Retrospective Case-control Study in Pediatric Patients. Biomed Environ Sci. 2020 Mar 20;33(3):196-200. doi: 10.3967/bes2020.027. PMID: 32209179.
  • Peer V, Schwartz N, Green MS. A Pooled Analysis of Sex Differences in Rotaviral Enteritis Incidence Rates in Three Countries Over Different Time Periods. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2022 Feb 22;3(1):228-237. doi: 10.1089/whr.2021.0096. PMID: 35262061; PMCID: PMC8896211.
  • World Health Organization. WHO position paper on rotavirus vaccines – July 2013 (reaffirmed 2017, updated July 2021). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2013;88(32):49–64.

An Overlooked, Vaccine-Preventable Leading Cause of Morbidity and Mortality: Rotavirus and Adenovirus Gastroenteritis Burden in Hakkari, Türkiye

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 , 21 - 27 , 31.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA89FM35PN

Öz

Objective: There is limited information on the burden of viral gastroenteritis on health care in Türkiye, making management challenging. This study evaluated the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus infections among children in Hakkari, Türkiye, over a one‑year period, and examined patterns by season, age, and gender.
Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed stool antigen test results for rotavirus and adenovirus from hospital records over the past year. Data were categorized into season, age group, and gender and assessed.
Results: 1,278 rotavirus and 1,270 adenovirus test results were evaluated. Positivity was 11.6% for rotavirus and 16.0% for adenovirus. Both viruses peaked in Fall and Winter, reaching 10% for rotavirus and 12% for adenovirus. Adenovirus accounted for 58% of all positive results. Rotavirus showed more pronounced seasonality than adenovirus, with positivity of 17.1% in Fall compared with 3.9% in Summer. 13% of males and 9.72% of females had rotavirus positivity, while adenovirus was 13% versus 14%. The highest test number was observed in children aged 0–2 years. Positivity was 10.5% for rotavirus and 13.3% for adenovirus, not significant among age groups.
Conclusions: These findings confirm marked seasonality, male gender predominance, and a substantial burden of tests in children aged 0–2 years in Hakkari. Surveillance, particularly in peak seasons, and prioritization of vaccination and preventive measures may support regional public health planning to manage this overlooked burden. The main limitation of this study is it being a single center and its one‑year duration, which may not capture inter‑annual variability.

Etik Beyan

No funding was received for this study. The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support received from any organızatıon or person

Teşekkür

I sincerely thank all those who gave their moral support

Kaynakça

  • Troeger C, Khalil IA, Rao PC, Cao S, Blacker BF, Ahmed T, et al. Rotavirus Vaccination and the Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Younger Than 5 Years. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Oct 1;172(10):958-965. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1960. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Feb 1;176(2):208. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5393. PMID: 30105384; PMCID: PMC6233802.
  • Du Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Yan D, Jiang D, Liu X, et al. Global burden and trends of rotavirus infection-associated deaths from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Virol J. 2022 Oct 20;19(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01898-9. PMID: 36266651; PMCID: PMC9585833.
  • Zhang J, Cai L, Zhu H, Geng M, Zheng Y, Wang L. Disease burden of norovirus-associated diarrhea among children under 5 years old in China: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 29;25(1):1805. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12076-x. PMID: 41462105; PMCID: PMC12752298.
  • Guga G, Elwood S, Kimathi C, Kang G, Kosek MN, Lima AAM, et al. Burden, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Seasonality of Adenovirus 40/41 Diarrhea in Children in Eight Low-Resource Settings. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 May 13;9(7):ofac241. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac241. PMID: 35854993; PMCID: PMC9277636.
  • do Nascimento LG, Fialho AM, de Andrade JDSR, de Assis RMS, Fumian TM. Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 2;12(1):11220. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15413-1. PMID: 35780169; PMCID: PMC9250496.
  • Güzel M, Akpınar O, Kılıç MB. Prevalence of Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis Cases in Early Childhood in Turkey: Meta-Analysis. Children (Basel). 2020 Oct 2;7(10):159. doi: 10.3390/children7100159. PMID: 33023241; PMCID: PMC7599778.
  • Manzemu DG, Opara JPA, Kasai ET, Mumbere M, Kampunzu VM, Likele BB, et al. Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One. 2024 Feb 12;19(2):e0297219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297219. PMID: 38346035; PMCID: PMC10861064.
  • Koçak AA, Dinç B, Özkan M, Orhan SG, Colak M, Bozdayı G (2024). Frequency of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in Turkish and Immigrant Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis. Cerrahpaşa Medical Journal. 48. 30-33. 10.5152/cjm.2024.23091.
  • Ozsari T, Bora G, Kaya B, Yakut K. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in the Childhood Gastroenteritis. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016 Apr 27;9(6):e34867. doi: 10.5812/jjm.34867. PMID: 27635215; PMCID: PMC5012192.
  • Akan H, İzbırak G, Gürol Y, Sarıkaya S, Gündüz TS, Yılmaz G, et al. Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in Turkey. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2009 Nov 29;8(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1447-056X-8-8. PMID: 19943964; PMCID: PMC2794259.
  • Çağ, Y., & Hacıseyitoğlu, D. (2021). Distribution of Adenovirus and Rotavirus by Age and Seasons in Children Diagnosed with Viral Gastroenteritis. Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials, 10(1), 32-32. https://doi.org/10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2021.32
  • Alqurayn AK, Obeid OE, Alkharsah KR. Rotavirus and adenovirus in children evaluated for viral gastroenteritis at a single healthcare center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A perspective of two decades. J Family Community Med. 2024 Apr-Jun;31(2):133-139. doi: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_273_23. Epub 2024 Apr 15. PMID: 38800789; PMCID: PMC11114876.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health Covıd-19 Vaccination Information Platform: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/EN-80229/turkeys-national-immunization-program--.html. (Last Accessed on 12.03.2026)
  • Öztelcan Gündüz B, Kutlutürk K, Ünay B. Rotavirus infections in the pediatric population: a comparative study of pre-COVID and COVID-19 pandemic periods. Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 29;13:1495848. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1495848. PMID: 39944074; PMCID: PMC11815590.
  • Li C, Xi L, Rao J, Xiang Y, Tang F, Wang X. Time-series analysis of climatic drivers of pediatric rotavirus and adenovirus infections in post-pandemic China. BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 25;25(1):2915. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24010-6. PMID: 40855416; PMCID: PMC12376321.
  • Wagatsuma K. The Association Between Meteorological Factors and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Incidence in Japan: A Time-Series Analysis. Cureus. 2025 Aug 9;17(8):e89675. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89675. PMID: 40926950; PMCID: PMC12415929.
  • Dong JX, Li AF, Li RQ, Chao S, Yang S, Zhao XY. Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Related Gastroenteritis in Beijing: A Retrospective Case-control Study in Pediatric Patients. Biomed Environ Sci. 2020 Mar 20;33(3):196-200. doi: 10.3967/bes2020.027. PMID: 32209179.
  • Peer V, Schwartz N, Green MS. A Pooled Analysis of Sex Differences in Rotaviral Enteritis Incidence Rates in Three Countries Over Different Time Periods. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2022 Feb 22;3(1):228-237. doi: 10.1089/whr.2021.0096. PMID: 35262061; PMCID: PMC8896211.
  • World Health Organization. WHO position paper on rotavirus vaccines – July 2013 (reaffirmed 2017, updated July 2021). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2013;88(32):49–64.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mohamed Refik Medni 0000-0003-1354-3760

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2026
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA89FM35PN
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver 1.Mohamed Refik Medni. An Overlooked, Vaccine-Preventable Leading Cause of Morbidity and Mortality: Rotavirus and Adenovirus Gastroenteritis Burden in Hakkari, Türkiye. Phnx Med J. [Internet]. 01 Mart 2026;8(1):21-7. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA89FM35PN

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