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Green Diplomacy : A Regional Overview of Policies in the Black and Caspian Seas

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 , 54 - 74 , 15.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA63FA22AG

Öz

This study explores the regional dynamics of "Green Diplomacy" within the Black and Caspian Sea basins, emphasizing its role as a strategic tool for multilateral cooperation. Following the EU’s 2024 framework for an inclusive green transition, the paper analyzes how countries like Türkiye and Azerbaijan integrate environmental priorities into their foreign policies to address climate-related security risks. Key initiatives, such as Türkiye’s "Zero Waste" project and the development of the "Middle Corridor," are examined alongside emerging trends in renewable energy and rare earth element diplomacy. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that decarbonization and sustainable infrastructure are becoming central to regional stability, energy security, and post-conflict reconstruction efforts.

Kaynakça

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  • Açıkalın, Ş. N. & Erçetin, Ş. Ş. (2024). The Social Consequences of Climate Change: Debates in Research and Policy. Emerald Publishing.
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  • AZEMEDIA. (2025). https://aze.media/budapest-becomes-azerbaijans-gateway-to-central-europe/.
  • AZERTAC. (2025). https://azertag.az/en/xeber/central_baltic___azerbaijan_business_forum_and_gala_event_held_in_baku-3825071.
  • BakuDialogues. (2025). https://bakudialogues.idd.az/articles/azerbaijans-multilateral-green-energy-diplomacy-31-07-2025.
  • BSEC. (2018). https://core.bsec-organization.org/UploadedFiles/EventFiles/20180625-26_csoyerevan_annex-3-to-report_bsec-green-energy-strategy-0c0udf1z.pdf.
  • BSEC. (2023). https://www.bsec-organization.org/areas-of-cooperation/environmental-protection.
  • BSEC. (2025). https://www.bsec-organization.org/areas-of-cooperation/energy.
  • CAREC. (2025). https://centralasiaclimateportal.org/azerbaijans-green-diplomacy/.
  • CARNEGIE. (2025). https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2025/02/tackling-the-russia-ukraine-wars-environmental-damage-in-the-black-sea?lang=en.
  • CentralBaltic. (2025). https://centralbaltic.eu/project-news/1st-central-baltic-region-business-visit-to-azerbaijan/.
  • CIRSD. (2025). https://cirsd.org/horizon-article/the-mineral-wars/.
  • Council of the European Union, Brussels. (2024). https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7865-2024-INIT/en/pdf.
  • Çelik, Y., & Sofracı, İ. E. (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Politikası Aracı Olarak Çevre Vergileri: Türkiye ve Seçilmiş Ülkelerde Çevre Vergilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 7(1), 1-31.
  • Daily Sabah. (2024). https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/time-for-greek-turkish-energy-co-op-in-aegean-east-med-official.
  • DALIA. (2023). https://www.dalia-danube.eu/.
  • Dekov, V. M., Maynard, J. B., Kamenov, G. D., Rouxel, O., Lalonde, S., & Juranov, S. (2020). Origin of the Oligocene manganese deposit at Obrochishte (Bulgaria): Insights from C, O, Fe, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews, 122.
  • DEPA International Projects. (2022). https://depa-int.gr/en/interconnector-pipeline-eastmed/.
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  • EC. (2023a). https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/news/all-research-and-innovation-news/european-commission-welcomes-launch-black-sea-strategic-ri-agenda-implementation-plan-2023-05-04_en.
  • EC. (2024). https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_24_1808.
  • EC. (2024b). https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/azerbaijan/.
  • EC. (2025). https://commission.europa.eu/topics/competitiveness/clean-industrial-deal_en.
  • Edison Spa. (2017). https://www.edison.it/en/eastmed-poseidon-project.
  • EnergyIndustryReview. (2023). https://energyindustryreview.com/metals-mining/mining-industry-in-romania-to-focus-on-non-energy-mineral-resources/.
  • Eskenazy, G. M. (1987). Rare earth elements in a sampled coal from the Pirin deposit, Bulgaria. International Journal of Coal Geology, 7(3), 301-314.
  • European Commission EastMed Pipeline Project. (2017). https://ec.europa.eu/assets/cinea/project_fiches/cef/cef_energy/7.3.1-0023-CYEL-S-M-17.pdf.
  • EUToday. (2025). https://eutoday.net/hikmat-hajiyev-sets-out-azerbaijans-agenda-in-brussels/.
  • Giannotta, V. (2024). https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cespi_TURKIYE-AND-NORMALIZATION-IN-THE-REGION.pdf.
  • Heading, S., & Cavaciuti-Wishart, E. (2024). https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/01/global-risks-report-2024/. https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cespi_TURKIYE-AND-NORMALIZATION-IN-THE-REGION.pdf.
  • IEA. (2019). https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-in-a-clean-energy-system.
  • IEA. (2020). https://www.iea.org/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions.
  • IEA. (2021). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.
  • IEA. (2022). https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-and-secure-energy-transitions.
  • IEA. (2024). https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2024/outlook-for-keyminerals#abstract.
  • IEA. (2025). https://cnpp.iaea.org/public/countries/RO/profile/highlights.
  • IEA. (n.d.). https://www.iea.org/countries/romania/electricity.
  • InvestingNews. (2025). https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earthinvesting/rare-earth-reserves-country/.
  • Ion, A., & Cosac, A. (2023). Rare earth elements distribution in topsoil from Ditrău Alkaline Massif area, eastern Carpathians, Romania. Heliyon, 9(3).
  • JSTOR. (2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05270.5?seq=1.
  • McKinsey & Company. (2022). The Net-Zero Transition: What it would cost, what it could bring.
  • MiddleEastye. (2024). https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-joins-western-critical-minerals-club-amid-eu-china-rivalry.
  • Modernaz. (2025). https://modern.az/en/analitika/536188/italy-in-azerbaijan/.
  • NewEasternEurope. (2025). https://neweasterneurope.eu/2025/10/30/o-brother-where-art-thou-azerbaijan-hungary-relations-on-the-rise/.
  • OEC. (n.d.). https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/aze/partner/ita.
  • OurOcean. (2024). https://www.ourocean2024.gov.gr/.
  • Öztürk, H., Hanilçi, N., Altuncu, S., & Kasapçı, C. (2019). Rare earth element (REE) resources of Turkey: An overview of their characteristics and origin. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 159, 133-148.
  • PRIO. (2024). https://www.prio.org/news/3532.
  • UN Türkiye. (2023). https://turkiye.un.org/en/225744-zero-waste-day-inspiration-türkiye.
  • UNEP. (1992). https://www.unep.org/bucharest-convention.
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2023). https://unfccc.int/cop28/5-key-takeaways#:~:text=COP.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023). Zero Waste for a Green Future. https://open.spotify.com/episode/3ojLMz9iYtjiwjkMNtbn0E.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023a). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3HHflZ2FDjWtXN0QgSUt3d.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023b). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GSEwevycCpkMuGVDgJuWh.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023c). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3sIQiUHq25atOBI9PRdHRt.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023d). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3HHflZ2FDjWtXN0QgSUt3d.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023e). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1x0I6KkFN49fssFTOG19RC?si=7Dpse7g1R_-0RvIpCCBi-w.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023f). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GSEwevycCpkMuGVDgJuW.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024). https://open.spotify.com/episode/0v6nfoLJ2oSC8Jx10xbgZj.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024a). https://open.spotify.com/episode/0v6nfoLJ2oSC8Jx10xbgZj?si=j0g667lWSyCCmgJCFNM38A&nd=1&dlsi=9a324875c67747f6.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024b). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1VssKv2eMtoZLS4Po9jj9o?si=7gg519sqSUUpRfe1WU3vg&nd=1&dlsi=726f431481bc4f08.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024c). https://open.spotify.com/episode/30EZMKw1lt9hkUIlKZ5wDZ?si=toEWJux2RxaastzwCtjyqg.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024d). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3AhbJJRmZCVxFb7NRDKcDH?si=3IAznYtrQImmV4v5_mc4MA&nd=1&dlsi=f79ba648a0a94600.
  • Weforum. (2024). https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/01/global-risks-report-2024/.
  • World Bank Group. (2022). https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/06/13/climate-action-could-provide-nearly-150-billion-in-savings-for-turkiye-by-2040-says-pioneering-world-bank-study?_gl=1*7o7h2l*_gcl_au*Nzk2ODI2MjIzLjE3MjMzNjAzMjU.
  • World Bank. (2022). Unlocking Green Finance in Turkey. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
  • WSJ. (2025). https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/trump-wants-control-of-ukraines-nuclear-plants-the-largest-one-is-on-the-front-line-01e1f7a4?reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink.
  • Youtube. (2025). https://www.youtube.com/live/JSu_xX4JsgM?si=qAkEQ2O8j46csQH2.
  • Youtube. (2025a). https://www.youtube.com/live/WDj7oTfMH1U.
  • Youtube. (2025b). https://youtube.com/shorts/ws1n4cTeGFk?si=LSZqvnE13-9iBGRW.
  • Youtube. (2025c). https://youtu.be/ICvOkguQsk4?si=Ab5AOkSnpNLdNb86.

Yeşil Diplomasi: Karadeniz ve Hazar Denizi'ndeki Politikaların Bölgesel Bir Genel Bakışı

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 , 54 - 74 , 15.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA63FA22AG

Öz

Bu çalışma, Karadeniz ve Hazar Denizi havzalarındaki bölgesel iş birliğini geliştirmeyi hedefleyen "Yeşil Diplomasi" (Green Diplomacy) kavramını ve bu doğrultudaki güncel politikaları analiz etmektedir. Avrupa Birliği'nin 2024 stratejileri ışığında tanımlanan yeşil dönüşüm; iklim krizi, biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı ve çevre kirliliği gibi küresel güvenlik tehditlerine karşı çok taraflı bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Makalede, Türkiye’nin "Sıfır Atık" projesi ve yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları başta olmak üzere, bölge ülkelerinin dekarbonizasyon çabaları ve nadir toprak elementleri diplomasisi incelenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, enerji güvenliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin, çatışma sonrası yeniden yapılanma ve bölgesel istikrar için temel bir diplomatik araç haline geldiği savunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • AA. (2022). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/turkey/turkiye-uncovers-worlds-second-largest-rare-earth-element-reserve/35729.
  • Açıkalın, Ş. N. & Erçetin, Ş. Ş. (2024). The Social Consequences of Climate Change: Debates in Research and Policy. Emerald Publishing.
  • APA. (2025). https://en.apa.az/foreign-policy/azerbaijan-italy-relations-discussed-484847.
  • APA. (2025a). https://en.apa.az/foreign-policy/azerbaijan-italy-relations-discussed-484847.
  • AZEMEDIA. (2025). https://aze.media/budapest-becomes-azerbaijans-gateway-to-central-europe/.
  • AZERTAC. (2025). https://azertag.az/en/xeber/central_baltic___azerbaijan_business_forum_and_gala_event_held_in_baku-3825071.
  • BakuDialogues. (2025). https://bakudialogues.idd.az/articles/azerbaijans-multilateral-green-energy-diplomacy-31-07-2025.
  • BSEC. (2018). https://core.bsec-organization.org/UploadedFiles/EventFiles/20180625-26_csoyerevan_annex-3-to-report_bsec-green-energy-strategy-0c0udf1z.pdf.
  • BSEC. (2023). https://www.bsec-organization.org/areas-of-cooperation/environmental-protection.
  • BSEC. (2025). https://www.bsec-organization.org/areas-of-cooperation/energy.
  • CAREC. (2025). https://centralasiaclimateportal.org/azerbaijans-green-diplomacy/.
  • CARNEGIE. (2025). https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2025/02/tackling-the-russia-ukraine-wars-environmental-damage-in-the-black-sea?lang=en.
  • CentralBaltic. (2025). https://centralbaltic.eu/project-news/1st-central-baltic-region-business-visit-to-azerbaijan/.
  • CIRSD. (2025). https://cirsd.org/horizon-article/the-mineral-wars/.
  • Council of the European Union, Brussels. (2024). https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7865-2024-INIT/en/pdf.
  • Çelik, Y., & Sofracı, İ. E. (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Politikası Aracı Olarak Çevre Vergileri: Türkiye ve Seçilmiş Ülkelerde Çevre Vergilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 7(1), 1-31.
  • Daily Sabah. (2024). https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/time-for-greek-turkish-energy-co-op-in-aegean-east-med-official.
  • DALIA. (2023). https://www.dalia-danube.eu/.
  • Dekov, V. M., Maynard, J. B., Kamenov, G. D., Rouxel, O., Lalonde, S., & Juranov, S. (2020). Origin of the Oligocene manganese deposit at Obrochishte (Bulgaria): Insights from C, O, Fe, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews, 122.
  • DEPA International Projects. (2022). https://depa-int.gr/en/interconnector-pipeline-eastmed/.
  • EC. (2023). https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_1661.
  • EC. (2023a). https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/news/all-research-and-innovation-news/european-commission-welcomes-launch-black-sea-strategic-ri-agenda-implementation-plan-2023-05-04_en.
  • EC. (2024). https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_24_1808.
  • EC. (2024b). https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/azerbaijan/.
  • EC. (2025). https://commission.europa.eu/topics/competitiveness/clean-industrial-deal_en.
  • Edison Spa. (2017). https://www.edison.it/en/eastmed-poseidon-project.
  • EnergyIndustryReview. (2023). https://energyindustryreview.com/metals-mining/mining-industry-in-romania-to-focus-on-non-energy-mineral-resources/.
  • Eskenazy, G. M. (1987). Rare earth elements in a sampled coal from the Pirin deposit, Bulgaria. International Journal of Coal Geology, 7(3), 301-314.
  • European Commission EastMed Pipeline Project. (2017). https://ec.europa.eu/assets/cinea/project_fiches/cef/cef_energy/7.3.1-0023-CYEL-S-M-17.pdf.
  • EUToday. (2025). https://eutoday.net/hikmat-hajiyev-sets-out-azerbaijans-agenda-in-brussels/.
  • Giannotta, V. (2024). https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cespi_TURKIYE-AND-NORMALIZATION-IN-THE-REGION.pdf.
  • Heading, S., & Cavaciuti-Wishart, E. (2024). https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/01/global-risks-report-2024/. https://www.esteri.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cespi_TURKIYE-AND-NORMALIZATION-IN-THE-REGION.pdf.
  • IEA. (2019). https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-in-a-clean-energy-system.
  • IEA. (2020). https://www.iea.org/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions.
  • IEA. (2021). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.
  • IEA. (2022). https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-and-secure-energy-transitions.
  • IEA. (2024). https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2024/outlook-for-keyminerals#abstract.
  • IEA. (2025). https://cnpp.iaea.org/public/countries/RO/profile/highlights.
  • IEA. (n.d.). https://www.iea.org/countries/romania/electricity.
  • InvestingNews. (2025). https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earthinvesting/rare-earth-reserves-country/.
  • Ion, A., & Cosac, A. (2023). Rare earth elements distribution in topsoil from Ditrău Alkaline Massif area, eastern Carpathians, Romania. Heliyon, 9(3).
  • JSTOR. (2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05270.5?seq=1.
  • McKinsey & Company. (2022). The Net-Zero Transition: What it would cost, what it could bring.
  • MiddleEastye. (2024). https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-joins-western-critical-minerals-club-amid-eu-china-rivalry.
  • Modernaz. (2025). https://modern.az/en/analitika/536188/italy-in-azerbaijan/.
  • NewEasternEurope. (2025). https://neweasterneurope.eu/2025/10/30/o-brother-where-art-thou-azerbaijan-hungary-relations-on-the-rise/.
  • OEC. (n.d.). https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/aze/partner/ita.
  • OurOcean. (2024). https://www.ourocean2024.gov.gr/.
  • Öztürk, H., Hanilçi, N., Altuncu, S., & Kasapçı, C. (2019). Rare earth element (REE) resources of Turkey: An overview of their characteristics and origin. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 159, 133-148.
  • PRIO. (2024). https://www.prio.org/news/3532.
  • UN Türkiye. (2023). https://turkiye.un.org/en/225744-zero-waste-day-inspiration-türkiye.
  • UNEP. (1992). https://www.unep.org/bucharest-convention.
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2023). https://unfccc.int/cop28/5-key-takeaways#:~:text=COP.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023). Zero Waste for a Green Future. https://open.spotify.com/episode/3ojLMz9iYtjiwjkMNtbn0E.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023a). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3HHflZ2FDjWtXN0QgSUt3d.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023b). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GSEwevycCpkMuGVDgJuWh.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023c). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3sIQiUHq25atOBI9PRdHRt.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023d). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3HHflZ2FDjWtXN0QgSUt3d.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023e). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1x0I6KkFN49fssFTOG19RC?si=7Dpse7g1R_-0RvIpCCBi-w.
  • Wasylina, E. (2023f). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GSEwevycCpkMuGVDgJuW.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024). https://open.spotify.com/episode/0v6nfoLJ2oSC8Jx10xbgZj.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024a). https://open.spotify.com/episode/0v6nfoLJ2oSC8Jx10xbgZj?si=j0g667lWSyCCmgJCFNM38A&nd=1&dlsi=9a324875c67747f6.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024b). https://open.spotify.com/episode/1VssKv2eMtoZLS4Po9jj9o?si=7gg519sqSUUpRfe1WU3vg&nd=1&dlsi=726f431481bc4f08.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024c). https://open.spotify.com/episode/30EZMKw1lt9hkUIlKZ5wDZ?si=toEWJux2RxaastzwCtjyqg.
  • Wasylina, E. (2024d). https://open.spotify.com/episode/3AhbJJRmZCVxFb7NRDKcDH?si=3IAznYtrQImmV4v5_mc4MA&nd=1&dlsi=f79ba648a0a94600.
  • Weforum. (2024). https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/01/global-risks-report-2024/.
  • World Bank Group. (2022). https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/06/13/climate-action-could-provide-nearly-150-billion-in-savings-for-turkiye-by-2040-says-pioneering-world-bank-study?_gl=1*7o7h2l*_gcl_au*Nzk2ODI2MjIzLjE3MjMzNjAzMjU.
  • World Bank. (2022). Unlocking Green Finance in Turkey. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
  • WSJ. (2025). https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/trump-wants-control-of-ukraines-nuclear-plants-the-largest-one-is-on-the-front-line-01e1f7a4?reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink.
  • Youtube. (2025). https://www.youtube.com/live/JSu_xX4JsgM?si=qAkEQ2O8j46csQH2.
  • Youtube. (2025a). https://www.youtube.com/live/WDj7oTfMH1U.
  • Youtube. (2025b). https://youtube.com/shorts/ws1n4cTeGFk?si=LSZqvnE13-9iBGRW.
  • Youtube. (2025c). https://youtu.be/ICvOkguQsk4?si=Ab5AOkSnpNLdNb86.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyal Politikada Bölgesel Gelişme ve Küreselleşme
Bölüm Görüş Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ellen Wasylina

Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mart 2026
Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA63FA22AG
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Wasylina, E. (2026). Green Diplomacy : A Regional Overview of Policies in the Black and Caspian Seas. Polisphere: Global Social Policy Perspectives, 1(1), 54-74. https://izlik.org/JA63FA22AG