Could VCLT 52 Block a Peace Treaty Entailing Territory Transfer After the Ukraine-Russia War?

Öz

This study examines the scope and limitations of Article 52 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) in the context of a potential Ukraine-Russia peace treaty involving territorial transfer. While VCLT 52 invalidates treaties concluded under coercion, its misinterpretation as an absolute prohibition on post-conflict territorial agreements has fueled debate. The interplay between coercion, realpolitik, and treaty validity requires a precise legal framework to prevent contradictions in conflict resolution.

The first section traces the historical evolution of coercion as a ground for treaty invalidation, from the Peace of Westphalia to modern treaty law. The second section examines realpolitik and coercion, emphasizing that VCLT 52 addresses coercion as a matter of form rather than content. While territorial transfers are not inherently invalid, treaties violating jus cogens norms, such as genocide, fall under VCLT 53.

The final section applies these principles to the Ukraine-Russia conflict, assessing whether territorial concessions in a negotiated peace could be legally binding. The study challenges the assumption that all post-war territorial treaties are ab initio invalid, reaffirming the doctrinal and judicial acquis of international law, particularly the primacy of the pacta sund servanda principle

Anahtar Kelimeler

• VCLT Article 52
• Ukraine-Russia war
• coercion in international law
• invalidity of treaties
• pacta sund servanda

VAHS 52, Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı Sonrasında Ülke Transferini İçeren Bir Barış Antlaşmasını Engelleyebilir mi?

Öz

Bu çalışma, Viyana Antlaşmalar Hukuku Sözleşmesi'nin (VAHS) 52. maddesinin kapsamını ve sınırlarını, toprak transferini içeren olası bir Ukrayna-Rusya barış antlaşması bağlamında incelemektedir. VAHS 52, cebir yoluyla akdedilen antlaşmaları geçersiz kılarken, savaş sonrası toprak anlaşmalarına mutlak bir yasak olarak yanlış yorumlanması hukuki tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Cebir, reel politik ve antlaşma geçerliliği arasındaki etkileşim, çelişkilerin önlenmesi için kesin bir hukuki çerçeve gerektirmektedir.

Çalışmanın ilk bölümü, Westphalia Barışı’ndan modern antlaşma hukukuna kadar cebrin bir antlaşma geçersizliği sebebi olarak tarihsel gelişimini ele almaktadır. İkinci bölümde reel politik ve cebir ilişkisi incelenmekte, VAHS 52’nin cebri içerikten ziyade şekli bir unsur olarak ele aldığı vurgulanmaktadır. Toprak transferleri doğası gereği geçersiz olmamakla birlikte, soykırım gibi jus cogens normlarını ihlal eden antlaşmalar VAHS 53 kapsamında değerlendirilmelidir.

Son bölümde bu ilkeler Ukrayna-Rusya çatışmasına uygulanarak, müzakere edilebilecek bir barış sürecinde toprak tavizlerinin hukuken bağlayıcı olup olamayacağı analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma, savaş sonrası tüm ülke transferi antlaşmalarının baştan geçersiz olduğu varsayımına meydan okuyarak, özellikle pacta sund servanda ilkesinin öneminden hareketle uluslararası hukukun doktrinel ve yargısal müktesebatını teyit etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• VAHS 52. madde
• Ukrayna-Rusya savaşı
• uluslararası hukukta cebir
• antlaşmaların geçersizliği
• pacta sund servanda

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