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Certain Issues Concerning International Investment Arbitration within The Context of The Ata v Jordan Award

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 605 - 644, 29.12.2021

Öz

The award in ATA v Jordan is important as it raised various issues in investment arbitration. The award is the first where an arbitral tribunal decided that an arbitration agreement and accordingly a claimant’s right to arbitration were a separate investment under a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and ordered the respondent state’s judicial authorities to perform certain acts. Moreover, the award is also noteworthy for being the first investment arbitral award to order the termination of judicial proceedings performed in accordance with internal law of the respondent state. The question of whether an award issued by a commercial arbitration tribunal could be deemed an investment is one of the main issues in the award of the tribunal in ATA v Jordan. Additionally, ATA v Jordan is a rich academic source for researchers as it refers to several theoretically controversial subjects of investment arbitration. This study particularly focuses on the tribunal’s assessment of what constitutes an investment (i.e., assessments on jurisdiction ratione materiae) and how it determined whether the tribunal has jurisdiction ratione temporis. In this regard, this study considers the tribunal’s assessment of temporal jurisdiction, the concept of a breach that extends in time, and a breach consisting a composite act. Further, the award reveals that prominent issues such as characterization of the conflict and determination of the time when the conflict arises might be subject to complex procedures. The study also examines in detail the inherent difficulties with regard to the enforcement of restitution—a concept and a form of reparation that belong to general international law—within the context of investment arbitration. Article 54 of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention stipulates that Contracting States are obliged to recognize an award rendered by an ICSID tribunal; however, it only imposes an obligation of enforcement of the pecuniary obligations as if it were a final judgment of a court in the state concerned. While a hesitation of any infringement to the sovereignty of the states is at the forefront here, available means provided by general international law for the enforcement of the awards are also quite limited; moreover, the power of discretion belongs to the states, not to investors. In the last section of this study, the available means of general international law are mentioned.

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı Z, Milletlerarası Tahkim (4. Bs., Vedat Kitapçılık 2016).
  • Akkutay Aİ, Diplomatik Koruma ve İnsan Hakları İlişkisi (Adalet Yayınevi 2013).
  • Amerasinghe CF, Diplomatic Protection (Oxford University Press 2008).
  • Ataman Figanmeşe İ, ‘Milletlerarası Ticari Tahkim ile Yatırım Tahkimi Arasındaki Farklar’ (2011) 31(1) MHB 91.
  • Avşar M, ‘ICSID Konvansiyonu’na Göre Yatırım Kavramı’ (2017) 37(2) MHB 95.
  • Azaklı Köse M, Devletin Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkiminde Sorumluluğu (BM Uluslararası Hukuk Komisyonu Tasarısı Kapsamında) (Adalet Yayınevi 2021).
  • Baldwin E, Kantor M and Nolan M, ‘Limits to Enforcement of ICSID Awards’ (2006) 23(1) Journal of International Arbitration 1.
  • Bienvenu P and Valasek MJ, ‘Compensation for Unlawful Expropriation, and Other Recent Manifestations of the Principle of Full Reparation in International Investment Law’ in Albert Jan van den Berg (edn), 50 Years of the New York Convention : ICCA International Arbitration Conference, ICCA Congress Series, Vol. 14 (Kluwer International Law 2009).
  • Bilateral Investment Treaties 1995-2006: Trends in Investment Rulemaking; United Nations Publication, New York, and Geneva, 2007.
  • Birsel MT, ‘Türkiye’de Yabancı Hakem Kararlarının Tenfizinin Anayasal ve Küresel Boyutları’ (2005) 7 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1.
  • Chaika I, The Non-Enforcement of International Commercial Awards as a Violation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (International Hellenic University LLM Thesis 2015).
  • Crawford J and Olleson S, ‘The Application of the Rules of State Responsibility’ in Marc Bungenberg and Jörn Griebel (edn) International Investment Law (Beck, Hart, Nomos 2015).
  • Çalışkan Z, ‘Türkiye’nin Taraf Olduğu İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmalarda Yatırım Kavramı’ (2009) 29(1-2) MHB 85.
  • Demirkol B, ‘Enforcement of International Commerical Arbitration Agreements and Awards in Investment Treaty Arbitration’ (2015) 30(1) ICSID Review 56.
  • Dingwall J and Haeri H, ‘Jordan: ICSID Tribunals finds Jordan in Violation of its Investment Treaty Obligations’ (2010) 4 International Arbitration Law Review 1.
  • Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, (2001) 2 (Part Two) Yearbook of the International Law Commission.
  • Draguiev D, ‘State Responsibility For Non-Enforcement of Arbitral Awards’ (2014) 8(4) World Arbitration &Mediation Review 591.
  • Ekşi N, ICSID Hakem Kararlarının Tanınması Tenfizi ve İcrası (Beta 2009).
  • Francioni F, ‘Access to Justice, Denial of Justice and International Investment Law’ (2009) 20(3) The European Journal of International Law 729.
  • Gaffney JP, ‘The Jurisdiction Ratione Temporis of ICSID Tribunals’ (2007) 22(7) MEALEY’S International Arbitration Report 1.
  • Gaillard E and Savage J (eds), Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman On International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law International 1999).
  • Giray FK, Milletlerarası Yatırım Tahkiminde Kamulaştırmadan Doğan Tazminat ve Tazminatın Hesaplanmasında Kullanılan Yöntemler (2. Bs., Beta 2013).
  • Goldhaber MD, ‘The Rise of Arbitral Power Over Domestic Courts’ (2013) 1(2) Stanford Journal of Complex Litigation 374.
  • Grabowski A, ‘The Definition of Investment under the ICSID Convention: A Defense of Salini’ (2014) 15(1) Chicago Journal of International Law 289.
  • Gray C, ‘The Choice between Restitution and Compensation’ (1999) 10(2) EJIL 413.
  • King B and Moloo R, ‘Enforcement after the Arbitration: Strategic Considerations and Forum Choice’ (Arbitrate Atlanta, 2013).
  • Kronke H, ‘Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention’ (Kluwer Law International 2010).
  • Mehielle VOO, ‘Enforcing Arbitration Awards Under The International Convention For The Settlement Of Investment Disputes (ICSID Convention)’ (2001) 7(1) Annual Survey of International Law & Comparative Law 1.
  • Mistelis LA, Award as an Investment The Value of an Arbitral Award or The Cost of Non-Enforcement (Queen Mary University of London, School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 129, 2013).
  • Moses ML, The Principles and Practise of International Commercial Arbitration (Cambridge University Press 2008).
  • Nalçacıoğlu Erden HZ, Milletlerarası Yatırım Hukukunda Dolaylı Kamulaştırma, (1. Bs., On İki Levha 2015).
  • Nomer E, Ekşi N ve Öztekin Gelgel G, Milletlerarası Tahkim Hukuku Cilt I (5. Bs., Beta 2016).
  • Nomer E, Ekşi N ve Öztekin Gelgel G, Milletlerarası Tahkime İlişkin Mevzuat ve Antlaşmalar C. II (2. Bs., Beta 2014).
  • Özbay İ, Hakem Kararlarının Temyizi (Yetkin Yayınları 2004).
  • Partalcı R, ‘Yatırımların Karşılıklı Teşviki ve Korunması Antlaşmalarında Düzenlenen Adil ve Eşit Davranma Yükümlülüğü’ (2016) 36(2) MHB 131.
  • Paulsson J, Denial of Justice in International Law (Cambridge University Press 2005).
  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (14. Bs., Turhan Kitabevi 2015).
  • Priem C, ‘International Investment Treaty Arbitration as A Potential Check for Domestic Courts Refusing Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Award’ (2013) 10(189) NYU Journal of Law & Business 190.
  • Reed L and Martinez L, ‘Treaty Obligation to Honor Arbitral Awards and Diplomatic Protection’ in R. Doak Bishop (edn), Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards Against Sovereigns (JurisNet LLC 2009).
  • Rosenfeld F, Bridging the Gap between Investment and Commercial Arbitration (Global Fellows Forum, New York University School of Law 2014).
  • Schreuer C, ‘Alternative Remedies in Investment Arbitration’ (2016) 3(1) The Journal Of Damages In International Arbitration 1.
  • Schreuer C, ‘Investment Protection and International Relations’ in A. Reinisch and U. Kriebaum (edn), The Law of International Relations, Liber Amicorum Hanspeter Neuhold (Eleven Publishing 2007).
  • Schreuer C, ‘Investments, International Protection’ (2010) Encyclopedia of Public International Law 48.
  • Schreuer C, ‘Non-Pecuniary Remedies in ICSID Arbitration’ (2004) 20(4) Arbitration International 325.
  • Schreuer C, Malintoppi L, Reinisch A and Sinclair A, The ICSID Convention: A Commentary (2nd edn, Cambridge University Press 2009).
  • Shany Y, ‘Contract Claims Vs. Treaty Claims: Mapping Conflicts Between ICSID Decisions On Multisourced Investment Claims’ (2005) 99 The American Journal Of International Law 835.
  • Sur M, Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları (9. Bs., Beta 2015).
  • Şanlı C, Uluslararası Ticari Akitlerin Hazırlanması ve Uyuşmazlıkların Çözüm Yolları (7. Bs., Beta 2016).
  • Tellez FM, ‘Does the Annulment of Arbitral Awards By National Courts Engage State Responsibility Under International Law’ (2013) 16(CAR) CEPMLP Annual Review 1.
  • Tiryakioğlu B, Doğrudan Yatırımların Uluslararası Hukukta Korunması (Dayındarlı 2003).
  • Vannieuwenhuyse G, ‘Bringing a Dispute Concerning ICSID Cases and the ICSID Convention Before the International Court of Justice’ (2009) 8 The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 115.
  • Vinuales J and Bentolila D, ‘The Use of Alternative (Non-Judical) Means to Enforce Investment Awards Against States’ in Boisson de Chazournes, L., M. Kohen and J. E. Vinuales (edn), Diplomatic and Judical Means of Dispute Settlement: Assesing Their Interactions (Brill 2012).
  • Yılmaz İ, Uluslararası Yatırım Uyuşmazlıklarının Tahkim Yoluyla Çözümü ve ICSID (Beta 2004).
  • Yu HL, ‘A Theoretical Overview of the Foundations of International Commercial Arbitration’ (2008) 1(2) Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 255.
  • ATA Construction, Industrial and Trading Company v. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/2 (18 May 2010).
  • ATA Construction, Industrial and Trading Company v. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Decision on Interpretation and on the Request for Provisional Measures, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/2 (07 March 2011).
  • Chevron Corporation (USA) and Texaco Petroleum Company (USA) v. The Republic of Ecuador, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. 34877 (1 December 2008).
  • Emilio Agustín Maffezini v The Kingdom of Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7 (25 January 2000).
  • Enron Corporation and Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v. The Argentine Republic, Decision on Jurisdiction, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/3 (14 January 2004).
  • GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/16 (31 March 2011).
  • Generation Ukraine INC. v. Ukraine, Award, ICSID Case No ARB/00/9 (16 September 2003).
  • Germany v. Poland, Case Concerning the Factory at Chorzow, Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A., No. 9, Judgement No. 13 (13 September 1928).
  • Impregilo S.p.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/3 (22 April 2005).
  • Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, S.C. European Food S.A, S.C. Starmill S.R.L. and S.C. Multipack S.R.L. v. Romania [I], ICSID Case No. ARB/05/20 (24 September 2008).
  • Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v USA) (1928) RIAA vol II, 829.
  • Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/13 (16 June 2006).
  • M.C.I. Power Group L.C. and New Turbine, Inc. v. Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/6 (31 July 2007).
  • Mondev International Ltd. v. United States of America, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/99/2 (11 October 2002).
  • Saipem S.p.A. v. People’s Republic of Bangladesh, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/7 (30 June 2009).
  • Siemens A.G. v. The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/8 (17 January 2007).
  • White Industries Australia Ltd. v. Republic of India, UNCITRAL, Final Award, 30.11.2011.

Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 605 - 644, 29.12.2021

Öz

Ata v Jordan kararı, uluslararası yatırım tahkimi bağlamında birçok hususa ilk olarak yer vermesi bakımından oldukça ilgi çekici bir karardır. Bu karar ile tahkim anlaşması ve bu anlaşma uyarınca tahkime başvurma hakkı ilk kez bağımsız bir yatırım olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yine hakem heyetinin davalı devletin yargı teşkilatına yönelik olarak belirli bir eylemi yapması doğrultusunda karar vermiş olması, kararı oldukça dikkat çekici kılmıştır. Hatta bu karar ile ilk kez bir hakem heyeti davalı devletin iç hukukundaki yargı sürecinin sonlandırılmasına hükmetmiştir. Bu karar bakımından incelenmesi gereken temel meselelerden birini, ticari tahkimden alınan bir kararın yatırım olarak kabul edilip edilemeyeceği konusu oluşturmaktadır. Ancak bunun yanı sıra karar, yatırım tahkimi bağlamında teorik açıdan tartışmalı pek çok konuya değinmesi bakımından da araştırmacılar için zengin bir kaynaktır. Özellikle hakem heyetinin neyin yatırım teşkil ettiğine ilişkin, diğer bir ifadeyle konu bakımından yetkiye ilişkin (ratione materiae) değerlendirmeleri, zaman bakımından yargı yetkisinin (ratione temporis) tespitinde belirleyici olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmada zaman bakımından yargı yetkisi üzerine değerlendirmeler ve zamana yayılan ihlal ile bileşik eylemden oluşan ihlal kavramları üzerinde durulmuştur. Yine karar, uyuşmazlığın tanımlanması ve uyuşmazlığın doğduğu tarihin tespiti gibi temel meselelerin bile oldukça karmaşık süreçler içerebileceğini göstermektedir. Karar vesilesiyle üzerinde durulan bir diğer husus ise genel uluslararası hukuka ait bir kavram ve onarım biçimi olan eski hâle iadenin yatırım tahkimi bağlamında uygulandığında icrası bakımından karşılaşılan zorluklardır. ICSID Konvansiyonu’nun 54. maddesi her ne kadar devletlerin hakem mahkemesi kararlarına uymakla yükümlü olduklarını öngörmüş ise de doğrudan o devletin milli mahkemesinin kararı gibi uygulanma kabiliyeti yalnızca parasal yükümlülükler bakımından tanınmıştır. Burada devletlerin egemenliğine müdahaleden kaçınma kaygısı ön planda olsa da genel uluslararası hukuk uyarınca kararın icrası için başvurulabilecek yolların oldukça sınırlı olduğu ve takdir yetkisinin yatırımcıda değil, devlette olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde işletilebilecek bu mekanizmalara değinilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı Z, Milletlerarası Tahkim (4. Bs., Vedat Kitapçılık 2016).
  • Akkutay Aİ, Diplomatik Koruma ve İnsan Hakları İlişkisi (Adalet Yayınevi 2013).
  • Amerasinghe CF, Diplomatic Protection (Oxford University Press 2008).
  • Ataman Figanmeşe İ, ‘Milletlerarası Ticari Tahkim ile Yatırım Tahkimi Arasındaki Farklar’ (2011) 31(1) MHB 91.
  • Avşar M, ‘ICSID Konvansiyonu’na Göre Yatırım Kavramı’ (2017) 37(2) MHB 95.
  • Azaklı Köse M, Devletin Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkiminde Sorumluluğu (BM Uluslararası Hukuk Komisyonu Tasarısı Kapsamında) (Adalet Yayınevi 2021).
  • Baldwin E, Kantor M and Nolan M, ‘Limits to Enforcement of ICSID Awards’ (2006) 23(1) Journal of International Arbitration 1.
  • Bienvenu P and Valasek MJ, ‘Compensation for Unlawful Expropriation, and Other Recent Manifestations of the Principle of Full Reparation in International Investment Law’ in Albert Jan van den Berg (edn), 50 Years of the New York Convention : ICCA International Arbitration Conference, ICCA Congress Series, Vol. 14 (Kluwer International Law 2009).
  • Bilateral Investment Treaties 1995-2006: Trends in Investment Rulemaking; United Nations Publication, New York, and Geneva, 2007.
  • Birsel MT, ‘Türkiye’de Yabancı Hakem Kararlarının Tenfizinin Anayasal ve Küresel Boyutları’ (2005) 7 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1.
  • Chaika I, The Non-Enforcement of International Commercial Awards as a Violation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (International Hellenic University LLM Thesis 2015).
  • Crawford J and Olleson S, ‘The Application of the Rules of State Responsibility’ in Marc Bungenberg and Jörn Griebel (edn) International Investment Law (Beck, Hart, Nomos 2015).
  • Çalışkan Z, ‘Türkiye’nin Taraf Olduğu İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmalarda Yatırım Kavramı’ (2009) 29(1-2) MHB 85.
  • Demirkol B, ‘Enforcement of International Commerical Arbitration Agreements and Awards in Investment Treaty Arbitration’ (2015) 30(1) ICSID Review 56.
  • Dingwall J and Haeri H, ‘Jordan: ICSID Tribunals finds Jordan in Violation of its Investment Treaty Obligations’ (2010) 4 International Arbitration Law Review 1.
  • Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, (2001) 2 (Part Two) Yearbook of the International Law Commission.
  • Draguiev D, ‘State Responsibility For Non-Enforcement of Arbitral Awards’ (2014) 8(4) World Arbitration &Mediation Review 591.
  • Ekşi N, ICSID Hakem Kararlarının Tanınması Tenfizi ve İcrası (Beta 2009).
  • Francioni F, ‘Access to Justice, Denial of Justice and International Investment Law’ (2009) 20(3) The European Journal of International Law 729.
  • Gaffney JP, ‘The Jurisdiction Ratione Temporis of ICSID Tribunals’ (2007) 22(7) MEALEY’S International Arbitration Report 1.
  • Gaillard E and Savage J (eds), Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman On International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law International 1999).
  • Giray FK, Milletlerarası Yatırım Tahkiminde Kamulaştırmadan Doğan Tazminat ve Tazminatın Hesaplanmasında Kullanılan Yöntemler (2. Bs., Beta 2013).
  • Goldhaber MD, ‘The Rise of Arbitral Power Over Domestic Courts’ (2013) 1(2) Stanford Journal of Complex Litigation 374.
  • Grabowski A, ‘The Definition of Investment under the ICSID Convention: A Defense of Salini’ (2014) 15(1) Chicago Journal of International Law 289.
  • Gray C, ‘The Choice between Restitution and Compensation’ (1999) 10(2) EJIL 413.
  • King B and Moloo R, ‘Enforcement after the Arbitration: Strategic Considerations and Forum Choice’ (Arbitrate Atlanta, 2013).
  • Kronke H, ‘Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention’ (Kluwer Law International 2010).
  • Mehielle VOO, ‘Enforcing Arbitration Awards Under The International Convention For The Settlement Of Investment Disputes (ICSID Convention)’ (2001) 7(1) Annual Survey of International Law & Comparative Law 1.
  • Mistelis LA, Award as an Investment The Value of an Arbitral Award or The Cost of Non-Enforcement (Queen Mary University of London, School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 129, 2013).
  • Moses ML, The Principles and Practise of International Commercial Arbitration (Cambridge University Press 2008).
  • Nalçacıoğlu Erden HZ, Milletlerarası Yatırım Hukukunda Dolaylı Kamulaştırma, (1. Bs., On İki Levha 2015).
  • Nomer E, Ekşi N ve Öztekin Gelgel G, Milletlerarası Tahkim Hukuku Cilt I (5. Bs., Beta 2016).
  • Nomer E, Ekşi N ve Öztekin Gelgel G, Milletlerarası Tahkime İlişkin Mevzuat ve Antlaşmalar C. II (2. Bs., Beta 2014).
  • Özbay İ, Hakem Kararlarının Temyizi (Yetkin Yayınları 2004).
  • Partalcı R, ‘Yatırımların Karşılıklı Teşviki ve Korunması Antlaşmalarında Düzenlenen Adil ve Eşit Davranma Yükümlülüğü’ (2016) 36(2) MHB 131.
  • Paulsson J, Denial of Justice in International Law (Cambridge University Press 2005).
  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (14. Bs., Turhan Kitabevi 2015).
  • Priem C, ‘International Investment Treaty Arbitration as A Potential Check for Domestic Courts Refusing Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Award’ (2013) 10(189) NYU Journal of Law & Business 190.
  • Reed L and Martinez L, ‘Treaty Obligation to Honor Arbitral Awards and Diplomatic Protection’ in R. Doak Bishop (edn), Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards Against Sovereigns (JurisNet LLC 2009).
  • Rosenfeld F, Bridging the Gap between Investment and Commercial Arbitration (Global Fellows Forum, New York University School of Law 2014).
  • Schreuer C, ‘Alternative Remedies in Investment Arbitration’ (2016) 3(1) The Journal Of Damages In International Arbitration 1.
  • Schreuer C, ‘Investment Protection and International Relations’ in A. Reinisch and U. Kriebaum (edn), The Law of International Relations, Liber Amicorum Hanspeter Neuhold (Eleven Publishing 2007).
  • Schreuer C, ‘Investments, International Protection’ (2010) Encyclopedia of Public International Law 48.
  • Schreuer C, ‘Non-Pecuniary Remedies in ICSID Arbitration’ (2004) 20(4) Arbitration International 325.
  • Schreuer C, Malintoppi L, Reinisch A and Sinclair A, The ICSID Convention: A Commentary (2nd edn, Cambridge University Press 2009).
  • Shany Y, ‘Contract Claims Vs. Treaty Claims: Mapping Conflicts Between ICSID Decisions On Multisourced Investment Claims’ (2005) 99 The American Journal Of International Law 835.
  • Sur M, Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları (9. Bs., Beta 2015).
  • Şanlı C, Uluslararası Ticari Akitlerin Hazırlanması ve Uyuşmazlıkların Çözüm Yolları (7. Bs., Beta 2016).
  • Tellez FM, ‘Does the Annulment of Arbitral Awards By National Courts Engage State Responsibility Under International Law’ (2013) 16(CAR) CEPMLP Annual Review 1.
  • Tiryakioğlu B, Doğrudan Yatırımların Uluslararası Hukukta Korunması (Dayındarlı 2003).
  • Vannieuwenhuyse G, ‘Bringing a Dispute Concerning ICSID Cases and the ICSID Convention Before the International Court of Justice’ (2009) 8 The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 115.
  • Vinuales J and Bentolila D, ‘The Use of Alternative (Non-Judical) Means to Enforce Investment Awards Against States’ in Boisson de Chazournes, L., M. Kohen and J. E. Vinuales (edn), Diplomatic and Judical Means of Dispute Settlement: Assesing Their Interactions (Brill 2012).
  • Yılmaz İ, Uluslararası Yatırım Uyuşmazlıklarının Tahkim Yoluyla Çözümü ve ICSID (Beta 2004).
  • Yu HL, ‘A Theoretical Overview of the Foundations of International Commercial Arbitration’ (2008) 1(2) Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 255.
  • ATA Construction, Industrial and Trading Company v. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/2 (18 May 2010).
  • ATA Construction, Industrial and Trading Company v. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Decision on Interpretation and on the Request for Provisional Measures, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/2 (07 March 2011).
  • Chevron Corporation (USA) and Texaco Petroleum Company (USA) v. The Republic of Ecuador, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. 34877 (1 December 2008).
  • Emilio Agustín Maffezini v The Kingdom of Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7 (25 January 2000).
  • Enron Corporation and Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v. The Argentine Republic, Decision on Jurisdiction, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/3 (14 January 2004).
  • GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/16 (31 March 2011).
  • Generation Ukraine INC. v. Ukraine, Award, ICSID Case No ARB/00/9 (16 September 2003).
  • Germany v. Poland, Case Concerning the Factory at Chorzow, Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A., No. 9, Judgement No. 13 (13 September 1928).
  • Impregilo S.p.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/3 (22 April 2005).
  • Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, S.C. European Food S.A, S.C. Starmill S.R.L. and S.C. Multipack S.R.L. v. Romania [I], ICSID Case No. ARB/05/20 (24 September 2008).
  • Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v USA) (1928) RIAA vol II, 829.
  • Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/13 (16 June 2006).
  • M.C.I. Power Group L.C. and New Turbine, Inc. v. Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/6 (31 July 2007).
  • Mondev International Ltd. v. United States of America, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/99/2 (11 October 2002).
  • Saipem S.p.A. v. People’s Republic of Bangladesh, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/7 (30 June 2009).
  • Siemens A.G. v. The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/8 (17 January 2007).
  • White Industries Australia Ltd. v. Republic of India, UNCITRAL, Final Award, 30.11.2011.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Miray Azaklı Köse 0000-0002-9723-8618

Melis Avşar 0000-0001-7957-6851

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Azaklı Köse, M., & Avşar, M. (2021). Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, 41(2), 605-644.
AMA Azaklı Köse M, Avşar M. Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler. PPIL. Aralık 2021;41(2):605-644.
Chicago Azaklı Köse, Miray, ve Melis Avşar. “Ata V Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 41, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 605-44.
EndNote Azaklı Köse M, Avşar M (01 Aralık 2021) Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 41 2 605–644.
IEEE M. Azaklı Köse ve M. Avşar, “Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler”, PPIL, c. 41, sy. 2, ss. 605–644, 2021.
ISNAD Azaklı Köse, Miray - Avşar, Melis. “Ata V Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 41/2 (Aralık 2021), 605-644.
JAMA Azaklı Köse M, Avşar M. Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler. PPIL. 2021;41:605–644.
MLA Azaklı Köse, Miray ve Melis Avşar. “Ata V Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, c. 41, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 605-44.
Vancouver Azaklı Köse M, Avşar M. Ata v Jordan Kararı Kapsamında Uluslararası Yatırım Tahkimine İlişkin Bazı Meseleler. PPIL. 2021;41(2):605-44.