ÇOCUKLARDA KALP YETMEZLİĞİ - II
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 12 - 26, 23.03.2014
Tuba Kasap
,
Hakan Aykan
Tevfik Karagöz
Öz
Çocuklarda kalp yetmezliği klinik bir sendrom olup kalbin, vücudun metabolik ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamaması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu tablo acil tedavi gerektiren yüksek riskli bir durum olduğundan tanı ve tedavideki gecikmeler mortalite ve morbiditede artışa neden olmaktadır. Bu derlemede çocuklarda kalp yetmezliğinin akut ve kronik dönemdeki tedavisi üzerinde durulmuştur.Akut dekompanse kalp yetmezliği ile başvuran bir hasta mümkünse yoğun bakım şartlarında izleme alınmalı ve sürekli EKG ile monitorize edilmelidir. Tedaviye başlamadan önce KY’nin derecesini ve hastanın klinik tablosunu değerlendirmek yol göstericidir. 2002 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada hastalar konjesyon varlığı ve perfüzyon durumlarına göre A, B, C ve D olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmış ve tıbbi müdahalenin buna göre yapılması hedeflenmiştir
Kaynakça
- Stevenson LW. Treatment of congestive heart failure. JAMA 2002;287:2209–2210.
- Kirk R, Dipchand AI, Rosenthal DN et al. The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the management of pediatric heart failure: executive summary. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014;33(9):888-909.
- Kantor PF, Mertens LL. Clinical practice: heart failure in children. Part I: clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, and initial medical management. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169(3):269-279.
- Tallman TA, Peacock WF, Emerman CL et al. Noninvasive ventilation outcomes in 2430 acute decompensated heart failure patients: an ADHERE registry analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2008;15:355–362.
- Mc Clellan WM, Flanders WD, Langston RD et al. Anemia and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for death among patients with congestive heart failure admitted to community hospitals: a population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:1928–1936.
- Stough WG, O’Connor CM, Gheorghiade M. Overview of current noninodilator therapies for acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:41–46.
- Karagöz T. Konjestif kalp yetmezliği. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi-Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı ve Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsü Yayını 2008;30(5):707-717.
- Rettig GF, Schieffer HJ. Acute effects of intravenous milrinone in heart failure. Eur Heart J 1989;10:39–43.
- Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM et al. Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation 2003;107:996–1002.
- Lee J, Kim GB, Kwon HW et al. Safety and efficacy of the off-label use of milrinone in pediatric patients with heart diseases. Korean Circ J 2014;44(5):320-327.
- Ryerson LM, Alexander PMA, Butt WW, Shann FA, Penny DJ, Shekerdemian LS. Rotating inotrope therapy in a pediatric population with decompensated heart failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011;12: 57-60.
- Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A et al. Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29(12): 1535-52.
- Jefferies JL, Denfield SW, Price JF, et al. A prospective evaluation of nesiritide in the treatment of pediatric heart failure. Pediatr Cardiol 2006;27:402-407.
- Namachivayam P, Crossland DS, Butt WW et al. Early experience with Levosimendan in children with ventricular dysfunction. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006;7:445-448.
- Anonymous. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525–533.
- Ahmed A, Rich MW, Love TE et al. Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial. Eur Heart J 2006;27:178–186.
- Kantor PF, Mertens LL. Clinical practice: heart failure in children. Part II: current maintenance therapy and new therapeutic approaches. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169:403-410.
- Schneeweiss A. Cardiovascular drugs in children. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pediatric patients. Pediatr Cardiol 1990;11:199-207.
- Dzau VJ, Bernstein K, Celermajer D et al. The relevance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme: manifestations in mechanistic and endpoint data. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:1L–20L.
- Shaddy RE, Boucek MM, Hsu DT et al. Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298:1171–1179.
- Prijic S, Kosutic J, Vukomanovic V, Prijic A, Bjelakovic B, Zdravkovic M. Beta-Blockers (Carvedilol) in Children with Systemic Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2014;9(2):68-75.
- Weber KT, Brilla CG. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 1991;83:1849–1865.
- Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H et al. Effect of spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodelling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:574–581
- Abbas S, Ihle P, Harder S, Schubert I. Risk of hyperkalemia and combined use of spironolactone and long-term ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in heart failure using real-life data: a population- and insurance-based cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(4):406-413.
- Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;31:5:CD005351.
- Janousek J, Gebauer RA. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008;31,Suppl 1:S21-3.
- Dubin AM, Janousek J, Rhee E et al. Resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: an international multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2277-2283.
- Birks EJ, Tansley PD, Hardy J et al. Left ventricular assist device and drug therapy for the reversal of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2006;355(18):1873-1884.
- Canter CE, Shaddy RE, Bernstein D. Indications for heart transplantation in pediatric heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007;115(5):658-676.
Heart Failure in Children-II
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 12 - 26, 23.03.2014
Tuba Kasap
,
Hakan Aykan
Tevfik Karagöz
Öz
Çocuklarda kalp yetmezliği klinik bir sendrom olup kalbin, vücudun metabolik ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamaması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu tablo acil tedavi gerektiren yüksek riskli bir durum olduğundan tanı ve tedavideki gecikmeler mortalite ve morbiditede artışa neden olmaktadır. Bu derlemede çocuklarda kalp yetmezliğinin akut ve kronik dönemdeki tedavisi üzerinde durulmuştur.Akut dekompanse kalp yetmezliği ile başvuran bir hasta mümkünse yoğun bakım şartlarında izleme alınmalı ve sürekli EKG ile monitorize edilmelidir. Tedaviye başlamadan önce KY’nin derecesini ve hastanın klinik tablosunu değerlendirmek yol göstericidir. 2002 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada hastalar konjesyon varlığı ve perfüzyon durumlarına göre A, B, C ve D olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmış ve tıbbi müdahalenin buna göre yapılması hedeflenmiştir
Kaynakça
- Stevenson LW. Treatment of congestive heart failure. JAMA 2002;287:2209–2210.
- Kirk R, Dipchand AI, Rosenthal DN et al. The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the management of pediatric heart failure: executive summary. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014;33(9):888-909.
- Kantor PF, Mertens LL. Clinical practice: heart failure in children. Part I: clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, and initial medical management. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169(3):269-279.
- Tallman TA, Peacock WF, Emerman CL et al. Noninvasive ventilation outcomes in 2430 acute decompensated heart failure patients: an ADHERE registry analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2008;15:355–362.
- Mc Clellan WM, Flanders WD, Langston RD et al. Anemia and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for death among patients with congestive heart failure admitted to community hospitals: a population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:1928–1936.
- Stough WG, O’Connor CM, Gheorghiade M. Overview of current noninodilator therapies for acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:41–46.
- Karagöz T. Konjestif kalp yetmezliği. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi-Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı ve Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsü Yayını 2008;30(5):707-717.
- Rettig GF, Schieffer HJ. Acute effects of intravenous milrinone in heart failure. Eur Heart J 1989;10:39–43.
- Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM et al. Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation 2003;107:996–1002.
- Lee J, Kim GB, Kwon HW et al. Safety and efficacy of the off-label use of milrinone in pediatric patients with heart diseases. Korean Circ J 2014;44(5):320-327.
- Ryerson LM, Alexander PMA, Butt WW, Shann FA, Penny DJ, Shekerdemian LS. Rotating inotrope therapy in a pediatric population with decompensated heart failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011;12: 57-60.
- Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A et al. Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29(12): 1535-52.
- Jefferies JL, Denfield SW, Price JF, et al. A prospective evaluation of nesiritide in the treatment of pediatric heart failure. Pediatr Cardiol 2006;27:402-407.
- Namachivayam P, Crossland DS, Butt WW et al. Early experience with Levosimendan in children with ventricular dysfunction. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006;7:445-448.
- Anonymous. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525–533.
- Ahmed A, Rich MW, Love TE et al. Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial. Eur Heart J 2006;27:178–186.
- Kantor PF, Mertens LL. Clinical practice: heart failure in children. Part II: current maintenance therapy and new therapeutic approaches. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169:403-410.
- Schneeweiss A. Cardiovascular drugs in children. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pediatric patients. Pediatr Cardiol 1990;11:199-207.
- Dzau VJ, Bernstein K, Celermajer D et al. The relevance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme: manifestations in mechanistic and endpoint data. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:1L–20L.
- Shaddy RE, Boucek MM, Hsu DT et al. Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298:1171–1179.
- Prijic S, Kosutic J, Vukomanovic V, Prijic A, Bjelakovic B, Zdravkovic M. Beta-Blockers (Carvedilol) in Children with Systemic Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2014;9(2):68-75.
- Weber KT, Brilla CG. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 1991;83:1849–1865.
- Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H et al. Effect of spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodelling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:574–581
- Abbas S, Ihle P, Harder S, Schubert I. Risk of hyperkalemia and combined use of spironolactone and long-term ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in heart failure using real-life data: a population- and insurance-based cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(4):406-413.
- Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;31:5:CD005351.
- Janousek J, Gebauer RA. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008;31,Suppl 1:S21-3.
- Dubin AM, Janousek J, Rhee E et al. Resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: an international multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2277-2283.
- Birks EJ, Tansley PD, Hardy J et al. Left ventricular assist device and drug therapy for the reversal of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2006;355(18):1873-1884.
- Canter CE, Shaddy RE, Bernstein D. Indications for heart transplantation in pediatric heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007;115(5):658-676.