Türkiye’de Emzirme Konusunda Yapılan Hemşirelik Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmalarının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Ek - IRUPEC 2019 Kongresi Tam Metin Bildirileri, 557 - 563, 10.12.2019

Menekşe Nazlı Aker

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de son beş yılda emzirme konusunda yapılmış hemşirelik alanındaki lisansüstü tez çalışmalarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem:
Çalışmada verilerin toplanması amacıyla alan yazın taraması yapılmış, daha sonra Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi Veri Tabanı’nda “emzirme” anahtar kelimesi ile tarama yapılmıştır. Tarama sonunda 52 lisansüstü tez belirlenmiş ve bu tezlerin künye bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır.

Bulgular:
Ulusal Tez Merkezi Veri Tabanı’nda tüm bilim dalları incelendiğinde emzirme konusunda yapılan tezlerden %44.1’inin hemşirelik alanında yapıldığı görülmüştür. Hemşirelik alanında yapılan tezlerden 44’ü yüksek lisans, 8’i doktora düzeyinde yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmalardan 51’inde nicel, 1’inde nitel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Nicel yöntemle yapılan tezlerin 18’i yarı deneysel/deneysel, 28’i tanımlayıcı/kesitsel, 4’ü metadolojik, 1’i olgu-kontrol çalışmasıdır. En çok araştırılan konular; hemşireler tarafından verilen emzirme eğitimi ve emzirme danışmanlığının emzirme üzerine etkileri (%25), farklı gruplarda (adölesan, obez, sezaryen doğum yapan, vb.) emzirme öz yeterliliği ve emzirme başarısı (%23.07), emzirme öz yeterliliğini etkileyen faktörler (%15.4) ve emzirme ile ilgili ölçeklerin Türkçe’ye uyarlanma çalışmalarıdır (%7.7). Bu çalışmaların sadece biri babalar ile yapılmış olup, diğer bütün çalışmalarda anneler çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Sonuç:
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; hemşireler tarafından verilen emzirme eğitimi ve danışmanlığının annelerin emzirme özyeterlilik algısını, emzirme başarısını, emzirmeye yönelik olumlu uygulamalarını arttırdığı, sadece anne sütü ile beslenme süresini uzattığı, doğum sonu depresyon riskini düşürdüğü ve yaşam kalitesini yükselttiği belirlenmiştir. Emzirme eğitimlerine ve emzirme danışmanlığına gebelik döneminde başlanması ve bu eğitimlere babalarında dâhil edilmesinin önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Emzirme öz yeterliliğinin anne bebek bağlanması, uyku düzeni, eşler arasındaki ilişki, evlilik uyumu, doğum sonu konfor, annenin sosyal desteği gibi faktörlerden etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca farklı gruplardaki bireylerin ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve bu ihtiyaçlara göre emzirme danışmanlığının planlanması gerektiği belirtilmiştir.
Emzirme konusundaki lisansüstü tez çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunun hemşireler tarafından yürütülmüş olması, hemşirelerin bu konuda önemli rolü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu konuda kanıtların geliştirilmesi için hemşirelik alanında randomize kontrollü çalışmaların artırılması ve babaların da çalışmalara dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emzirme, hemşirelik, bebek beslenmesi

Kaynakça

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