Afetlere En Çok Maruz Kalan Seçili Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Afet Risk Yönetimi Harcamalarının Yapısal Belirleyicileri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, afet risk yönetimi toplam harcamalarının (DRME-aryth) makroekonomik, sosyal-kırılganlık ve demografik belirleyicilerini, afetlere en çok maruz kalan gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasındaki yapısal heterojeniteyi dikkate alarak karşılaştırmalı bir panel veri yaklaşımıyla incelemektedir. Literatürde afetlerin makroekonomik etkileri yoğun biçimde tartışılsa da, DRME-aryth'nin çok boyutlu belirleyicilerini ülkeler arası kalkınma düzeylerine göre analiz eden çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmanın temel özgünlüğü, afet harcamalarını etkileyen yapısal faktörlerin etkilerinin kalkınma düzeyine göre nasıl farklılaştığını ampirik olarak ortaya koymasıdır.. Araştırma, 2014–2023 dönemini kapsayan veriler üzerinden, farklı ülke grupları için ayrışan harcama modellerini ortaya koyarak bu boşluğu gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler (EMDEs-GOÜ) modelinde, afet sonrası ekonomik zararların DRME-aryth üzerinde güçlü ve anlamlı negatif bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, EMDEs-GOÜ'lerin afet sonrası finansman için ulusal kapasite yerine dış yardımlara ve uluslararası finansal mekanizmalara bağımlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Gelişmiş Ülkeler (DCs-GÜ) modelinde ise harcamalar üzerinde yaşlı nüfus oranı ve mali kapasite belirleyici olurken, okuryazarlık oranı her iki ülke grubu için de anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, harcama davranışlarında gözlenen yapısal kırılma yılları (yani harcama politikasındaki dönüşüm dönemleri) iki ülke grubu için farklı belirlenmiştir: gelişmiş ülkeler için 2016, gelişmekte olan ülkeler için ise 2021'dir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet Ekonomisi
• Karşılaştırmalı Panel Veri Analizi
• Mali Asimetri
• Yapısal Heterojenite
• Afet Risk Yönetimi Harcamaları (ARYTH)
• Afet Risk Yönetimi

Destekleyen Kurum

Finansman: Bu çalışma herhangi bir kişi veya kurumdan mali destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın Etik Beyanı: Bu çalışmanın ihtiyaçları gerçekçi ve etik ilkelere uygun biçimde karşılanacak şekilde tasarlandığı; verilerin elde edilmesinde, çalışmanın sonuçlandırılmasında ve sonuçların yayımlanmasında bilimsel dürüstlüğün korunduğu beyan edilmektedir. Bu araştırma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerektiren herhangi bir araştırma yürütülmemiştir.

Teşekkür

Prof. Dr. Ferda Yerdelen Tatoğlu'na bu makalenin hazırlanması sürecindeki değerli rehberlikleri ve içgörülü geri bildirimleri için içten teşekkürlerimizi sunmak isteriz. Onun uzmanlığı ve teşviki, bu çalışmanın geliştirilmesi ve iyileştirilmesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunmuştur.

Structural Determinants of Disaster Risk Management Expenditures in Selected Developed and Developing Countries Most Exposed to Disasters: A Comparative Panel Data Analysis

Öz

This study employs a comparative panel data approach to examine the macroeconomic, social-vulnerability, and demographic determinants of Disaster Risk Management Expenditures (DRME-aryth), considering the structural heterogeneity among selected developed and developing countries most exposed to disasters. Although the macroeconomic impacts of disasters are extensively discussed in the literature, studies analyzing the multi-dimensional determinants of DRME-aryth across different development levels remain limited. By presenting distinct expenditure models for different country groups using data spanning the 2014–2023 period, this research aims to bridge this gap. The main originality of the study lies in providing empirical evidence on how structural factors affecting disaster expenditures vary across development levels. The analysis results indicate that in the Developing Countries (EMDEs-GOÜ) model, post-disaster economic losses have a strong and significant negative impact on DRME-aryth. This finding suggests that these countries rely on external aid and international financial mechanisms instead of national capacity for post-disaster financing. Conversely, in the Developed Countries (DCs-GÜ) model, the elderly population share and fiscal capacity are found to be decisive factors, while the literacy rate is significant for both country groups. Furthermore, the structural break years (i.e., the years marking shifts in expenditure policy) also differ between the two country groups: 2016 for developed countries and 2021 for developing countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster Economics
• Comparative Panel Data Analysis
• Fiscal Asymmetry
• Structural Heterogeneity
• Disaster Risk Management Expenditures (DRME)
• Disaster Risk Management

Destekleyen Kurum

Funding: The study did not receive any financial support from individuals or institutions.

Etik Beyan

Ethical Considerations of the Study: It is declared that the study was designed to realistically and ethically meet the needs, and that integrity was maintaining in obtaining data, concluding the study, and publishing the results. Ethical committee approval was not required for this research. No research requiring ethics committee approval was conducted in this study.

Teşekkür

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ferda Yerdelen Tatoğlu for her valuable guidance and insightful feedback throughout the preparation of this article. Her expertise and encouragement has significantly contributed to the development and improvement of this study.

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