Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2021, , 163 - 185, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.941924

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Van Yüzüncü Yıl University

References

  • Adams, E. (1999). Vocational teacher stress and internal characteristics. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 16, 7-22.
  • Adams, E. (1999). Vocational teacher stress and internal characteristics. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 16, 7-22.
  • Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., &Alhajhoj, R. H. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technological Society. 63, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
  • Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., &Alhajhoj, R. H. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technological Society. 63, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Research methods in social sciences with SPSS application. Sakarya Yayıncılık
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Research methods in social sciences with SPSS application. Sakarya Yayıncılık
  • Amin, K. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Dsouza, D. D. (2020). Online gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Strategies for work-life balance. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1
  • Amin, K. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Dsouza, D. D. (2020). Online gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Strategies for work-life balance. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1
  • Arevalo, S., Prado, G. & Amaro, H. (2008). Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in women receiving treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(1), 113-123.
  • Arevalo, S., Prado, G. & Amaro, H. (2008). Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in women receiving treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(1), 113-123.
  • Avena, N. M., Simkus, J., Lewandowski, A., Gold, M. S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Substance use disorders and behavioral addictions during the covid-19 pandemic and covid-19-related restrictions. Frontiers Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653674
  • Avena, N. M., Simkus, J., Lewandowski, A., Gold, M. S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Substance use disorders and behavioral addictions during the covid-19 pandemic and covid-19-related restrictions. Frontiers Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653674
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T.M., Greenberg, D.M… Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T.M., Greenberg, D.M… Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4
  • Besser, A., Lotem, S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2020). Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: Implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Voice, S0892-1997(20)30190-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.028
  • Besser, A., Lotem, S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2020). Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: Implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Voice, S0892-1997(20)30190-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.028
  • Brecher, E. M. (1972). The consumers Union Report on licit and illicit drugs. Retrieved September 15 2021 from https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/blueline.gf
  • Brecher, E. M. (1972). The consumers Union Report on licit and illicit drugs. Retrieved September 15 2021 from https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/blueline.gf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2016). Scientific reseach methods. Pegem Academy.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2016). Scientific reseach methods. Pegem Academy.
  • Çelik, Ş. N. (2019). Evaluation of the English language teaching undergraduate education program implemented in Turkey in line with the opinions of students, instructors and English teachers. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Çelik, Ş. N. (2019). Evaluation of the English language teaching undergraduate education program implemented in Turkey in line with the opinions of students, instructors and English teachers. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano-Clark V. (2009). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano-Clark V. (2009). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Demirtepe-Saygili, D. (2020). Stress, coping, and social media use. In: Desjarlais, M. (Eds.). Psychology and Dynamics Behind Social Media Interactions (pp. 241-267). https://.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9412-3.ch010
  • Demirtepe-Saygili, D. (2020). Stress, coping, and social media use. In: Desjarlais, M. (Eds.). Psychology and Dynamics Behind Social Media Interactions (pp. 241-267). https://.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9412-3.ch010
  • Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 9(1), 13-28.
  • Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 9(1), 13-28.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700048017
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700048017
  • Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
  • Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L. et al. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L. et al. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Grant, J. E. & Potenza, M. N. (2005) Pathological gambling and other behavioral addictions. In: Frances R, J., Miller S, I., & Mack, A. H. (Eds.). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. (3rd ed., pp. 303-320). Guildford Press.
  • Grant, J. E. & Potenza, M. N. (2005) Pathological gambling and other behavioral addictions. In: Frances R, J., Miller S, I., & Mack, A. H. (Eds.). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. (3rd ed., pp. 303-320). Guildford Press.
  • Grant, J. E., Brewer, J. A. & Potenza, M. N. (2006). The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. CNS Spectrums, 11, 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001511x
  • Grant, J. E., Brewer, J. A. & Potenza, M. N. (2006). The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. CNS Spectrums, 11, 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001511x
  • Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. & Gorelick, D. A. (2010) Introduction to behavioral addictions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
  • Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. & Gorelick, D. A. (2010) Introduction to behavioral addictions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
  • Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal, 93(4), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1086/461729
  • Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal, 93(4), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1086/461729
  • Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191
  • Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191
  • Jaspal, R., Lopes, B. & Lopes, P. (2020) Fear, social isolation and compulsive buying in response to COVID-19 in a religiously diverse UK sample. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(5), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1784119
  • Jaspal, R., Lopes, B. & Lopes, P. (2020) Fear, social isolation and compulsive buying in response to COVID-19 in a religiously diverse UK sample. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(5), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1784119
  • Kadeswaran, S. Bridha, D. & Jayaseelan, R. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and smartphone usage, education or entertainment among medical, engineering and arts students. In: Shaik, Z. B. & Kumari, B. (Eds.). Covid-19 and Its Impact on Lockdown. (1st ed., pp. 15-34). ESN publications.
  • Kadeswaran, S. Bridha, D. & Jayaseelan, R. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and smartphone usage, education or entertainment among medical, engineering and arts students. In: Shaik, Z. B. & Kumari, B. (Eds.). Covid-19 and Its Impact on Lockdown. (1st ed., pp. 15-34). ESN publications.
  • Kashan, M. (2020). Social media addiction due to coronavirus. International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review, 3(04), 331-336.
  • Kashan, M. (2020). Social media addiction due to coronavirus. International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review, 3(04), 331-336.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. & Lee, H. B. (1999). Foundations of behavioral research. Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. & Lee, H. B. (1999). Foundations of behavioral research. Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Khan, S., Liu, J., & Xue, M. (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 310. https:doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00310
  • Khan, S., Liu, J., & Xue, M. (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 310. https:doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00310
  • Khademian, F., Delavari, S., Koohjani, Z., & Khademian, Z. (2021). An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(275). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10329-3
  • Khademian, F., Delavari, S., Koohjani, Z., & Khademian, Z. (2021). An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(275). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10329-3
  • King, D.L., Delfabbro, P., Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. (2020) Problematic online gaming and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
  • King, D.L., Delfabbro, P., Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. (2020) Problematic online gaming and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
  • Király, O., Potenza, M. N., Stein, D. J., King, D. L., Hodgins, D. C., Saunders, J. B…& Demetrovics, Z. (2020). Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 100. 152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180
  • Király, O., Potenza, M. N., Stein, D. J., King, D. L., Hodgins, D. C., Saunders, J. B…& Demetrovics, Z. (2020). Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 100. 152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180
  • Kırcaburun, K. (2017). Examination of the relationship between Instagram addiction, personality traits and self-love among university students. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Sakarya University.
  • Kırcaburun, K. (2017). Examination of the relationship between Instagram addiction, personality traits and self-love among university students. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Sakarya University.
  • Kızılok, G. E. & Özok, H. (2021). Teachers’ views on stress and internet addiction due to cultural differences. Participatory Educational Research, 8(3), 441-467. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.75.8.3
  • Kızılok, G. E. & Özok, H. (2021). Teachers’ views on stress and internet addiction due to cultural differences. Participatory Educational Research, 8(3), 441-467. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.75.8.3
  • Kızılok, G. E. (2021). Investigation of teachers' stress sources and behavioral addiction tendencies during the Covid-19 epidemic process. [Unpublished Masters Thesis] Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Kızılok, G. E. (2021). Investigation of teachers' stress sources and behavioral addiction tendencies during the Covid-19 epidemic process. [Unpublished Masters Thesis] Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Lamblin M., Murawski C., Whittle S., Fornito A. (2007). Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010
  • Lamblin M., Murawski C., Whittle S., Fornito A. (2007). Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
  • Li, Q., Miao, Y., Zeng, X., Tarimo, C. S., Wu, C., & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 11(7), 45386. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017
  • Li, Q., Miao, Y., Zeng, X., Tarimo, C. S., Wu, C., & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 11(7), 45386. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017
  • Lima, C. K. T, Carvalho, P. M. M., Lima, I. A. A., S, Nunes, J. V. A. O, Saraiva, J. S., … Neto, M. L. R. (2020) The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatric Researches, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
  • Lima, C. K. T, Carvalho, P. M. M., Lima, I. A. A., S, Nunes, J. V. A. O, Saraiva, J. S., … Neto, M. L. R. (2020) The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatric Researches, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, N., Wang, X., Fan, Q., Zhang, Y., … Li, M. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 144-148. https://doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, N., Wang, X., Fan, Q., Zhang, Y., … Li, M. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 144-148. https://doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004
  • MacDonald, C. J. (1993). Coping with stress during the teaching practicum: The student teacher's perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 39(4), 407-418.
  • MacDonald, C. J. (1993). Coping with stress during the teaching practicum: The student teacher's perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 39(4), 407-418.
  • MacIntre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352
  • MacIntre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352
  • Mackson, S. B., Brochu, P. M. & Schneider, B. A. (2019). Instagram: Friend or foe?. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2160-2182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819840021
  • Mackson, S. B., Brochu, P. M. & Schneider, B. A. (2019). Instagram: Friend or foe?. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2160-2182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819840021
  • MacLaren V. V., Best L. A. (2010) Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 252–255.
  • MacLaren V. V., Best L. A. (2010) Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 252–255.
  • Marsden, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Hickman, M., Holmes, J., Humphreys, K., et al. (2020) Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders. Addiction 2020, 115, 1007–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15080
  • Marsden, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Hickman, M., Holmes, J., Humphreys, K., et al. (2020) Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders. Addiction 2020, 115, 1007–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15080
  • Mertens, D. M. (2015). Mixed methods and wicked problems. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814562944
  • Mertens, D. M. (2015). Mixed methods and wicked problems. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814562944
  • Mestre-Bach, G., Blycker, G.R. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 181-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.2020.00015
  • Mestre-Bach, G., Blycker, G.R. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 181-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.2020.00015
  • Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 234–257). Free Press.
  • Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 234–257). Free Press.
  • Okasaka, Y., Morita, N., Nakatani, Y., & Fujisawa, K. (2008). Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 84–92.
  • Okasaka, Y., Morita, N., Nakatani, Y., & Fujisawa, K. (2008). Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 84–92.
  • Orte, C., Brage, L., & Caldentey, L. (2020). COVID-19 and pornography traffic in spain: how to prevent the social effects of its consumption in families. Retrieved 19 July 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341496581_COVID19_and_Pornography_Traffic_in_Spain_How_to_Prevent_the_Social_Effects_of_its_Consumption_in_Families/link/5ec4bfc4458515626cb84aa7/download
  • Orte, C., Brage, L., & Caldentey, L. (2020). COVID-19 and pornography traffic in spain: how to prevent the social effects of its consumption in families. Retrieved 19 July 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341496581_COVID19_and_Pornography_Traffic_in_Spain_How_to_Prevent_the_Social_Effects_of_its_Consumption_in_Families/link/5ec4bfc4458515626cb84aa7/download
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak-Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish Society: The importance of society. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak-Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish Society: The importance of society. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Park, W.K. (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction. In: Mobile Communications. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 253-272). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-248-9_17
  • Park, W.K. (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction. In: Mobile Communications. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 253-272). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-248-9_17
  • Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
  • Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
  • Prado-Gascó, V., Gómez-Domínguez, M. T., Soto-Rubio, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., & Navarro-Mateu, D. (2020). Stay at home and teach: A comparative study of psychosocial risks between Spain and Mexico during the pandemic. Frontiers Psychology. 11(566900). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900
  • Prado-Gascó, V., Gómez-Domínguez, M. T., Soto-Rubio, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., & Navarro-Mateu, D. (2020). Stay at home and teach: A comparative study of psychosocial risks between Spain and Mexico during the pandemic. Frontiers Psychology. 11(566900). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900
  • Price, A. (2020). Online gambling in the midst of Covid-19: A nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1
  • Price, A. (2020). Online gambling in the midst of Covid-19: A nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1
  • Rao, T. S., & Andrade, C. (2020). Sexual behavior in the days of COVID-19. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820934987
  • Rao, T. S., & Andrade, C. (2020). Sexual behavior in the days of COVID-19. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820934987
  • Rodriguez-Hidalgo, A. J. Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., & Falla, D. (2020) Fear of Covid-19, stress and anxiety in university graduate students: A predictive model for depression. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 591797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
  • Rodriguez-Hidalgo, A. J. Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., & Falla, D. (2020) Fear of Covid-19, stress and anxiety in university graduate students: A predictive model for depression. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 591797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Brief symptom inventory: Adaptation for Turkish youth. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Brief symptom inventory: Adaptation for Turkish youth. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Semaille, P. (2009) The new types of addiction. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles, 30(22), 335– 357.
  • Semaille, P. (2009) The new types of addiction. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles, 30(22), 335– 357.
  • Slisco A. (2020). Americans binged on video games, shrugged offsocial media as pandemic restrictions kicked in, Verizonsays. Retrieved 15 May 2021 from https://www.newsweek.com/instead-working-homemost-americans-are-using-self-isolation-catch-video-games-1493129
  • Slisco A. (2020). Americans binged on video games, shrugged offsocial media as pandemic restrictions kicked in, Verizonsays. Retrieved 15 May 2021 from https://www.newsweek.com/instead-working-homemost-americans-are-using-self-isolation-catch-video-games-1493129
  • Small, G. & Vorgan, G. (2010). The naked lady who stood on her head. Harpers Collins, Inc
  • Small, G. & Vorgan, G. (2010). The naked lady who stood on her head. Harpers Collins, Inc
  • Tajan, N. (2015). Social withdrawal and psychiatry: A comprehensive review of Hikikomori. Retrieved July 15 2021 from https://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/991843
  • Tajan, N. (2015). Social withdrawal and psychiatry: A comprehensive review of Hikikomori. Retrieved July 15 2021 from https://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/991843
  • Talbot, K., & Mercer, S. (2018). Exploring university ESL/EFL teachers’ emotional well-being and emotional regulation in the United States, Japan and Austria. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 41, 410-432. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2018-0031
  • Talbot, K., & Mercer, S. (2018). Exploring university ESL/EFL teachers’ emotional well-being and emotional regulation in the United States, Japan and Austria. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 41, 410-432. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2018-0031
  • Taş, İ., Eker, H. ve Anlı, G. (2014) Investigation of internet and game addiction levels of secondary school students. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 37-57.
  • Taş, İ., Eker, H. ve Anlı, G. (2014) Investigation of internet and game addiction levels of secondary school students. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 37-57.
  • Thege, B., Woodin, E. M., Hodgins, D. C., & Williams, R. J. (2015). Natural course of behavioral addictions: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0383-3
  • Thege, B., Woodin, E. M., Hodgins, D. C., & Williams, R. J. (2015). Natural course of behavioral addictions: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0383-3
  • U.S. Department of Justice. (2011). The economic impact of illicit drug use on American society. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf#page=29&zoom=100,0,0
  • U.S. Department of Justice. (2011). The economic impact of illicit drug use on American society. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf#page=29&zoom=100,0,0
  • Ungless, M. A., Argilli, E., & Bonci, A. (2010). Effects of stress and aversion on dopamine neurons: Implications for addiction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.006
  • Ungless, M. A., Argilli, E., & Bonci, A. (2010). Effects of stress and aversion on dopamine neurons: Implications for addiction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.006
  • Walker. M. B. (1989). Some problems with the concept of "Gambling Addiction": Should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling? Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5(3), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024386
  • Walker. M. B. (1989). Some problems with the concept of "Gambling Addiction": Should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling? Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5(3), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024386
  • Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020) COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Death Studies. https://10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
  • Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020) COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Death Studies. https://10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
  • We are Social Report (2020). https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/04/digital-around-the-world-in-april-2020.
  • We are Social Report (2020). https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/04/digital-around-the-world-in-april-2020.

Stress Sources and Behavioral Addiction Inclinations of Teachers in the Covid-19 Outbreak

Year 2021, , 163 - 185, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.941924

Abstract

In the period of COVID-19, which has become the biggest epidemic disease of modern times, measures taken to avoid the spread of the virus, such as house restrictions or prolonged quarantine, cause insurmountable economic burdens at the social level and lead the masses to experience various negative emotional reactions, psychological difficulties and behavioral changes. The aim of this research is to determine stress sources of teachers during the COVID-19 and their behavioral addiction tendencies. For this purpose, 24 teachers from Van province İpekyolu, Tusba and Edremit districts participated in the study. The research was designed with a mixed pattern, and sequential exploratory design was used. First, the qualitative data is collected and analyzed by a semi-structured interview form, and then "Brief Symptom Inventory" was applied to the participants to collect the supportive quantitative data. While content analysis and descriptive analysis were used in the analysis of qualitative data, descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the data collected from the inventory, and t test was used for relationship analysis. In this study, it was found that (1) the biggest stress sources of teachers were restriction of social life and fear of getting infected, (2) they developed smartphone and social media addiction tendencies to cope with this stress, and (3) female teachers developed more depression and anxiety in this process compared to men.

References

  • Adams, E. (1999). Vocational teacher stress and internal characteristics. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 16, 7-22.
  • Adams, E. (1999). Vocational teacher stress and internal characteristics. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 16, 7-22.
  • Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., &Alhajhoj, R. H. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technological Society. 63, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
  • Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., &Alhajhoj, R. H. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technological Society. 63, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Research methods in social sciences with SPSS application. Sakarya Yayıncılık
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Research methods in social sciences with SPSS application. Sakarya Yayıncılık
  • Amin, K. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Dsouza, D. D. (2020). Online gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Strategies for work-life balance. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1
  • Amin, K. P., Griffiths, M. D., & Dsouza, D. D. (2020). Online gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: Strategies for work-life balance. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1
  • Arevalo, S., Prado, G. & Amaro, H. (2008). Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in women receiving treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(1), 113-123.
  • Arevalo, S., Prado, G. & Amaro, H. (2008). Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in women receiving treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(1), 113-123.
  • Avena, N. M., Simkus, J., Lewandowski, A., Gold, M. S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Substance use disorders and behavioral addictions during the covid-19 pandemic and covid-19-related restrictions. Frontiers Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653674
  • Avena, N. M., Simkus, J., Lewandowski, A., Gold, M. S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Substance use disorders and behavioral addictions during the covid-19 pandemic and covid-19-related restrictions. Frontiers Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653674
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T.M., Greenberg, D.M… Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T.M., Greenberg, D.M… Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4
  • Besser, A., Lotem, S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2020). Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: Implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Voice, S0892-1997(20)30190-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.028
  • Besser, A., Lotem, S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2020). Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: Implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Voice, S0892-1997(20)30190-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.028
  • Brecher, E. M. (1972). The consumers Union Report on licit and illicit drugs. Retrieved September 15 2021 from https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/blueline.gf
  • Brecher, E. M. (1972). The consumers Union Report on licit and illicit drugs. Retrieved September 15 2021 from https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/blueline.gf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2016). Scientific reseach methods. Pegem Academy.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2016). Scientific reseach methods. Pegem Academy.
  • Çelik, Ş. N. (2019). Evaluation of the English language teaching undergraduate education program implemented in Turkey in line with the opinions of students, instructors and English teachers. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Çelik, Ş. N. (2019). Evaluation of the English language teaching undergraduate education program implemented in Turkey in line with the opinions of students, instructors and English teachers. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano-Clark V. (2009). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano-Clark V. (2009). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Demirtepe-Saygili, D. (2020). Stress, coping, and social media use. In: Desjarlais, M. (Eds.). Psychology and Dynamics Behind Social Media Interactions (pp. 241-267). https://.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9412-3.ch010
  • Demirtepe-Saygili, D. (2020). Stress, coping, and social media use. In: Desjarlais, M. (Eds.). Psychology and Dynamics Behind Social Media Interactions (pp. 241-267). https://.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9412-3.ch010
  • Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 9(1), 13-28.
  • Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 9(1), 13-28.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700048017
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700048017
  • Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
  • Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L. et al. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L. et al. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Grant, J. E. & Potenza, M. N. (2005) Pathological gambling and other behavioral addictions. In: Frances R, J., Miller S, I., & Mack, A. H. (Eds.). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. (3rd ed., pp. 303-320). Guildford Press.
  • Grant, J. E. & Potenza, M. N. (2005) Pathological gambling and other behavioral addictions. In: Frances R, J., Miller S, I., & Mack, A. H. (Eds.). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. (3rd ed., pp. 303-320). Guildford Press.
  • Grant, J. E., Brewer, J. A. & Potenza, M. N. (2006). The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. CNS Spectrums, 11, 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001511x
  • Grant, J. E., Brewer, J. A. & Potenza, M. N. (2006). The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. CNS Spectrums, 11, 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001511x
  • Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. & Gorelick, D. A. (2010) Introduction to behavioral addictions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
  • Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. & Gorelick, D. A. (2010) Introduction to behavioral addictions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
  • Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal, 93(4), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1086/461729
  • Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal, 93(4), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1086/461729
  • Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191
  • Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191
  • Jaspal, R., Lopes, B. & Lopes, P. (2020) Fear, social isolation and compulsive buying in response to COVID-19 in a religiously diverse UK sample. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(5), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1784119
  • Jaspal, R., Lopes, B. & Lopes, P. (2020) Fear, social isolation and compulsive buying in response to COVID-19 in a religiously diverse UK sample. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(5), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1784119
  • Kadeswaran, S. Bridha, D. & Jayaseelan, R. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and smartphone usage, education or entertainment among medical, engineering and arts students. In: Shaik, Z. B. & Kumari, B. (Eds.). Covid-19 and Its Impact on Lockdown. (1st ed., pp. 15-34). ESN publications.
  • Kadeswaran, S. Bridha, D. & Jayaseelan, R. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and smartphone usage, education or entertainment among medical, engineering and arts students. In: Shaik, Z. B. & Kumari, B. (Eds.). Covid-19 and Its Impact on Lockdown. (1st ed., pp. 15-34). ESN publications.
  • Kashan, M. (2020). Social media addiction due to coronavirus. International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review, 3(04), 331-336.
  • Kashan, M. (2020). Social media addiction due to coronavirus. International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review, 3(04), 331-336.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. & Lee, H. B. (1999). Foundations of behavioral research. Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. & Lee, H. B. (1999). Foundations of behavioral research. Harcourt College Publishers.
  • Khan, S., Liu, J., & Xue, M. (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 310. https:doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00310
  • Khan, S., Liu, J., & Xue, M. (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 310. https:doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00310
  • Khademian, F., Delavari, S., Koohjani, Z., & Khademian, Z. (2021). An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(275). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10329-3
  • Khademian, F., Delavari, S., Koohjani, Z., & Khademian, Z. (2021). An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(275). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10329-3
  • King, D.L., Delfabbro, P., Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. (2020) Problematic online gaming and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
  • King, D.L., Delfabbro, P., Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. (2020) Problematic online gaming and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
  • Király, O., Potenza, M. N., Stein, D. J., King, D. L., Hodgins, D. C., Saunders, J. B…& Demetrovics, Z. (2020). Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 100. 152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180
  • Király, O., Potenza, M. N., Stein, D. J., King, D. L., Hodgins, D. C., Saunders, J. B…& Demetrovics, Z. (2020). Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 100. 152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180
  • Kırcaburun, K. (2017). Examination of the relationship between Instagram addiction, personality traits and self-love among university students. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Sakarya University.
  • Kırcaburun, K. (2017). Examination of the relationship between Instagram addiction, personality traits and self-love among university students. [Unpublished Masters Thesis]. Sakarya University.
  • Kızılok, G. E. & Özok, H. (2021). Teachers’ views on stress and internet addiction due to cultural differences. Participatory Educational Research, 8(3), 441-467. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.75.8.3
  • Kızılok, G. E. & Özok, H. (2021). Teachers’ views on stress and internet addiction due to cultural differences. Participatory Educational Research, 8(3), 441-467. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.75.8.3
  • Kızılok, G. E. (2021). Investigation of teachers' stress sources and behavioral addiction tendencies during the Covid-19 epidemic process. [Unpublished Masters Thesis] Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Kızılok, G. E. (2021). Investigation of teachers' stress sources and behavioral addiction tendencies during the Covid-19 epidemic process. [Unpublished Masters Thesis] Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.
  • Lamblin M., Murawski C., Whittle S., Fornito A. (2007). Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010
  • Lamblin M., Murawski C., Whittle S., Fornito A. (2007). Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
  • Li, Q., Miao, Y., Zeng, X., Tarimo, C. S., Wu, C., & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 11(7), 45386. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017
  • Li, Q., Miao, Y., Zeng, X., Tarimo, C. S., Wu, C., & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 11(7), 45386. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017
  • Lima, C. K. T, Carvalho, P. M. M., Lima, I. A. A., S, Nunes, J. V. A. O, Saraiva, J. S., … Neto, M. L. R. (2020) The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatric Researches, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
  • Lima, C. K. T, Carvalho, P. M. M., Lima, I. A. A., S, Nunes, J. V. A. O, Saraiva, J. S., … Neto, M. L. R. (2020) The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatric Researches, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, N., Wang, X., Fan, Q., Zhang, Y., … Li, M. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 144-148. https://doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, N., Wang, X., Fan, Q., Zhang, Y., … Li, M. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 144-148. https://doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004
  • MacDonald, C. J. (1993). Coping with stress during the teaching practicum: The student teacher's perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 39(4), 407-418.
  • MacDonald, C. J. (1993). Coping with stress during the teaching practicum: The student teacher's perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 39(4), 407-418.
  • MacIntre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352
  • MacIntre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352
  • Mackson, S. B., Brochu, P. M. & Schneider, B. A. (2019). Instagram: Friend or foe?. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2160-2182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819840021
  • Mackson, S. B., Brochu, P. M. & Schneider, B. A. (2019). Instagram: Friend or foe?. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2160-2182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819840021
  • MacLaren V. V., Best L. A. (2010) Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 252–255.
  • MacLaren V. V., Best L. A. (2010) Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 252–255.
  • Marsden, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Hickman, M., Holmes, J., Humphreys, K., et al. (2020) Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders. Addiction 2020, 115, 1007–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15080
  • Marsden, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Hickman, M., Holmes, J., Humphreys, K., et al. (2020) Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders. Addiction 2020, 115, 1007–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15080
  • Mertens, D. M. (2015). Mixed methods and wicked problems. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814562944
  • Mertens, D. M. (2015). Mixed methods and wicked problems. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814562944
  • Mestre-Bach, G., Blycker, G.R. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 181-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.2020.00015
  • Mestre-Bach, G., Blycker, G.R. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 181-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.2020.00015
  • Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 234–257). Free Press.
  • Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 234–257). Free Press.
  • Okasaka, Y., Morita, N., Nakatani, Y., & Fujisawa, K. (2008). Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 84–92.
  • Okasaka, Y., Morita, N., Nakatani, Y., & Fujisawa, K. (2008). Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 84–92.
  • Orte, C., Brage, L., & Caldentey, L. (2020). COVID-19 and pornography traffic in spain: how to prevent the social effects of its consumption in families. Retrieved 19 July 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341496581_COVID19_and_Pornography_Traffic_in_Spain_How_to_Prevent_the_Social_Effects_of_its_Consumption_in_Families/link/5ec4bfc4458515626cb84aa7/download
  • Orte, C., Brage, L., & Caldentey, L. (2020). COVID-19 and pornography traffic in spain: how to prevent the social effects of its consumption in families. Retrieved 19 July 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341496581_COVID19_and_Pornography_Traffic_in_Spain_How_to_Prevent_the_Social_Effects_of_its_Consumption_in_Families/link/5ec4bfc4458515626cb84aa7/download
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak-Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish Society: The importance of society. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak-Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish Society: The importance of society. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Park, W.K. (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction. In: Mobile Communications. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 253-272). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-248-9_17
  • Park, W.K. (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction. In: Mobile Communications. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 253-272). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-248-9_17
  • Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
  • Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
  • Prado-Gascó, V., Gómez-Domínguez, M. T., Soto-Rubio, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., & Navarro-Mateu, D. (2020). Stay at home and teach: A comparative study of psychosocial risks between Spain and Mexico during the pandemic. Frontiers Psychology. 11(566900). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900
  • Prado-Gascó, V., Gómez-Domínguez, M. T., Soto-Rubio, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., & Navarro-Mateu, D. (2020). Stay at home and teach: A comparative study of psychosocial risks between Spain and Mexico during the pandemic. Frontiers Psychology. 11(566900). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900
  • Price, A. (2020). Online gambling in the midst of Covid-19: A nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1
  • Price, A. (2020). Online gambling in the midst of Covid-19: A nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1
  • Rao, T. S., & Andrade, C. (2020). Sexual behavior in the days of COVID-19. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820934987
  • Rao, T. S., & Andrade, C. (2020). Sexual behavior in the days of COVID-19. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820934987
  • Rodriguez-Hidalgo, A. J. Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., & Falla, D. (2020) Fear of Covid-19, stress and anxiety in university graduate students: A predictive model for depression. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 591797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
  • Rodriguez-Hidalgo, A. J. Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., & Falla, D. (2020) Fear of Covid-19, stress and anxiety in university graduate students: A predictive model for depression. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 591797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Brief symptom inventory: Adaptation for Turkish youth. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Brief symptom inventory: Adaptation for Turkish youth. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Semaille, P. (2009) The new types of addiction. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles, 30(22), 335– 357.
  • Semaille, P. (2009) The new types of addiction. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles, 30(22), 335– 357.
  • Slisco A. (2020). Americans binged on video games, shrugged offsocial media as pandemic restrictions kicked in, Verizonsays. Retrieved 15 May 2021 from https://www.newsweek.com/instead-working-homemost-americans-are-using-self-isolation-catch-video-games-1493129
  • Slisco A. (2020). Americans binged on video games, shrugged offsocial media as pandemic restrictions kicked in, Verizonsays. Retrieved 15 May 2021 from https://www.newsweek.com/instead-working-homemost-americans-are-using-self-isolation-catch-video-games-1493129
  • Small, G. & Vorgan, G. (2010). The naked lady who stood on her head. Harpers Collins, Inc
  • Small, G. & Vorgan, G. (2010). The naked lady who stood on her head. Harpers Collins, Inc
  • Tajan, N. (2015). Social withdrawal and psychiatry: A comprehensive review of Hikikomori. Retrieved July 15 2021 from https://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/991843
  • Tajan, N. (2015). Social withdrawal and psychiatry: A comprehensive review of Hikikomori. Retrieved July 15 2021 from https://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/991843
  • Talbot, K., & Mercer, S. (2018). Exploring university ESL/EFL teachers’ emotional well-being and emotional regulation in the United States, Japan and Austria. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 41, 410-432. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2018-0031
  • Talbot, K., & Mercer, S. (2018). Exploring university ESL/EFL teachers’ emotional well-being and emotional regulation in the United States, Japan and Austria. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 41, 410-432. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2018-0031
  • Taş, İ., Eker, H. ve Anlı, G. (2014) Investigation of internet and game addiction levels of secondary school students. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 37-57.
  • Taş, İ., Eker, H. ve Anlı, G. (2014) Investigation of internet and game addiction levels of secondary school students. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 37-57.
  • Thege, B., Woodin, E. M., Hodgins, D. C., & Williams, R. J. (2015). Natural course of behavioral addictions: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0383-3
  • Thege, B., Woodin, E. M., Hodgins, D. C., & Williams, R. J. (2015). Natural course of behavioral addictions: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0383-3
  • U.S. Department of Justice. (2011). The economic impact of illicit drug use on American society. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf#page=29&zoom=100,0,0
  • U.S. Department of Justice. (2011). The economic impact of illicit drug use on American society. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf#page=29&zoom=100,0,0
  • Ungless, M. A., Argilli, E., & Bonci, A. (2010). Effects of stress and aversion on dopamine neurons: Implications for addiction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.006
  • Ungless, M. A., Argilli, E., & Bonci, A. (2010). Effects of stress and aversion on dopamine neurons: Implications for addiction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.006
  • Walker. M. B. (1989). Some problems with the concept of "Gambling Addiction": Should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling? Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5(3), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024386
  • Walker. M. B. (1989). Some problems with the concept of "Gambling Addiction": Should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling? Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5(3), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024386
  • Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020) COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Death Studies. https://10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
  • Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020) COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Death Studies. https://10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
  • We are Social Report (2020). https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/04/digital-around-the-world-in-april-2020.
  • We are Social Report (2020). https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/04/digital-around-the-world-in-april-2020.
There are 138 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülşah Ezgican Kızılok 0000-0001-7627-1462

Fuat Tanhan 0000-0002-1990-4988

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Kızılok, G. E., & Tanhan, F. (2021). Stress Sources and Behavioral Addiction Inclinations of Teachers in the Covid-19 Outbreak. Research on Education and Psychology, 5(2), 163-185. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.941924

17908

All the articles published in REP are licensed with "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"