العضوية المحتملة للسويد وفنلندا في الناتو

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 169 - 182, 01.07.2022

Rıfat Öncel

Öz

أدّت عملية الغزو الروسي لاوكرانيا إلى خلق حالة من التوافق في دول كانت تتجنّب الدخول في أحلاف عسكرية؛ كفنلندا والسويد للانضمام إلى حلف الناتو. شهدت مرحلة ما بعد الحرب الباردة تعميقًا للعلاقات بين السويد وفنلندا، كما عزّز البلدانِ تعاونهما مع الناتو والولايات المتحدة، وقد تقدم البلدان بطلب رسميّ للانضمام إلى حلف الناتو. سيضاعف هذا الوضع طول الحدود بين الناتو وروسيا، وفي ذات الوقت سيخلق خطًّا قويًّا على الجبهة الشمالية للحلف. تاريخيًّا، دعمت تركيا مسار توسع الناتو، إلا أنها قد استخدمت حق النقض لمنع طلب عضوية فنلندا والسويد، ولم ترفع اعتراضها إلا بعد الحصول على تعهدات رسمية من البلدين بالتعاون في ملف مكافحة الإرهاب، ورفع الحظر على الصناعات الدفاعية.

Anahtar Kelimeler

الناتو, السويد, فنلندا, تركيا

Possible membership of Sweden and Finland in NATO

Öz

The Russian invasion of Ukraine led to a consensus to join NATO in countries like Finland and Sweden that were avoiding entering into military alliances. The post-Cold War era witnessed a deepening of relations between Sweden and Finland, as the two countries strengthened cooperation with NATO and the United States. The two countries submitted an official application to join NATO. This situation will double the length of the border between NATO and Russia, and at the same time create a strong line on the northern front of the Alliance. Historically, Türkiye supported the process of NATO expansion, but it used its veto to block the application for membership of Finland and Sweden, and did not cancel its veto until obtaining official pledges from the two countries to cooperate in the file of war on terrorism and lifting the ban on Turkish defense industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, NATO, Sweden, Finland

Kaynakça

• “Finland's PM says NATO membership is "very unlikely" in her current term,” Reuters, 20 Ocak 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finlands-pm-says-nato-membership-is-very-unlikely-her-watch-2022-01-19/
• “Partnership Interoperability Initiative,” NATO, 22 Şubat 2022, https://www.nato.int/cps/em/natohq/topics_132726.htm
• Melissa Rossi, “Finland and Sweden, moving toward possible NATO membership, brace for Russian backlash,” Yahoo News, 20 Nisan 2022, https://news.yahoo.com/finland-and-sweden-moving-toward-possible-nato-membership-brace-for-russian-backlash-215223249.html
• “Finland to send arms assistance to Ukraine,” Finnish Government, 28 Şubat 2022, https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/finland-to-send-arms-assistance-to-ukraine ; “Finland to deliver additional military materiel to Ukraine,” Army Technology, 25 Mart 2022, https://www.army-technology.com/news/finland-additional-military-aid-ukraine/ Lisa Bjurwald, “Sweden is arming Ukraine — and still fighting over Nato,” EU Observer, 14 Mart 2022, https://euobserver.com/world/154526
• “Finlandiya ve İsveç NATO başvurularını yaptı,” TRT Haber, 18 Mayıs 2022.
• Charly Salonius-Pasternak, “The Defence of Finland and Sweden: Continuity and Variance in Strategy and Public Opinion,” Finnish Institute of International Affairs, No: 240, Haziran 2018, s. 4.
• من أهم الأمثلة الدالة على هذا الوضع نظام التجنيد الإجباري والاحتياط العسكري القائم في فنلندا. فكل الذكور فوق سن 18 عامًا في فنلندا مجبرون على قضاء الخدمة العسكرية الإجبارية التي
• Salonius-Pasternak, “The Defence of Finland and Sweden, s. 7
• وصل الدعم الشعبي للتعاون الأمني مع الاتحاد الأوروبي إلى 87% مع الولايات المتحدة إلى 64% ومع الناتو إلى 60%. انظر: Juha Pyykönen ve Stefan Forss, Deterrence in the Nordic-Baltic Region: The Role of the Nordic Countries Together with the U.S. Army, (US Army War College Press, Carlisle, PA: 2019), s. 27.
• Salonius-Pasternak, “Ambiguity and Stability in the Baltic Sea Region,” Finnish Institute of International Affairs, No: 241, Haziran 218, ss. 3-4
• “Government report on changes in the security environment,” Valtiuneuvosto Statsradet, 13 April 2022, https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/164002. s. 26
• https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000008684257.html
• Pyykönen ve Forss, Deterrence in the Nordic-Baltic Region, s. 36
• Salonius-Pasternak, “The Defence of Finland and Sweden, ss. 3-4.
• Salonius-Pasternak, “The Defence of Finland and Sweden, s. 7.
• “Swedish PM on Nato: ‘I see no point in delaying the process’,” The Local, 13 Nisan 2022, https://www.thelocal.se/20220413/swedens-pm-on-nato-i-see-now-point-in-delaying-the-process/
• Guy Faulconbridge, “Russia warns of nuclear, hypersonic deployment if Sweden and Finland join NATO,” Reuters, 14 Nisan 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-warns-baltic-nuclear-deployment-if-nato-admits-sweden-finland-2022-04-14/
• “The North Atlantic Treaty,” 4 Nisan 1949, NATO, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm
• “Russia already has nuclear weapons in the Baltic region, says Lithuania,” Reuters, 14 Nisan 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-already-has-nuclear-weapons-baltic-region-says-lithuania-2022-04-14/
• Pyykönen ve Forss, Deterrence in the Nordic-Baltic Regions, s. 29.
• Charly Salonius-Pasternak, “Friends with (Some) Benefits: How Non-Allied Sweden and Finland View Long-Range Conventional Precision Strike,” The Nonproliferation Review, Cilt: 27, Sayı: 1-3, ss. 61-79.
• Ali Kemal Akan ve Zafer Fatih Beyaz, “Madrid'de Türkiye, Finlandiya ve İsveç arasında 'Üçlü Muhtıra' imzalandı,” AA, 28 Haziran 2022.