Profesyonel Futbolcularda Mikro Döngü İçerisinde Mevkilere Özgü İç ve Dış Antrenman Yüklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, profesyonel futbolcularda mikro döngü antrenman günlerine göre iç ve dış antrenman yüklerindeki mevkiye özgü farklılıkları incelemektir. Yirmi iki oyuncu (4 bek [FB], 4 stoper [CD], 6 merkez orta saha [CM], 4 kanat orta saha [WM] ve 4 forvet [FO]), 28 haftalık müsabaka döneminde 10 Hz GNSS tabanlı Polar Team Pro sistemiyle takip edilmiştir. Antrenman günleri maç gününe göre MD-4, MD-3 ve MD-2 olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. İç yük; ortalama kalp atım hızı (HRavg), maksimum kalp atım hızının yüzdesi (%HRmax), kalp atım hızı bölgelerinde geçirilen süre (Bölge 1–5) ve TRIMP ile değerlendirilmiştir. Dış yük; toplam mesafe (TD), düşük, orta ve yüksek hızlı koşu (LSR, MSR, HSR), sprint koşusu (SPR), maksimum hız (Vmax), ivmelenme (ACC) ve yavaşlama (DEC) değişkenlerini kapsamaktadır. Tek yönlü ANOVA, iç yük değişkenlerinde mevkilere göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir. Buna karşın HSR, SPR, Vmax, ACC ve DEC değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p < 0.05). FB, WM ve FO oyuncuları yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerde CD ve CM oyuncularından daha yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca FB oyuncuları, LSR hariç tüm dış yük değişkenlerinde, özellikle MD-3'te en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak, iç yük antrenmanın fizyolojik stresini yansıtırken, dış yük mevkiye özgü gereksinimleri, özellikle yüksek şiddetli aktiviteleri daha iyi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle antrenman planlamasında hem iç hem de dış yük değişkenleri ile mevkiye özgü yüksek şiddet gereksinimleri dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• futbol
• mikro döngü
• antrenman yükü
• iç yük
• dış yük

Comparison of Position-Specific Internal and External Training Loads Within the Microcycle in Professional Football Players

Öz

This study aimed to examine position-specific differences in internal and external training load across microcycle training days in professional soccer players. Twenty-two players (4 full-backs (FB), 4 central defenders (CD), 6 central midfielders (CM), 4 wide midfielders (WM), and 4 forwards (FO)) were monitored over a 28-week competitive period using a 10-Hz GNSS-based Polar Team Pro system. Training days within the microcycle were classified relative to match day (MD) as MD-4, MD-3, and MD-2. Internal load variables were assessed using heart rate-based parameters, including average heart rate (HRavg), percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), time spent in heart rate zones (Zones 1–5), and TRIMP. External load variables included total distance (TD), low-speed running (LSR), moderate-speed running (MSR), high-speed running (HSR), sprint running (SPR), maximum speed (Vmax), accelerations (ACC), and decelerations (DEC). One-way ANOVA revealed no significant positional differences in internal load variables. However, significant positional differences were observed in HSR, SPR, Vmax, ACC, and DEC (p < 0.05). FB, WM, and FO showed higher values in high-intensity activities than CD and CM. Additionally, FB recorded the highest external load values (except LSR), particularly on MD-3. In conclusion, while internal load variables reflect overall physiological stress, external load variables better reveal position-specific demands, particularly during high-intensity activities. Therefore, coaches should consider both internal and external load variables when planning training, particularly position-specific high-intensity demands.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soccer
• microcycle
• training load
• internal load
• external load

Kaynakça

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