HEMŞİRELERİN VENTİLATÖR İLİŞKİLİ PNÖMONİYİ ÖNLEMEDE KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALARI İLE EĞİTİM VE TUTUMLARININ ETKİSİ

Öz

Çalışmamızda yoğun bakım ünitelerinde (YBÜ) çalışan hemşirelerin ventilatör ilişkili pnömoniyi (VİP) önlemeye yönelik kanıta dayalı uygulamaları (KDU) ile kanıta dayalı hemşireliğe (KDH) ilişkin tutumlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Prospektif tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma Şubat-Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında Düzce’deki bir üniversite hastanesi ve bir devlet hastanesinde yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini yetişkin YBÜ’lerinde çalışan 182 hemşire; örneklemi ise veri toplama tarihleri arasında araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 146 hemşire oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında “Hemşirelere Ait Tanıtıcı Özellikler”, “Ventilatör İlişkili Pnömoniyi Önleme ile İlgili Soru Formu” ve “Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” formları kullanıldı. İstatistiksel analizde verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığı Shapiro Wilk testiyle incelendi. Normal dağılım göstermeyen veriler için nonparametrik testler kullanıldı. Veriler sayı ve yüzde dağılımları, madde ortalaması, Chi Square, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. İstatiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 kabul edildi. Çalışmaya 146 hemşire katıldı. Hemşirelerin VİP’in önlenmesi konusunda bilgilerinin düşük olduğu (4.88 ± 2.28) ile çalışma kapsamında hemşirelerin dörtte üçünün YBÜ sertifikasına sahip olmadığı, VİP ve KDH ile ilgili eğitimi almadığı bulundu. YBÜ sertifikası, VİP eğitimi ve KDH ile ilgili eğitim alanların VİP’i önlemeye yönelik bilgileri ise yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Çalışma da YBÜ’nde çalışan hemşirelerin VİP’i önlemeye yönelik KDU’lara ait bilgilerinin düşük olduğu, KDH’e ait tutumlarının ise ortalamanın altında olduğu bulundu. VİP etkili bir hemşirelik bakımı ve KDU’lar ile önlenebilir. Bu doğrultuda YBÜ hemşireliği sertifikası, VİP ve KDH eğitimi alan hemşirelerin sayısının arttırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni (VİP)
• Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar (KDU)
• Kanıta dayalı hemşirelik (KDH)

THE EFFECT OF NURSES' EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES, EDUCATION AND ATTITUDES IN PREVENTING VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA

Öz

Our study aimed to examine the attitudes of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) towards evidence-based nursing (EBN) and evidence-based practices (EBP) to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This prospective descriptive type research was conducted between February and November 2022 in a university hospital and a state hospital in Düzce. The population of the study is 182 nurses working in adult ICUs; The sample consisted of 146 nurses who agreed to participate in the research between the data collection dates. “Introductory Characteristics of Nurses”, “Questionnaire on Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia” and “Attitude Scale Towards Evidence-Based Nursing” forms were used to collect data. In statistical analysis, the Shapiro Wilk test was used to examine whether the data were normally distributed. Nonparametric tests were used for data that did not show normal distribution. Data were analyzed using number and percentage distributions, item averages, Chi Square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. 146 nurses participated in the study. It was found that nurses' knowledge about the prevention of VAP was low (4.88 ± 2.28), and within the scope of the study, three quarters of the nurses did not have an ICU certificate and did not receive training on VAP and EBN. The knowledge of those who received ICU certificate, VAP training and training on EBN regarding the prevention of VAP was found to be high (p<0.05). In the study, it was found that the nurses working in the ICU had low knowledge of EBPs to prevent VAP, and their attitudes towards EBN were below average. VAP can be prevented with effective nursing care and EBP. In this regard, it is recommended to increase the number of nurses receiving ICU nursing certificate, VAP and EBN training.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
• Evidence-based practices (EBP)
• Evidence-based nursing (EBN)

Kaynakça

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