Skapular Diskinezi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları

Abstract

Bu anlatı derlemesinin amacı, skapular diskinezinin etiyolojisini, omuz patolojileri ile ilişkisini, klinik değerlendirme yöntemlerini ve güncel rehabilitasyon yaklaşımlarını mevcut bilimsel kanıtlar doğrultusunda kapsamlı olarak incelemektir.

Literatür taraması PubMed, Scopus ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2000–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan klinik araştırmalar, sistematik derlemeler, meta-analizler ve güncel klinik rehberler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen çalışmalar skapular diskinezinin değerlendirilmesi, omuz patolojileri ile ilişkisi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları açısından analiz edilerek mevcut kanıtlar sentezlenmiştir.

Mevcut kanıtlar, skapular diskinezinin başta subakromiyal sıkışma sendromu, rotator manşet patolojileri, glenohumeral instabilite ve kronik omuz ağrısı olmak üzere birçok omuz bozukluğu ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Klinik değerlendirmede Skapular Diskinezi Testi, Lateral Skapular Kaydırma Testi ve Skapular Repozisyon Testi yaygın olarak kullanılmakta, kantitatif ölçüm yöntemleri değerlendirmelerin güvenilirliğini ve nesnelliğini artırmaktadır. Rehabilitasyon programlarının skapular stabilitenin yeniden sağlanması, serratus anterior ve alt trapezius kaslarının aktivasyonunun artırılması, motor kontrolün geliştirilmesi, postürün düzeltilmesi ve torakal omurga mobilitesinin artırılmasına odaklandığı; bu yaklaşımların ağrının azaltılması, fonksiyonun iyileştirilmesi ve omuz biyomekaniğinin optimize edilmesinde etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir.

Skapular diskinezinin erken dönemde doğru değerlendirilmesi ve kanıta dayalı rehabilitasyon yaklaşımlarının uygulanması omuz fonksiyonlarının iyileştirilmesi ve yaralanmaların önlenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Güncel kanıtlar, bireye özgü planlanan egzersiz temelli rehabilitasyon programlarının klinik sonuçları iyileştirdiğini desteklemektedir.

Keywords

• Skapular diskinezi
• omuz ağrısı
• egzersiz tedavisi

Scapular Dyskinesis and Rehabilitation Approaches

Abstract

This narrative review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the etiology of scapular dyskinesis, its relationship with shoulder pathologies, clinical assessment methods, and current rehabilitation approaches based on the available scientific evidence.

A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and contemporary clinical guidelines published between 2000 and 2025 were included. The retrieved evidence was analyzed with respect to the assessment of scapular dyskinesis, its association with shoulder disorders, and rehabilitation strategies, and the available findings were synthesized.

Current evidence demonstrates that scapular dyskinesis is associated with several shoulder disorders, including subacromial impingement syndrome, rotator cuff pathologies, glenohumeral instability, and chronic shoulder pain. The Scapular Dyskinesis Test, Lateral Scapular Slide Test, and Scapular Reposition Test are the most commonly used clinical assessment tools, whereas quantitative measurement techniques improve the objectivity and reliability of evaluations. Rehabilitation interventions primarily focus on restoring scapular stability, enhancing activation of the serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles, improving motor control, correcting postural alignment, and increasing thoracic spine mobility. These approaches have been reported to reduce pain, improve shoulder function, and optimize shoulder biomechanics.

Early identification of scapular dyskinesis and implementation of evidence-based rehabilitation strategies are essential for improving shoulder function and preventing shoulder injuries. Current evidence supports individualized exercise-based rehabilitation programs as effective interventions for achieving favorable clinical outcomes.

Keywords

• Scapular dyskinesis
• shoulder pain
• exercise therapy

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