Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with international standards, including the ICMJE, WAME, and COPE guidelines, to ensure high scientific publishing quality.

Authors should comply with the following principles:

1. Submitted manuscripts must not have been published previously or be under consideration elsewhere.
2. ORCID iD is mandatory for all authors at submission.
3. Written permission must be obtained for any previously published tables, figures, or images, and this must be stated in the manuscript. Legal responsibility rests with the authors.
4. Studies previously presented at scientific meetings or congresses are acceptable if clearly stated in Cover Letter
5. Sample size calculation, sampling method, and statistical analyses must be described under the Statistical Analysis subsection at the end of the Materials and Methods section.
6. Manuscripts that do not comply with the Journal Writing Rules will not be included in the peer-review process.
7. All submissions are screened for similarity and plagiarism.
8. Abstracts must be provided in both languages (Turkish and English) and be fully consistent.
   o Research articles: structured as Aim, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusion, minimum 200-maximum 250 words per language.
   o Case reports: unstructured, 100-150 words per language.
   o Keywords must be included at the end of the abstract.

Files Required for Manuscript Submission
The following files must be uploaded to the system during manuscript submission:

1. Copyright Agreement and Author Declaration Form
   Copyright Agreement and Author Declaration Form, completed and signed by all authors. It can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.
2. Ethics Committee Approval Form
   A copy of the Ethics Committee approval document, if applicable.
3. Plagiarism Report
   A similarity report generated using appropriate plagiarism detection software. Manuscript with a similarity rate of more than 20% will be accepted as plagiarism and rejected
4. Cover Letter
   The cover letter should briefly describe the purpose, originality, and scientific contribution of the study.
   Authors must confirm that the manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration elsewhere.
   Any conflicts of interest and ethical approvals (if applicable) should be declared.
   The corresponding author’s name and contact information must be clearly stated. Authors must state whether the manuscript has been previously presented at a scientific meeting and, if applicable, provide the name, date, and location of the meeting.
5. Title Page
   The title page must include:
   o Full title of the article in English and Turkish
   o Short running title
   o Full names and ORCID® IDs of all authors
   o Full postal addresses of all authors
   o E-mail address of the corresponding author
   The title page template can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.
6. Manuscript Text File
   To ensure a double-blind peer review, the main manuscript file must not contain any identifying information.
   *Author names, affiliations, addresses, e-mail information, and other identifiers must be excluded*.
   The manuscript text template can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.

THE TYPES OF THE ARTICLES

As of January 1, 2026, the official language of Value in Health Sciences has been changed to English. All manuscripts submitted from this date onward must be written in English.

• The language of the journal is English.
• The manuscripts to be submitted to the journals should be in the following categories and should be prepared in the specified structures.
• Manuscripts that do not comply with the Journal Writing Rules are not included in the "Peer Review Process"
• Manuscript Formatting 
  Font: Times New Roman.
  Title: Bold, 12-point font size.
  Abstract: 9-point font size.
  Main Headings (e.g., INTRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION): Bold, 10-point font size, all capital letters.
  Subheadings: Italic, 10-point font size, title case (capitalize the first letter of each major word).
  Body Text: 10-point font size.
  Spacing: Single-spaced, with 0 pt spacing before and after headings and paragraphs.

A) Original Research Article
Authors are required to download the English manuscript template (Click Here) and prepare their submission in Microsoft Word using this file. The template provides the required formatting and style guidelines for all manuscript components, including tables and figures.
    • Abstract (the structured abstract contains the following sections: Aim, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusion; Keywords; average 200-250 words; English and Turkish).
    • Introduction
    • Material and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion 
    • Declarations (Acknowledgements, Author Contributions, Conflict of Interest, Supporting Institutions/Funding, Ethical Approval, Plagiarism Statement, Use of AI Tools)
    • References
B) Review Article
Review articles may be submitted voluntarily or upon invitation. Reviews should comprehensively address current topics in medicine and be based on the most recent literature. Preference is given to authors who have previously published studies in the relevant field.
Content:
    • Abstract (150–200 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings covering related subtopics
    • References (maximum 40)
C) Case Report
Case reports present brief descriptions of previously unreported disease processes, novel manifestations or treatments of known diseases, or unique complications related to therapeutic interventions. An adequate number of photographs and figures should be included.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Introduction
    • Case Report
    • Discussion
    • References
D) Editorial Commentary / Discussion
Editorial commentaries provide expert evaluation of original research articles and are written by specialists in the field other than the authors of the original study. These are published at the end of the related article.
E) Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor include readers’ opinions, comments, questions, or brief observations related to articles published in the journal within the past year. Letters should not exceed 500 words.
Content:
    • No title or abstract
    • Maximum of 5 references
    • A note identifying the related article (including issue number and publication date)
    • Author name(s), affiliation(s), and address(es) provided at the end
Responses to letters are written by the editor or the original author(s) and are published in the journal.
F) Scientific Letter
Scientific letters discuss general medical topics and present viewpoints supported by references to published scientific literature.
Content:
    • Abstract (100-150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings related to the topic
    • References
G) Surgical Technique
These articles describe and explain specific surgical techniques in detail.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Surgical Technique
    • References
H) Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis articles are case-based reports of topical clinical importance and include expert commentary comparing similar diseases.
Content:
    • Abstract (100-150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings related to the subject
    • References (3-5)
İ) Original Images
Original Images consist of self-explanatory figures or photographs illustrating rare or noteworthy conditions in the medical literature.
Content:
    • Text (up to 300 words)
    • Original images
    • References
J) What Is Your Diagnosis?
These articles focus on rare diseases and highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. They are structured in a question-and-answer format.
Content:
    • Headings related to the subject
    • References (3-5)
K) Medical Book Reviews
Critical reviews and evaluations of recently published national or international medical books.
L) Questions and Answers
Educational articles presenting scientifically grounded questions and answers on medical topics.
TABLES
Tables must be prepared as editable text (e.g., Microsoft Word tables) and inserted into the manuscript at the appropriate position close to where they are first cited in the text. Tables should not be submitted as images.
Each table must be cited in the text and numbered consecutively in the order of their first appearance (Table 1, Table 2, etc.). A concise and descriptive table title should be provided above each table. Any explanatory notes, abbreviations, or statistical information should be placed below the table as footnotes.
Vertical lines, excessive formatting, and cell shading should be avoided. Tables should be used sparingly and should not duplicate data already presented in the text or figures.
FIGURES
Figures (including photographs, graphs, diagrams, and other artwork) must be embedded in the manuscript at the appropriate location within the text, immediately after they are first mentioned. In addition, original figure files must be uploaded separately during submission.
All figures should be cited in the text and numbered consecutively according to their order of appearance (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). Each figure must be accompanied by a clear and informative caption placed below the figure. Figure captions should explain all symbols, arrows, and abbreviations used in the figure.
Figures must be of high resolution and prepared in acceptable formats (TIFF, JPG, PNG, EPS, or PDF). The use of low-resolution images optimized for screen display is not permitted.
REFERENCES
The Vancouver style must be used for both in-text citations and the reference list. References should be numbered consecutively according to the order of their first appearance in the text and indicated in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
General Citation Rules
    • Vancouver style must be used for in-text citations and reference list.
    • References are numbered consecutively according to first appearance.
    • Citation numbers appear in parentheses: (1), (2-5), (3,7,9).
    • Author names are written as Surname Initials (no periods).
    • Up to 6 authors: list all.
    • Seven or more authors: list first six followed by et al.
    • DOI is preferred over URL when available.
Author Listing Rule (applies to all reference types)
    • Up to six authors: list all authors.
    • Seven or more authors: list the first six authors followed by et al.
Reference List: General Rules
    • The reference list appears at the end of the manuscript and includes only sources cited in the text.
    • References are listed numerically in the same order as they appear in the text.
    • Author names are written as surname followed by initials, without periods or spaces between initials (e.g., Smith CK).
    • Use commas to separate author names; do not use “and” or “&”.
    • Titles are written in sentence case (capitalize only the first word and proper nouns).
    • Titles should not be italicized or underlined.
    • If available, DOI must be provided and is preferred over URLs.
    • Personal communications and unpublished data should not be included in the reference list.
    • Reference management software (e.g., EndNote®) may be used, but references must be submitted as plain text.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year; volume(issue): page range. doi:xxxxx.
Examples:
    1. Demir A, Yılmaz K, Chen H. Pharmacological approaches in chronic neck pain management: a systematic overview. J Pain Res. 2021;14(3):455–468. doi:10.2147/JPR.S312456.
    2. O’Connor L, Smith TJ, Novak P, Andersson G, Patel R, et al. Workplace-based interventions for musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Occup Environ Med. 2020;77(9):612–620. doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106245.
Journal articles with no author listed
When a work is published without an author's name, do not list the author as " Anonymous." Instead, skip the author element and begin the entry with the work's title.
Format: Citation No. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page range. doi if available.
Examples:
    1. Advances in digital health monitoring for elderly populations. Health Technol Today. 2018;30(4):15–17.
    2. New insights into patient-centered pain management strategies. Clin Care Update. 2016;22:101–104.
Online journal articles without a DOI
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Name Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title[Internet]. Year [cited Year Month Day];volume(issue):page range. Available from: URL
    1. Advances in digital health monitoring for elderly populations. Health Technol Today. 2018;30(4):15–17.https://www.phreview.org/articles/urban-mental-health.pdf
    2. New insights into patient-centered pain management strategies. Clin Care Update. 2016;22:101–104.http://hdl.handle.net/11234/567890
Print journal articles
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Name, Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page range.
Examples:
    1. Alvarez R, Montoya P, Klein J. Electrolyte imbalance in acute cardiac events. Cardiol Rev. 1985;9(6):301–306.
    2. Brown HJ, Lee S, Martin D, Wilson P, Clark E, et al. Effectiveness of exercise therapy in chronic shoulder pain. Sports Med J. 2016;18(1):55–63.
Magazine articles
Magazine articles are cited in the same way as journal articles. However, for magazines not published with volume and issue numbers
    • Include the year, month, and day of publication in that order, e.g. 2004 Jul 5
    • Abbreviate the months using their first three letters.

    1. Foster M. Breakthroughs in regenerative medicine. Sci Monthly. 2012 Mar 14:22–25.
    2. Hall R. Why sleep matters more than you think. Health Today. 2019 Nov 2:18–21.
Newspaper and newsletter articles
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Names, Initials. Article title: subtitle. Newspaper Title. Year Month Day;volume(issue):page range.
Examples: 
    1. Jenkins P. Hospitals adopt AI-assisted diagnostics nationwide. New York Times. 2021 Sep 18;Sect B:5(col 2).
    2. Nutrition education improves community health outcomes. Public Health News. 2017 Jun;9(2):7.11.
BOOKS
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Examples:
    1. Karaca M. Foundations of public health policy. Ankara: Atlas Publishing; 2018.
    2. Thompson RL, Greene A. Clinical neurology essentials. 2nd ed. London: Oxford Medical Press; 2016.
    3. Patel S, Gomez L, Wright D, Huang X, et al. Global perspectives on mental wellbeing. Boston: Beacon Press; 2020.
eBooks with DOI
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. doi:xxxxx.
Example:
    1. Larsen P. Evidence-based nursing practice [Internet]. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Nordic Academic; 2015 [cited 2024 Feb 10]. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804321-5.00001-2.
eBooks without DOI
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL.
Example: 
    1. Wilson J, Ahmed R, editors. Community health promotion strategies [Internet]. 3rd ed. Toronto: Health Canada Press; 2019 [cited 2024 Apr 6]. Available from https://www.hcpress.ca/community-health.pdf
BOOK CHAPTERS
Format: Citation No. Chapter Author’s Last Name Initials. Chapter title: subtitle. In: Editor’s Last Name Initials, editor(s). Book title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. xx–xx.
Example:
    1. Novak D, Petrov I. Cardiovascular risk factors in adults. In: Klein R, Stewart M, editors. Preventive medicine in clinical practice. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2017. p. 210–225.
    2. Hughes L, Carter B, Evans N, et al. Rehabilitation methods in pulmonary care. In: Hughes L, Carter B, editors. Advanced respiratory therapy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2014. p. 98–142.
WEBSITES AND WEBPAGES
Standalone Websites
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Website title [Internet]. Place: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL.
Example: 
    1. World Nutrition Organization [Internet]. Geneva: WNO; 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 1]. Available from: https://www.worldnutrition.org
Webpages within a Website
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Website title [Internet]. Place: Publisher; Year. Page title; [cited Year Month Day]; [extent]. Available from: URL.
Example: 
 1. Global Health Archive [Internet]. London: Global Health Institute; 2001– . Infectious disease surveillance reports; [cited 2024 May 10]; [about 3 screens]. Available from:https://www.ghi.org/archive/surveillance
RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Report title [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Pages. Report No. Available from: URL.
Example: 
    1. World Health Organization. Global report on hypertension 2022 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022. 120 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/hypertension2022.pdf
    2. National Institute of Mental Health (US). Youth mental health trends. Bethesda (MD): NIMH; 2018. 62 p. (NIMH publication; no. 18-4582).
CONFERENCE PAPERS
Unpublished Papers or Posters
Format: Citation No. Author. Paper title. Paper/Poster presented at: Conference name; Date; Location.
Examples:
    1. Silva R. Digital tools in epidemiological research. Paper presented at: International Conference on Public Health Innovation; 2019 Oct 10–12; Lisbon, Portugal.
Published Conference Papers
Format: Citation No. Author. Paper title. In: Editor’s Last Name Initials, editors. Proceedings title; Date; Location. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. xx–xx.
Examples:
    1. Chen Y. Advances in pain modulation therapies. In: Roberts K, Allen P, editors. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Pain Research; 2018 Jul 5–9; Tokyo, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019. p. 88–95.
THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
References to theses and dissertations should follow the Vancouver style. The format depends on whether the thesis is online or in print.
Online Theses and Dissertations
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis on the Internet]. Campus Location: University; Year [cited date]. Page count. Available from: URL.
Example:
1.  Aydin Z. Physical activity patterns and cardiovascular risk in adults [dissertation on the Internet]. Izmir: Ege University; 2020 [cited 2024 Jan 15]. 210 p. Available from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Print Theses and Dissertations
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis]. Campus Location: University; Year. Page count.
Examples:
    1. Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive training guide for social work professionals [master's thesis]. Long Beach (CA): California State University, Long Beach; 2005. 101 p.
    2. Baldwin KB. An exploratory method of data retrieval from the electronic medical record for the evaluation of quality in healthcare [dissertation]. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2004. 116 p.
Parts of Theses and Dissertations
When citing a specific part (chapter, table, figure, appendix), cite the thesis as a whole followed by details of the part.
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis]. Campus Location: University; Year. Part No, Part title; page range.
Examples:
    1. Miller JF. Health literacy and patient compliance [master's thesis]. Boston (MA): Boston University; 2011. 95 p.
PLAGIARISM POLICY
Plagiarism is defined as the use of others’ published or unpublished ideas, data, words, or other intellectual property without appropriate acknowledgment or permission, and presenting them as original work. Self-plagiarism refers to the reuse of substantial parts of an author’s previously published work without proper citation (https://wame.org/recommendations-on-publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals).
Manuscripts in which plagiarism and/or self-plagiarism is detected during the editorial evaluation process will not be considered for publication in Value in Health Sciences. Authors are required to upload a similarity report generated using recognized plagiarism detection software (e.g., iThenticate, Turnitin) during manuscript submission.
Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 20% (excluding references) will be considered plagiarized and will be rejected.
There are no article submission or processing charges for this journal.
SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY
All authors listed on the manuscript must have made a direct academic and scientific contribution to the study.
The corresponding author assumes full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.
ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
For all studies involving human participants, compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki is required. Authors must state in the Materials and Methods section that the study was conducted in accordance with these principles. In addition, written informed consent must be obtained from participants, and approval from the relevant institutional ethics committee must be documented.
For studies involving animal experiments, authors must declare in the Materials and Methods section that the study was approved by an institutional animal ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
In case reports, written informed consent must be obtained from patients, regardless of whether personal identifying information is disclosed.
If the study received direct or indirect financial support, this relationship must be clearly stated in the Declarations section. If no financial support was received, this should be explicitly declared.
When Ethics Committee Approval is required, authors must provide written approval details (committee name, date, and approval number) in the Materials and Methods section. Statements such as “oral ethical approval was obtained” are not acceptable.
All manuscripts must include a statement confirming compliance with Research and Publication Ethics.
PUBLICATION AND COPYRIGHT
All publication and copyright rights of manuscripts accepted for publication belong to the journal. The opinions, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the manuscripts are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Authors are required to complete and submit the Copyright Agreement and Author Declaration Form for each manuscript at the time of submission.

 

Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

• Value in Health Sciences adheres to internationally recognized standards and principles of publication ethics that must be followed in academic research. All manuscripts that do not comply with these ethical standards will be retracted, including those that are accepted for publication or already published if an ethical violation is later identified. All stakeholders involved in the publication process are expected to fulfill their ethical responsibilities.
• Value in Health Sciences complies with the ethical guidelines and best practices of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Manuscripts submitted to the journal must not have been previously published or under consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to the system.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism is the use of others’ published or unpublished ideas, words, or other intellectual property without proper attribution or permission, and presenting them as if they are original and newly created rather than derived from an existing source. Self-plagiarism refers to the reuse of portions of an author’s previous work on the same subject in a new publication, especially without appropriate citation, even if the earlier work was written by the same author (https://wame.org/recommendations-on-publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals

• In the Value in Health Sciences, manuscripts found to contain plagiarism or self-plagiarism during editorial evaluation will not be considered for review. Authors are required to submit a similarity report obtained using a reliable plagiarism detection tool (e.g., iThenticate, Turnitin) together with their manuscript files during the submission process.
• Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 20% (excluding references) are considered plagiarized and are automatically rejected. 
  Scientific Responsibility
• All authors listed in the submitted manuscript must have made a direct academic and scientific contribution to the study.
• The corresponding author is responsible for the final version of the manuscript on behalf of all authors and serves as the main point of contact with the journal.
   

Publisher's Ethical Responsibilities
Düzce University, the publisher of the Value in Health Sciences, is a non-profit public educational institution committed to serving the public interest. The Editors and Editorial Board of the journal act in accordance with the following ethical responsibilities: The editors of the Value in Health Sciences are responsible for all editorial processes related to the manuscripts submitted to the journal. Their decisions are made independently, without regard to economic or political interests. They are committed to maintaining an independent editorial decision-making process.

• The journal ensures open, electronic, and free access to its content via its official website. It is the responsibility of the journal to publish articles that comply with research and publication ethics, to protect the ownership and copyright of each published article, and to maintain an archival record of every published version. The publisher and editorial team are also responsible for taking necessary measures against scientific misconduct, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and unethical practices by editors.

Responsibilities of the Editors

The editors of the Value in Health Sciences are responsible for overseeing all processes related to each manuscript submitted to the journal, including those that occur after publication. The primary duties of the editors are to maintain and enhance the academic quality of the journal, and to make impartial and ethically sound decisions throughout the publication process.
The responsibilities of the editors are as follows:

• Prioritize public interest in all publishing policies and editorial decisions, and act independently.
• Maintain the principle of “editorial independence” in the relationship between the editor(s) and the publisher, and make all decisions free from influence by the publisher or any external individuals/institutions.
• Make continuous efforts to improve the development of the journal and enhance its publication quality.
• Establish and ensure the effective implementation of policies related to the editorial process, peer review, and publication ethics.
• Ensure that every manuscript selected for publication is objectively evaluated by qualified reviewers who are experts in the field.
• Protect the copyrights of authors for articles published in the journal.
• Take necessary precautions throughout the editorial process concerning intellectual property rights, unethical practices, plagiarism, and citation manipulation.
• Keep author and reviewer guidelines up to date to support their understanding of the editorial and peer review process.
• Systematically archive all records of manuscript submission, review, and correspondence, either in electronic or print form.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

The Value in Health Sciences employs a double-blind peer review process. In this system, there is no direct communication between reviewers and authors. Reviewers’ opinions regarding the manuscript are conveyed to the authors by the editor via the journal’s editorial management system, using review forms and annotations made on the manuscript.
In this context, the referees who evaluate the articles submitted to the Value in Health Sciences are expected to have the following ethical responsibilities:

• Accept to review only those manuscripts that fall within their area of expertise.
• Conduct the review process in accordance with the principles of impartiality and confidentiality.
•  Understand that any manuscript under review is confidential, and that its contents may only be used after publication; all copies must be destroyed after the review process is completed.
• Decline to review a manuscript if there is any conflict of interest or shared interest, and notify the editorial office accordingly.
• Base their evaluation solely on the scientific merit and content of the manuscript.
• Not allow factors such as nationality, gender, religion, political beliefs, or commercial interests to influence the review process.
• Provide feedback in a constructive, respectful, and professional tone, and avoid making insulting, hostile, or defamatory personal remarks.
• Complete the review within the specified time frame and submit it through the “Reviewer Evaluation Form”.

Authors’ Ethical Responsibilities

The publication processes of the Value in Health Sciences aim to ensure that knowledge is produced and disseminated in an objective, reliable, and reputable manner. Since this process directly reflects the contributions of authors and their affiliated institutions to scientific research, it is of utmost importance that all stakeholders involved—including authors, readers, researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors—adhere strictly to ethical principles at every stage.
Authors who submit manuscripts to the Value in Health Sciences are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:

• Submitted work must be original. If other sources have been used, they must be cited accurately and completely.
• Individuals who have not made a significant intellectual contribution to the content should not be listed as authors.
• Any relationship or condition that may lead to a conflict of interest must be clearly declared in the manuscript.
• Authors must be prepared to provide additional data or raw materials related to the manuscript upon request by editors or reviewers during the evaluation process.
• In studies involving human subjects, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki must be followed; ethical approval and informed consent from participants must be clearly stated in the Materials and Methods section
• In studies involving animals, experiments must be conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Compliance with animal welfare standards and approval from the institutional ethics committee must be specified in the Materials and Methods section.
• For case reports, even if patient identity is not disclosed, informed consent must be obtained, and patient privacy must be protected.
• If the study received direct or indirect commercial support, or if authors have any financial or professional relationships with manufacturers of drugs, products, or companies mentioned (e.g., consultancy), this must be clearly disclosed in the cover letter.
• In studies requiring ethics committee approval, such approval must have been obtained and clearly indicated in the Materials and Methods section with the approval date and reference number.
• A clear statement indicating compliance with research and publication ethics must be included in the manuscript.
• Manuscripts must not be submitted to more than one journal simultaneously.
• Manuscripts that have been previously published in another journal must not be submitted to the Value in Health Sciences.