Entomopatojen Bakterilerden Elde Edilen Süpernatantların Trichophyton rubrum'a Karşı In vitro Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Dermatofitoz, nüfusun yaklaşık dörtte birini etkileyen küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Trichophyton rubrum gibi yaygın türlerde terbinafin direncinin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, yeni antifungal bileşiklerin bulunmasına acil ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, entomopatojenik bakterilerden, özellikle Xenorhabdus ve Photorhabdus türlerinden elde edilen sekonder metabolitlerin dermatofitlere karşı alternatif terapötik ajanlar olarak potansiyelini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada 4 Xenorhabdus türünden (X. doucetiae, X. nematophila, X. budapestensis, X. szentirmaii) ve bir Photorhabdus türünden (P. luminescens) hücre içermeyen süpernatantlar kullanılmıştır. Bu süpernatantların antidermatofitik aktivitesi, Trichophyton rubrum (RSKK 486)'ya karşı %5, %20 ve %30 (v/v) konsantrasyonlarında, Patates Dekstroz Agar (PDA) üzerinde miselyal büyüme deneyi ile test edilmiştir. Fungal büyümenin inhibisyonu, 30°C'de 15 gün inkübasyondan sonra ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: Test edilen tüm supernatantlar her iki mantar türü üzerinde de konsantrasyona bağımlı inhibitör etki göstermiştir. %30 konsantrasyonda, X. doucetiae, X. szentirmaii ve X. budapestensis T. rubrum'un büyümesini tamamen veya neredeyse tamamen baskılamıştır. Daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda (%5 ve %20), en yüksek etkinliği Xenorhabdus budapestensis göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, X. nematophila ve P. luminescens’te önemli ölçüde daha düşük etki görülmüştür. Xenorhabdus türlerinden, özellikle X. budapestensis, X. doucetiae ve X. szentirmaii'den elde edilen bakteri supernatantları, T. rubrum’a karşı güçlü antifungal aktivite göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Bulgular, bu bakterilerin dirençli dermatofitozla mücadele için yeni ilaç adaylarının geliştirilmesinde umut vadeden kaynaklar olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Dermatofit
• Trichophyton rubrum
• Xenorhabdus
• Photorhabdus

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada insan veya hayvan katılımcılar yer almamaktadır. Tüm prosedürler bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uygun olarak yürütülmüştür ve atıfta bulunulan tüm çalışmalar uygun şekilde kaynak gösterilmiştir.

In vitro Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by Cell-free Supernatants from Entomopathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Aim: Dermatophytosis is a global health concern that affects about a quarter of the population. With the emergence of terbinafine resistance in common species like Trichophyton rubrum, there is an urgent need to find novel antifungal compounds.

Material and Methods: This study evaluates the potential of secondary metabolites from entomopathogenic bacteria, specifically Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species as alternative therapeutic agents against dermatophytes. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) were prepared from four Xenorhabdus species (X. doucetiae, X. nematophila, X. budapestensis, X. szentirmaii) and one Photorhabdus species (P. luminescens). The anti-dermatophytic activity of these supernatants was tested at concentrations of 5%, 20%, and 30% (v/v) against Trichophyton rubrum (RSKK 486) using a mycelial plug growth assay on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Fungal growth inhibition was measured after 15 days of incubation at 30°C.

Results: All tested bacterial CFS exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on T. rubrum. At a 30% concentration, X. doucetiae, X. szentirmaii, and X. budapestensis achieved complete or near-complete growth suppression of T. rubrum. Xenorhabdus budapestensis demonstrated the highest efficacy at lower concentrations (5% and 20%). In contrast, X. nematophila and P. luminescens showed significantly lower inhibitory activity and failed to achieve total suppression even at the highest tested concentration. Bacterial metabolites from Xenorhabdus species, particularly X. budapestensis, X. doucetiae, and X. szentirmaii, demonstrate potent antifungal activity.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that these bacteria are promising sources for the development of new drug leads to combat resistant dermatophytosis.

Keywords

• Dermatophyte
• Trichophyton rubrum
• Xenorhabdus
• Photorhabdus

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

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