Endoskopik Olarak Saptanan Safra Reflüsü ve Eşlik Eden Gastrik Mukozal Bulgular: Retrospektif Gözlemsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç:  Bu çalışma, endoskopik safra reflüsü ve eşlik eden gastrik mukozal bulguların geniş bir hasta kohortundaki dağılımını değerlendirmeyi ve bu bulguların demografik ve klinik değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalışmaya Ocak 2020 ile Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi yapılan 446 erişkin hasta dahil edilmiştir. Eritem, mukozal ödem, safra reflüsü, hiperemi ve eroziv değişiklikler gibi endoskopik bulgular kaydedilmiştir. Yaş, cinsiyet, sigara kullanımı ve alkol tüketimi gibi demografik ve klinik değişkenler analiz edilmiştir. İlişkiler tek değişkenli analizler ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: En sık gözlenen bulgu eritem (%70,0) olup, bunu mukozal ödem (%55,6), hiperemi (%49,6), safra reflüsü (%43,9) ve eroziv değişiklikler (%23,3) izlemiştir. Safra reflüsü ≥50 yaş grubunda ve sigara kullanan hastalarda daha sık gözlenirken, eroziv değişiklikler sigara kullanan hastalarda daha yüksek sıklıkta izlenmiştir. Çok değişkenli analizde ≥50 yaş (OR: 1,62, %95 GA: 1,08–2,42, p=0,021) ve sigara kullanımı (OR: 1,58, %95 GA: 1,05–2,37, p=0,028) endoskopik safra reflüsü ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Hastaların önemli bir kısmında birden fazla endoskopik mukozal bulgunun birlikte bulunduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Endoskopik safra reflüsü ve ilişkili gastrik mukozal bulgular yaygın olup, demografik ve klinik faktörlerle değişken ilişkiler göstermektedir. Endoskopik bulguların non-spesifik doğası nedeniyle klinik yorum dikkatli yapılmalıdır. Histopatolojik değerlendirmeyi içeren ileriye dönük çalışmalar, bu bulguların tanısal ve klinik öneminin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• Safra reflüsü
• endoskopi
• gastrik mukozal bulgular
• reaktif gastropati
• gastrit

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, Düzce Üniversitesi Müdahalesiz Klinik Araştırma Etik Kurulu tarafından 2026/80 numaralı ve 23 Mart 2026 tarihli onay ile onaylanmıştır. Çalışmanın retrospektif tasarımı ve anonimleştirilmiş verilerin kullanılması nedeniyle bilgilendirilmiş onam şartından feragat edilmiştir.

Endoscopic Bile Reflux and Associated Gastric Mucosal Findings: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of endoscopic bile reflux and accompanying gastric mucosal findings in a large patient cohort and to investigate their association with demographic and clinical variables.

Material and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 446 adult patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between January 2020 and December 2025. Endoscopic findings, including erythema, mucosal edema, bile reflux, hyperemia, and erosive changes, were recorded. Demographic and clinical variables, including age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol use, were analyzed. Associations were evaluated using univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Erythema was the most frequently observed finding (70.0%), followed by mucosal edema (55.6%), hyperemia (49.6%), bile reflux (43.9%), and erosive changes (23.3%). Bile reflux and erosive changes were more frequently observed in older patients and in those with smoking. In multivariable analysis, age ≥50 years (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.42, p=0.021) and smoking (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05–2.37, p=0.028) were associated with bile reflux. Multiple concurrent endoscopic findings were present in a substantial proportion of patients.

Conclusion: Endoscopic bile reflux and associated gastric mucosal abnormalities are common and exhibit variable associations with demographic and clinical factors. Given the non-specific nature of many endoscopic findings, their clinical interpretation should be made cautiously. Further prospective studies incorporating histopathological evaluation are needed to clarify their diagnostic and clinical relevance.

Keywords

• Bile reflux
• endoscopy
• gastric mucosal findings
• reactive gastropathy
• gastritis

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Düzce University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the approval number 2026/80 and date 23 March 2026. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized data.

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