Motor Imagery, Imaging and Swallowing Rehabilitation from The Physiotherapist Perspective: Narrative Review

Öz

Motor imagery is a process in which the movement is experienced cognitively without acting physical movement. There are subtypes of motor imagery. In visual imagery, imagery is examined observationally, while in kinesthetic imagery, movement is felt as if it is being made. It is preferred due to its low cost, feasibility and safety. The fact that the movement is performed without being revealed eliminates the risk of injury. In line with this idea, motor imagery was first applied to healthy individuals and was later used in rehabilitation. Imagery has been tried in many chronic problems and populations and positive results have been reported. Neurological and geriatric rehabilitation areas are among the most frequently used groups. Motor imagery has been used for pain reduction, joint range of motion gain, and strengthening. Swallowing disorder is a common symptom in neurological and oncological diseases characterized by pain and decrease in joint range of motion, strength and function. Swallowing disorder is more common in neurological diseases where motor movement is affected. Swallowing rehabilitation should be started early in neurological diseases to solve the swallowing disorder. Imagery is mostly preferred for the extremities and the trunk in rehabilitation. However, imagery used for the development of motor movement can be preferred in swallowing rehabilitation. It is thought that imagery can be used in swallowing rehabilitation for the purposes of increasing strength and re-education the function. The evaluation of imagery can be determined with various questionnaires, increase in function, and imaging methods. There is a need for guiding studies in the field of motor imagery and swallowing rehabilitation, the effectiveness of which is also indicated with imaging methods, which are one of the objective measurements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• Motor imagery
• Rehabilitation
• Swallowing disorders

Fizyoterapist Bakış Açısıyla Motor İmgeleme, Görüntüleme ve Yutma Rehabilitasyonu: Geleneksel Derleme

Öz

Motor imgeleme, fiziksel hareket oluşturmadan, bilişsel olarak hareketin gerçekleşmesinin deneyimlendiği bir süreçtir. Motor imgelemenin alt türleri vardır. Görsel imgelemede imgeleme gözlemsel incelenir, kinestetik imgelemede hareket yapılıyor gibi hissedilir. Düşük maliyet, kolay uygulanabilirlik ve güvenli olması sebebiyle tercih edilir. Hareket açığa çıkmadan gerçekleşmesi, yaralanma oluşma tehlikesini ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu düşünce doğrultusunda motor imgeleme, önce sağlıklı bireylerde uygulanmaya başlanmış, sonraki süreçlerde rehabilitasyonda kullanılmıştır. Birçok kronik problemde ve popülasyonda imgeleme denenmiş ve olumlu sonuçlar rapor edilmiştir. Nörolojik ve geriatrik rehabilitasyon alanları en sık faydalanılan gruplar arasındadır. Motor imgeleme ağrı azaltma, eklem hareket açıklığı kazandırma, kuvvetlendirme için kullanılmıştır. Yutma bozukluğu, ağrı, eklem hareket açıklığı, kuvvet ve fonksiyonda azalmalarla karakterize, nörolojik, onkolojik hastalıklarda yaygın görülen bir semptomdur. Yutma bozukluğu, motor hareketin etkilendiği nörolojik hastalıklarda karşımıza daha sık çıkmaktadır. Yutma bozukluğunun çözümü açısından nörolojik hastalıklarda yutma rehabilitasyonuna erken dönemde başlanmalıdır. İmgeleme, rehabilitasyonda daha çok ekstremiteler ve gövde için tercih edilmektedir. Ancak motor hareketin gelişmesi amacıyla kullanılan imgeleme, yutma rehabilitasyonunda tercih edilebilir. Kuvvet arttırma ve fonksiyonu tekrar öğretme amaçlarıyla imgelemenin yutma rehabilitasyonunda kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. İmgelemenin değerlendirmesi çeşitli anketler, fonksiyonda artış, görüntüleme yöntemleri ile belirlenebilir. Objektif ölçümlerden biri olan görüntüleme yöntemleriyle de etkinliği belirtilen motor imgeleme ve yutma rehabilitasyonu alanında yol gösterici çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Motor imgeleme
• Yutma bozukluğu
• Rehabilitasyon

Kaynakça

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