Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 57 - 66, 20.08.2024

Öz

Beslenme ve yaşam tarzı, e-sporcuların bilişsel ve fiziksel performanslarını etkileyen önemli faktörlerdir. Çalışmalar, stresin kortizol seviyelerini yükselterek performansı olumsuz etkilediğini göstermekle birlikte e-sporcuların uzun süreli oyun maratonları sırasında düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyine, yetersiz uyku süresine ve bilişsel işlevlere sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir. Sağlıklı, yeterli ve dengeli olmayan bir beslenme tarzı besin ögesi eksikliğine ve stresle ilişkilendirilmiş gastrointestinal semptomları içeren çeşitli sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilir. Bu bağlamda, e-sporcuların fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlıklarını korumak için dengeli beslenme, düzenli fiziksel aktivite, kaliteli uyku ve stres yönetimine sahip olmaları önemlidir. Bu faktörlerin optimal bir şekilde yönetilmesi, e-sporcuların performanslarını artırabilir ve genel sağlıklarını sürdürebilmelerine katkı sağlayabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Argan M, Özer A, Akın E. Elektronik spor: Türkiye’deki siber sporcuların tutum ve davranışları. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi. 2006;1(2):1-11.
  • Mustafaoğlu R. E-spor, spor ve fiziksel aktivite. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(2):84-96.
  • Bilir H. E-spor ekonomisinin gelişimi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;16(3):327-41.
  • Kocadağ M. Elektronik spor kariyeri ve eğitim. Doğu Anadolu Sosyal Bilimlerde Eğilimler Dergisi. 2017;1(2):49-63.
  • Councıl of Europe. “The European sports charter”. 2001. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/epas/resources/charter_en.asp. Erişim: 16.12.2023
  • Hallmann K, Giel T. Esports–competitive sports or recreational activity? Sport Management Review. 2018;21(1):14-20.
  • Parry J. E-sports are not sports. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. 2019;13(1):3-18.
  • Şenses M. Hobi, oyun, spor ve e-spor üzerine eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;21(39):983-1007.
  • Chu HLM. Physical activity and health improvement: can more be achieved? Gaps and Actions in Health Improvement from Hong Kong and Beyond: All for Health. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2023;177-94.
  • Roncone J, Kornspan AS, Hayden EW, Fay M. The relationship of physical activity and mental toughness in collegiate esports varsity student-athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. 2020;41(1):31-40.
  • Pereira AM, Figueiredo P, Seabra A, Brito J. Evaluation of physical activity levels in FPF esports e-athletes. Motricidade. 2019;15:188.
  • Kari T, Siutila M, Karhulahti VM. An extended study on training and physical exercise in esports. Exploring the cognitive, social, cultural, and psychological aspects of gaming and simulations. IGI Global. 2019;270-92. 13.
  • Lam AT, Perera TP, Quirante KBA, Wilks A, Ionas AJ, Baxter GD. E-athletes’ lifestyle behaviors, physical activity habits, and overall health and wellbeing: a systematic review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 2020;25(5-6):449-461.
  • Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):811-29.
  • Franks RR, King D, Bodine W, et al. AOASM position statement on esports, active video gaming, and the role of the sports medicine physician. Clin J Sport Med. 2022;32(3):221-29.
  • Çoban MU, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan, M. Masa başı işlerde çalışanların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, beslenme ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;17:588-602.
  • Roncone, J, Kornspan AS, Hayden EW, Fay M. The relationship of physical activity and mental toughness in collegiate esports varsity student-athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. 2020;41(1):31-40.
  • Kari T, Karhulahti VM. Do e-athletes move?: a study on training and physical exercise in elite e-sports. Int J Gaming Comput Mediat Simul. 2016;8(4):53-66.
  • Eickhoff E, Yung K, Davis DL, Bishop F, Klam WP, Doan AP. Excessive video game use, sleep deprivation, and poor work performance among US marines treated in a military mental health clinic: a case series. Mil Med. 2015;180(7):839-43.
  • Szot M, Fraczek B, Tyrala F. Nutrition patterns of Polish esports players. Nutrients. 2022;15(1):149.
  • Bonnar D, Castine B, Kakoschke N, Sharp G. Sleep and performance in eathletes: for the win! Sleep Health. 2019;5(6):647-50.
  • Fullagar HH, Skorski S, Duffield R, Hammes D, Coutts AJ, Meyer T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med. 2015;45(2):161-86.
  • Socci V, Tempesta D, Desideri G, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Enhancing human cognition with cocoa flavonoids. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2017;4:19.
  • Dolan E, Gualano B, Rawson ES. Beyond muscle: the effects of creatine supplementation on brain creatine, cognitive processing, and traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019;19(1):1-14.
  • Özkan A. E-Spor oyuncularının zihinsel dayanıklılık ve kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;7(2):519-33.
  • Yerkes RM, Dodson JD. The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. J. Comp. Neurol. Psychol. 1908;18(5):459–82.
  • Gündoğdu S, Çolak ÖH, Doğan EA, Gülbetekin E, Polat Ö. Assessment of mental fatigue and stress on electronic sport players with data fusion. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2021;59(9):1691-707.
  • Rudolf K, Grieben C, Achtzehn S, Froböse I. Stress im esport–ein einblick in training und wettkampf. In Proceedings of the eSpor-t Conference Professionalisierung einer Subkultur. 2016.
  • Mendoza G, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Alvero-Cruz JR, et al. The role of experience, perceived match importance, and anxiety on cortisol response in an official esports competition. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):2893.
  • Schmidt SC, Gnam JP, Kopf M, Rathgeber T, Woll A. The influence of cortisol, flow, and anxiety on performance in e-sports: a field study. Biomed Res Int. 2020.
  • Schary DP, Jenny SE, Koshy A, et al. Leveling up esports health: Current status and call to action. International Journal of Esports. 2022;3(3).
  • Bányai F, Griffiths MD, Király O, Demetrovics Z. The psychology of esports: a systematic literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies. 2019;35(2):351-65.
  • Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:1-25.
  • Goulart J, Aitken L, Siddiqui S, et al. Nutrition, Vision, and Cognition in Sport: E-Sport Gaming Athletes. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022;6:789.
  • Brion J. Alimentation et micronutrition, perspectives d'avenir dans l'e-sport. Doctoral Dissertation, Aix-Marseille University Faculty of Pharmacy, 2022.
  • Lopresti AL. The effects of psychological and environmental stress on micronutrient concentrations in the body: a review of the evidence. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020;11(1):103-12.
  • Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, et al. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022;13:988481.
  • Carrillo JÁ, Zafrilla MP, Marhuenda J. Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship? Foods. 2019;8:507.
  • Goulart JB, Aitken LS, Siddiqui S, et al. Nutrition, lifestyle, and cognitive performance in esport athletes. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1120303.
  • Whyte AR, Cheng N, Butler LT, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Flavonoid-rich mixed berries maintain and improve cognitive function over a 6 h period in young healthy adults. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2685.
  • Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14(1):33.
  • Benton D, Young HA. Do small differences in hydration status affect mood and mental performance? Nutr Rev. 2015;73(Suppl. 2):83-96.
  • Benton D, Jenkins KT, Watkins HT, Young HA. Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(3):603-12.
  • Thomas CJ, Rothschild J, Earnest CP, Blaisdell A. The effects of energy drink consumption on cognitive and physical performance in elite league of legends players. Sports (Basel). 2019;7(9):196.
  • Sousa A, Ahmad SL, Hassan T, et al. Physiological and cognitive functions following a discrete session of competitive esports gaming. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1030.
  • Kokkinakis AV, Cowling PI, Drachen A, Wade AR. Exploring the relationship between video game expertise and fluid intelligence. PloS ONE. 2017;12(11):1-15.
  • Carpenter KL, Li W, Wei H, et al. Magnetic susceptibility of brain iron is associated with childhood spatial IQ. Neuroimage. 2016;132:167-74.
  • Travica N, Ried K, Sali A, Scholey A, Hudson I, Pipingas A. Vitamin C status and cognitive function: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):960.
  • Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(2):104-25.
  • Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Fulford J, et al. Dietary nitrate improves sprint performance and cognitive function during prolonged intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115:1825-34.

Physical Activity, Health, and Nutrition in E-sports

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 57 - 66, 20.08.2024

Öz

The nutrition and lifestyle of e-sports players are important factors that affect their cognitive and physical performance. Studies show that stress can negatively impact performance by raising cortisol levels, and e-sports players may experience low levels of physical activity, inadequate sleep, and cognitive impairments during long gaming sessions. An unhealthy, inadequate, and unbalanced diet can lead to nutrient deficiencies and various health issues associated with stress, including gastrointestinal symptoms. In this context, it is important for e-sports players to have balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, quality sleep, and stress management to maintain their physical and mental health. Proper management of these factors can enhance e-sports players' performance and contribute to their overall health.

Kaynakça

  • Argan M, Özer A, Akın E. Elektronik spor: Türkiye’deki siber sporcuların tutum ve davranışları. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi. 2006;1(2):1-11.
  • Mustafaoğlu R. E-spor, spor ve fiziksel aktivite. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(2):84-96.
  • Bilir H. E-spor ekonomisinin gelişimi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;16(3):327-41.
  • Kocadağ M. Elektronik spor kariyeri ve eğitim. Doğu Anadolu Sosyal Bilimlerde Eğilimler Dergisi. 2017;1(2):49-63.
  • Councıl of Europe. “The European sports charter”. 2001. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/epas/resources/charter_en.asp. Erişim: 16.12.2023
  • Hallmann K, Giel T. Esports–competitive sports or recreational activity? Sport Management Review. 2018;21(1):14-20.
  • Parry J. E-sports are not sports. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. 2019;13(1):3-18.
  • Şenses M. Hobi, oyun, spor ve e-spor üzerine eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;21(39):983-1007.
  • Chu HLM. Physical activity and health improvement: can more be achieved? Gaps and Actions in Health Improvement from Hong Kong and Beyond: All for Health. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2023;177-94.
  • Roncone J, Kornspan AS, Hayden EW, Fay M. The relationship of physical activity and mental toughness in collegiate esports varsity student-athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. 2020;41(1):31-40.
  • Pereira AM, Figueiredo P, Seabra A, Brito J. Evaluation of physical activity levels in FPF esports e-athletes. Motricidade. 2019;15:188.
  • Kari T, Siutila M, Karhulahti VM. An extended study on training and physical exercise in esports. Exploring the cognitive, social, cultural, and psychological aspects of gaming and simulations. IGI Global. 2019;270-92. 13.
  • Lam AT, Perera TP, Quirante KBA, Wilks A, Ionas AJ, Baxter GD. E-athletes’ lifestyle behaviors, physical activity habits, and overall health and wellbeing: a systematic review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 2020;25(5-6):449-461.
  • Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):811-29.
  • Franks RR, King D, Bodine W, et al. AOASM position statement on esports, active video gaming, and the role of the sports medicine physician. Clin J Sport Med. 2022;32(3):221-29.
  • Çoban MU, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan, M. Masa başı işlerde çalışanların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, beslenme ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;17:588-602.
  • Roncone, J, Kornspan AS, Hayden EW, Fay M. The relationship of physical activity and mental toughness in collegiate esports varsity student-athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. 2020;41(1):31-40.
  • Kari T, Karhulahti VM. Do e-athletes move?: a study on training and physical exercise in elite e-sports. Int J Gaming Comput Mediat Simul. 2016;8(4):53-66.
  • Eickhoff E, Yung K, Davis DL, Bishop F, Klam WP, Doan AP. Excessive video game use, sleep deprivation, and poor work performance among US marines treated in a military mental health clinic: a case series. Mil Med. 2015;180(7):839-43.
  • Szot M, Fraczek B, Tyrala F. Nutrition patterns of Polish esports players. Nutrients. 2022;15(1):149.
  • Bonnar D, Castine B, Kakoschke N, Sharp G. Sleep and performance in eathletes: for the win! Sleep Health. 2019;5(6):647-50.
  • Fullagar HH, Skorski S, Duffield R, Hammes D, Coutts AJ, Meyer T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med. 2015;45(2):161-86.
  • Socci V, Tempesta D, Desideri G, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Enhancing human cognition with cocoa flavonoids. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2017;4:19.
  • Dolan E, Gualano B, Rawson ES. Beyond muscle: the effects of creatine supplementation on brain creatine, cognitive processing, and traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019;19(1):1-14.
  • Özkan A. E-Spor oyuncularının zihinsel dayanıklılık ve kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;7(2):519-33.
  • Yerkes RM, Dodson JD. The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. J. Comp. Neurol. Psychol. 1908;18(5):459–82.
  • Gündoğdu S, Çolak ÖH, Doğan EA, Gülbetekin E, Polat Ö. Assessment of mental fatigue and stress on electronic sport players with data fusion. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2021;59(9):1691-707.
  • Rudolf K, Grieben C, Achtzehn S, Froböse I. Stress im esport–ein einblick in training und wettkampf. In Proceedings of the eSpor-t Conference Professionalisierung einer Subkultur. 2016.
  • Mendoza G, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Alvero-Cruz JR, et al. The role of experience, perceived match importance, and anxiety on cortisol response in an official esports competition. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):2893.
  • Schmidt SC, Gnam JP, Kopf M, Rathgeber T, Woll A. The influence of cortisol, flow, and anxiety on performance in e-sports: a field study. Biomed Res Int. 2020.
  • Schary DP, Jenny SE, Koshy A, et al. Leveling up esports health: Current status and call to action. International Journal of Esports. 2022;3(3).
  • Bányai F, Griffiths MD, Király O, Demetrovics Z. The psychology of esports: a systematic literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies. 2019;35(2):351-65.
  • Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:1-25.
  • Goulart J, Aitken L, Siddiqui S, et al. Nutrition, Vision, and Cognition in Sport: E-Sport Gaming Athletes. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022;6:789.
  • Brion J. Alimentation et micronutrition, perspectives d'avenir dans l'e-sport. Doctoral Dissertation, Aix-Marseille University Faculty of Pharmacy, 2022.
  • Lopresti AL. The effects of psychological and environmental stress on micronutrient concentrations in the body: a review of the evidence. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020;11(1):103-12.
  • Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, et al. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022;13:988481.
  • Carrillo JÁ, Zafrilla MP, Marhuenda J. Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship? Foods. 2019;8:507.
  • Goulart JB, Aitken LS, Siddiqui S, et al. Nutrition, lifestyle, and cognitive performance in esport athletes. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1120303.
  • Whyte AR, Cheng N, Butler LT, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Flavonoid-rich mixed berries maintain and improve cognitive function over a 6 h period in young healthy adults. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2685.
  • Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14(1):33.
  • Benton D, Young HA. Do small differences in hydration status affect mood and mental performance? Nutr Rev. 2015;73(Suppl. 2):83-96.
  • Benton D, Jenkins KT, Watkins HT, Young HA. Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(3):603-12.
  • Thomas CJ, Rothschild J, Earnest CP, Blaisdell A. The effects of energy drink consumption on cognitive and physical performance in elite league of legends players. Sports (Basel). 2019;7(9):196.
  • Sousa A, Ahmad SL, Hassan T, et al. Physiological and cognitive functions following a discrete session of competitive esports gaming. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1030.
  • Kokkinakis AV, Cowling PI, Drachen A, Wade AR. Exploring the relationship between video game expertise and fluid intelligence. PloS ONE. 2017;12(11):1-15.
  • Carpenter KL, Li W, Wei H, et al. Magnetic susceptibility of brain iron is associated with childhood spatial IQ. Neuroimage. 2016;132:167-74.
  • Travica N, Ried K, Sali A, Scholey A, Hudson I, Pipingas A. Vitamin C status and cognitive function: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):960.
  • Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(2):104-25.
  • Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Fulford J, et al. Dietary nitrate improves sprint performance and cognitive function during prolonged intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115:1825-34.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı Beslenmesi, Spor ve Egzersiz Beslenmesi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Nur Hanefioğlu 0009-0004-7272-8233

Meral Nur Kubilay 0000-0003-0642-0607

Aysun Yüksel 0000-0002-6580-0207

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hanefioğlu, A. N., Kubilay, M. N., & Yüksel, A. (2024). E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, 4(2), 57-66.
AMA Hanefioğlu AN, Kubilay MN, Yüksel A. E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme. SABİTED. Ağustos 2024;4(2):57-66.
Chicago Hanefioğlu, Ayşe Nur, Meral Nur Kubilay, ve Aysun Yüksel. “E-Sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık Ve Beslenme”. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 4, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2024): 57-66.
EndNote Hanefioğlu AN, Kubilay MN, Yüksel A (01 Ağustos 2024) E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 4 2 57–66.
IEEE A. N. Hanefioğlu, M. N. Kubilay, ve A. Yüksel, “E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme”, SABİTED, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 57–66, 2024.
ISNAD Hanefioğlu, Ayşe Nur vd. “E-Sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık Ve Beslenme”. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 4/2 (Ağustos 2024), 57-66.
JAMA Hanefioğlu AN, Kubilay MN, Yüksel A. E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme. SABİTED. 2024;4:57–66.
MLA Hanefioğlu, Ayşe Nur vd. “E-Sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık Ve Beslenme”. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 57-66.
Vancouver Hanefioğlu AN, Kubilay MN, Yüksel A. E-sporda Fiziksel Aktivite, Sağlık ve Beslenme. SABİTED. 2024;4(2):57-66.