Tarihî Bilginin İnşası: Arap Yarımadası'na Gayrimüslim İlgisinin Sâikleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Tarihî bilginin inşa süreçlerinde gözlemcinin/araştırmacının mensubu olduğu kültürün, değer yargılarının, dinî-millî tarihindeki gelişmelerin ve ideolojik dönüşümlerin etkisi, yazımda temsilin politikliği, özne-nesne ilişkileri, öznellik, metinsellik ve yazarın niyeti bağlamında muhtelif disiplinlerce tartışılmaktadır. Batı bilimi ve tarih yazımının emperyal hedeflerle iç içe geçtiği, Doğu’ya ilişkin bilgiyi inşa süreçlerinin yeniden incelenmesi gerektiği bu tartışmaların bir boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tarihî bilginin inşası bağlamında Arap Yarımadası’na gayrimüslim ilgisinin başlıca sâiklerinin tesbitini hedeflemiştir. Gayrimüslim dünyada yürütülen İslâm tetkiklerinin de büyük ölçüde bu incelemelere dayandığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, araştırma sâiklerinin çeşitliliğinin tetkiki inşa edilen bilginin bağlamının tesbiti için de önem arz etmektedir. Bir bibliyografik tarih denemesi olarak da görülebilecek çalışmanın sonucunda, coğrafî keşiflerin yön verdiği 16. yüzyılla ivme kazanan ve günümüze uzanan literatürün Arap Yarımadası’nı Kitâb-ı Mukaddes arkeolojisi, oryantalizm ve Geç Antik Çağ disiplinleri ekseninde incelediği ve kimilerinin alan araştırmalarında otorite kurucu metinlere dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Fetih hareketleriyle İslâm’la tanışan ve erken dönemlerde İslâm karşısında zaafa uğrayan dinî-siyasî kimliğini yeniden inşa etmek için bölge ve kültür temalı yeni tanımlar oluşturan bu literatürün, 16. yüzyıldan itibaren keşif, takip eden süreçte de emperyal hedeflere yoğunlaştığı, bölgeye ilişkin tarihî bilginin bu hedeflere aracılık ettiği görülmüştür. Olgu ile olguya yabancı gözlemci/araştırmacının tabiî mesafesi ve kültürlerarası iletişimin zorluğu, incelenen ve inceleyen arasındaki güç ilişkileri, inşa edilen tarihî bilginin değerlendirilmesi aşamasında hesaba katılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam Tarihi
• Arap Yarımadası
• Tarihi Bilgi
• Kitab-ı Mukaddes Arkeolojisi
• Oryantalizm
• Geç Antik Çağ

The Construction of Historical Knowledge: A Study on the Motives of Non-Muslim Interest in the Arabian Peninsula

Öz

The influence of the culture to which the observer/researcher belongs their value judgments, developments in their religious-national history and ideological transformations on the construction processes of historical knowledge are discussed by various disciplines in the context of the politics of representation in writing, subject-object relations, subjectivity, textuality and the author's intention. The fact that Western science and historiography are intertwined with imperial goals and that the processes of constructing knowledge about the East need to be reexamined constitute one dimension of these discussions. This study aims to identify the main motives behind non-Muslim interest in the Arabian Peninsula in the context of the construction of historical knowledge. Considering that Islamic studies conducted in the non-Muslim world largely rely on these investigations, examining the diversity of research motives is also important for determining the context of the constructed knowledge. The result of this study, which can also be seen as a bibliographic history, shows that the literature, which gained momentum in the 16th century with geographical discoveries and continues to the present day, examines the Arabian Peninsula in the context of Biblical archaeology, Orientalism and Late Antiquity disciplines and that some of them have become effective texts in field studies. This literature, which encountered Islam through conquests and formed new definitions based on region and culture in order to rebuild its religious-political identity that had been weakened in the early periods, focused on imperial goals in the 16th It has been observed that this literature, which was created by scholars who were unfamiliar with the subject matter, has been used as an authoritative text in field research by some. The natural distance between the observer/researcher and the phenomenon, the difficulty of intercultural communication, and the power relations between the subject of study and the researcher must be taken into account when evaluating the constructed historical knowledge.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siyer
• Siyer
• History of Islam
• Arabian Peninsula
• Historical Knowledge
• Biblical Archaeology
• Orientalism
• Late Antquity

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