The Role of Artificial Intelligence in China's Hegemony: Strategic Analysis and Future Perspectives

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 83 - 108, 30.06.2025

İlkcan Ayar

Öz

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most significant technological innovations of the twenty-first century, reshaping not only daily life but also global power relations and the architecture of international diplomacy. In this context, the People's Republic of China has strategically positioned itself as a leading actor on the global stage by implementing comprehensive AI development policies and making substantial investments. China's advancements in the field of AI extend beyond mere technological progress; they encompass economic, military, and diplomatic dimensions, influencing global technology markets and altering the existing balance of international power. This study examines China’s development trajectory in AI, its strategic objectives, and the implications of these developments for global power structures. It also evaluates the opportunities and internal challenges associated with China’s AI strategy, along with the long-term consequences of this pursuit of global hegemony. The analysis highlights China’s deliberate effort to achieve superiority in economic, military, and diplomatic spheres through AI and argues that this ascent will lead to significant and lasting transformations in the international system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence , Hegemony , China

Çin Hegemonyasında Yapay Zekânın Rolü: Stratejik Analiz ve Gelecek Perspektifleri

Öz

Yapay zekâ (YZ), yirmi birinci yüzyılın en önemli teknolojik yeniliklerinden biri olarak günlük yaşamın yanı sıra, küresel güç ilişkilerini ve uluslararası diplomasi mimarisini de yeniden şekillendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, önemli yatırımlar ile kapsamlı YZ geliştirme politikalarını hayata geçirerek küresel arenada önde gelen bir aktör konumuna yükselmiştir. Çin’in YZ alanındaki ilerlemeleri, teknolojik bir gelişme olmanın ötesinde, ekonomik, askeri ve diplomatik birçok boyutu içermekte; küresel teknoloji pazarlarını etkileyerek mevcut uluslararası güç dengesini değiştirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Çin’in YZ alanındaki gelişim sürecini, stratejik hedeflerini ve bunların küresel güç yapıları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Ayrıca, Çin’in YZ stratejisinin ortaya çıkaracağı fırsatlar ve içsel zorluklar ile küresel hegemonya peşindeki bu çabanın uzun vadeli sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir. Analiz, Çin’in YZ yoluyla ekonomik, askeri ve diplomatik alanlarda üstünlük sağlama yönündeki bilinçli çabasını vurgulamakta ve bu yükselişin uluslararası sistemde önemli ve kalıcı dönüşümlere yol açacağını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ , Hegemonya , Çin

Kaynakça

• Al-Fattah, M. S., & Aramco, S. (2021). Application of the artificial intelligence GANNATS model in forecasting crude oil demand for Saudi Arabia and China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 200, 108368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108368
• Brady, A.-M. (2018). Marketing dictatorship: Propaganda and thought work in contemporary China. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Brennan-Marquez, K., & Henderson, S. E. (2019). Artificial intelligence and role-reversible judgment. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 109(2), 137–164.
• Bhutoria, A. (2022). Personalized education and artificial intelligence in the United States, China, and India: A systematic review using a human-in-the-loop model. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100068
• Creemers, R. (2018). China's social credit system: An evolving practice of control. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175792
• Crafts, N. (2021). Artificial intelligence as a general-purpose technology: An historical perspective. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 37(3), 521–536. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grab012
• Chen, X., Leung, Y. A., & Shen, J. (2022). Artificial intelligence and its application for cardiovascular diseases in Chinese medicine. Digital Chinese Medicine, 5, 367–376. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.003
• Eslami, M., Mosavi, N.S., Can, M. (2023). Sino-Iranian Cooperation in Artificial Intelligence: A Potential Countering Against the US Hegemony. In: Duarte, P.A.B., Leandro, F.J.B.S., Galán, E.M. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Globalization with Chinese Characteristics. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6700-9_32
• Filippova, E., Scharl, A., Filippov, P. (2019). Blockchain: An Empirical Investigation of Its Scope for Improvement. In: Joshi, J., Nepal, S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, LJ. (eds) Blockchain – ICBC 2019. ICBC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11521. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23404-1_1
• Hu, X. (2022). Quantitative analysis of China's artificial intelligence technology patents. Procedia Computer Science, 208, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.10.004
• Helleiner, E. (2023). The Neomercantilists. Cornell University Press.
• Kania, E. B. (2019, 7 Haziran). Chinese military innovation in artificial intelligence (Congressional testimony). Center for a New American Security. https://www.cnas.org/publications/congressional-testimony/chinese-military-innovation-in-artificial-intelligence
• Kim, S., Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2021). Integrating AI literacy into elementary school curriculums: Implications for academic performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(3), 567–589.
• Li, C., Fei, W., Han, Y., Ning, X., Wang, Z., Li, K., Xue, K., Xu, J., Yu, R., Meng, R., Xu, F., Ma, W., & Cui, Y. (2021). Construction of an artificial intelligence system in dermatology: Effectiveness and consideration of Chinese Skin Image Database (CSID). Intelligent Medicine, 1(2), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imed.2021.04.003
• Malmio, I. (2023). Ethics as an enabler and a constraint – Narratives on technology development and artificial intelligence in military affairs through the case of Project Maven. Technology in Society, 72, 102193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102193
• Organski, A. F. K. (1958). World politics. Knopf.
• O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown Publishing Group.
• Özdemir, S. G. (2019). Artificial intelligence application in the military: The case of United States and China. Seta, Analysis, 51.
• Roberts, H., Cowls, J., Morley, J., Taddeo, M., Wang, V., & Floridi, L. (2020). The Chinese approach to artificial intelligence: An analysis of policy, ethics, and regulation. AI & Society, 36, 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00992-2
• Roberts, H., Cowls, J., Hine, E., Morley, J., Wang, V., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2022). Governing artificial intelligence in China and the European Union: Comparing aims and promoting ethical outcomes. The Information Society, 39(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2022.2124565
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2005). Political realism in international relations.
• State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2017, 8 Temmuz). A New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (F. Sapio, W. Chen & A. Lo, çeviri). Foundational for Law and International Affairs çevirisi. https://flia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/A-New-Generation-of-Artificial-Intelligence-Development-Plan-1.pdf
• Zeng, J. (2019). Artificial intelligence and China's authoritarian governance: Prospects and challenges. Pacific Affairs, 92(3), 473–492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa172
• Zhu, H., Lai, J., Liu, B., Wen, Z., Xiong, Y., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Fu, Q., Yu, G., Yan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Wang, C., & Zeng, H. (2021). Automatic pulmonary auscultation grading diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 in China with artificial intelligence algorithms: A cohort study. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 213, 106500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106500
• Zhang, J., Peng, Q., & Yan, J. (2023). Bibliometric analysis on research hotspots and evolutionary trends of artificial intelligence application in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis. Digital Chinese Medicine, 6, 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.07.004