The Production and characterization of tin (II) oxide composite anode electrodes for lithium ion batteries

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 150 - 156, 01.04.2017

Mehmet Oğuz Güler

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.296995

Öz

In this study, the core component
of the composite, tin (II) oxide powders synthesized through a facile chemical
reduction methods for Li-ion batteries. As the shell structure, surfaces of the
as-synthesized tin (II) oxide particles were coated with carbon through
microwave assisted carburization process. The surface morphologies and phase
components of the as-synthesized tin (II) oxide/carbon composites were
investigated via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods,
respectively. CR2016 type coin cells were prepared by using tin (II)
oxide/carbon composite powders and electrochemical tests were performed at room
temperature via 8-channel MTI BST8‒MA electrochemical test station between 10
mV and 2.5 V potential range by applying fixed 1 C state of charge conditions.
The results have shown that tin (II) oxide/carbon composite structure have
significantly improved the specific capacities to 396 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tin (II) oxide, core/shell, chemical reduction, microwave assisted carburization, Li ion battery

Lityum iyon piller için kalay (II) oksit kompozit anot elektrotlarının üretimi ve karakterizasyonu

Öz

 Bu çalışmada
Li-iyon piller için uyumlu çekirdek olarak kalay (II) oksit anotlar kimyasal
indirgeme yöntemi ile sentezlenmiştir. Karbon esaslı kabuk sentezi için
mikrodalga destekli karbürizasyon yöntemi kullanılmış ve SnO tozlarının
yüzeylerinde ince amorf bir karbon tabakası elde edilmiştir. Üretilen kalay
(II) oksit/karbon kompozit elektrotların yüzey morfolojileri Taramalı
Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile analiz edilmiş ve yapıların faz bileşenleri
X-Işınları Difraktometresi (XRD) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Üretilen kalay
(II) oksit/karbon kompozit tozları kullanılarak hazırlanan elektrotlar ile
CR2016 test hücreleri hazırlanmış ve elektrotların elektrokimyasal
performansı MTI BST8‒MA 8 kanallı pil test ünitesinde, oda sıcaklığında 10 mV
ve 2,5 V arasında sabit 1C şarj/deşarj şartlarında akım verilerek test
edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kalay (II) oksit/karbon kompozit elektrot
malzemeleri ile 100 çevrim sonrasında 396 mAh g^-1 deşarj
kapasitesi elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalay (II) oksit, çekirdek/kabuk, kimyasal indirgeme, mikrodalga destekli karbürizasyon, Li iyon pil

Kaynakça

• [1] C. Chen and Y. Tseng, “Cross-interaction in Cu/Sn/Co/Sn/Ni and Cu/Sn–Co/Co/Sn– Co/Ni couples,” J. Electron. Mater., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 1021-1027, Mar. 2015.
• [2] X. Li, Y. Zhong, M. Cai, M. Balogh, D. Wang, Y. Zhang, R. Li and X. Sun, “Tin-alloy heterostructures encapsulated in amorphous carbon nanotubes as hybrid anodes in rechargeable lithium ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 387-393, Feb. 2013.
• [3] K. Wang, D. Gan, K. Hsiel and S. Y. Chiou, “The microstructure of η′-Cu6Sn5 and its orientation relationships with Cu in the early stage of growth,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 518, no. 6, pp. 1667-1674, Jan. 2010.
• [4] A. Yamano, M. Morishita, H. Yamauchi, T. Nagakane, M. Ohji, A. Sakamoto, M. Yanagida and T. Sakai, “Electrochemical and safety performance of Li pre-doping free cell using tin-phosphate glass-silicon composite anode,” J. Power Sources, vol. 292, no. 1, pp. 31-38, Oct. 2015.
• [5] Y. Idota, T. Kubota, A. Matsufuji, Y. Maekawa and T. Miyasaka, “Tin-based amorphous oxide: a high-capacity lithium-ion-storage material,” Science, vol. 276, no. 5317, pp. 1395-1397, May 1997.
• [6] J H. Giefers, F. Porsch and W. G., “Kinetics of the disproportionation of SnO,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 176, no. 1-2, p. 199–207, Jan. 2005.
• [7] J. Chouvin, C. Branci, J. Sarradin, J. Fourcade, J. Jumas, B. Simon and P. Biensan, “Lithium intercalation in tin oxide,” J. Power Sources, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 277–281, Sept. 1999.
• [8] I. Courtney and J. Dahn, “Electrochemical and In Situ X‐ray diffraction studies of the reaction of lithium with tin oxide composites,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 144, no. 6, pp. 2045-2052, Nov. 1997.
• [9] D.-S. Wu, C.-Y. Han, S.-Y. Wang, N.-L. Wu and I. Rusakova, “Microwave assisted solution synthesis of SnO nanocrystallites,” Mater. Lett., vol. 53, no. 3, p. 155–159, Mar. 2002.
• [10] F. Kazumi, N. Chizuko, M. Keizo and M. Shunmei, “Preparation of Tin(II) Oxide by a homogeneous precipitation method,” B. Chem. Soc. Jpn., vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 2718-2720, June 2006.
• [11] V. Jimenez, A. E. J. Gonzalez-Elipe, A. Justo and A. Fernandez, “Synthesis of SnO and SnO2 nancrystalline powders by the gas phase condensation method,” Sensor. and Actuator., vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 29-32, Feb. 1992.
• [12] K. Amitabh and R. Rustum, “RESA- A wholly new process for fine oxide powder preparation,” J. Mater. Res., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1373-1377, Dec. 1988.
• [13] F. J. E. Pires, R. Savu, M. Zaghate, E. Longo and J. Varela, “Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO powders,” Mater. Lett., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 239-242, Jan. 2008.
• [14] H. Avila and J. Rodríguez-Páez, “Solvent effects in the synthesis process of tin oxide,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 355, no. 14-15, pp. 885-890, June 2009.
• [15] H. Yamaguchi, S. Nakanishi, H. Iba and T. Itoh, “Amorphous polymeric anode materials from poly(acrylic acid) and tin(II) oxide for lithium ion batteries,” J. Power Sources, vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 1-5, Feb. 2015.
• [16] Lu, C. Ma, J. Alvarado, T. Kidera, N. Dimov, Y. S. Meng and S. Okada, “Electrochemical properties of tin oxide anodes for sodium-ion,” J. Power Sources, vol. 284, no. 1, pp. 287-295, June 2015.
• [17] M. Shimizu, H. Usui and H. Sakaguchi, “Electrochemical Na-insertion/extraction properties of SnO thick-film electrodes prepared by gas-deposition,” J. Power Sources, vol. 248, no. 1, p. 378–382, Feb. 2014.
• [18] L. Bardini, A. Pappacena, M. Dominguez-Escalante, J. Llorca, M. Boaro and A. Trovarelli, “Structural and electrocatalytic properties of molten core Sn@SnOx nanoparticles on ceria,” Appl. Catal. B-Environ., vol. 197, no. 1, p. 254–261, Nov. 2016.
• [19] B. Huang, X. Li, Y. Pei, S. Li, X. Cao, R. Massé and G. Cao, “Novel carbon-encapsulated porous SnO2 anode for lithium-ion batteries with much improved cyclic stability,” Small, vol. 12, no. 14, pp. 1645-1955, Feb. 2016.
• [20] G. Yang, A. Frenkel, D. Su and X. Teng, “Enhanced electrokinetics of C− C bond splitting during ethanol oxidation by using a Pt/Rh/Sn catalyst with a partially oxidized Pt and Rh core and a SnO2 shell,” Chem. Cat. Chem., vol. 8, no. 18, p. 2876–2880, 2016.
• [21] M. O. Guler, A. Akbulut, T. Cetinkaya, M. Uysal and H. Akbulut, “Improvement of electrochemical and structural properties of LiMn2O4 spinel based electrode materials for Li-ion batteries,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., vol. 39, no. 36, pp. 21447-21460, Dec. 2014.
• [22] M. O. Guler, T. Cetinkaya, U. Tocoglu and H. Akbulut, “Electrochemical performance of MWCNT reinforced ZnO anodes for Li-ion batteries,” Microelectron. Eng., vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 54-60, Apr. 2014.
• [23] U. Tocoglu, O. Cevher, M. O. Guler and H. Akbulut, “Core–shell tin-multi walled carbon nanotube composite anodes for lithium ion batteries,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., vol. 39, no. 36, p. 21386–21390, Dec. 2014.
• [24] U. Tocoglu, O. Cevher, M. O. Guler and H. Akbulut, “Coaxial silicon/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite anodes for long cycle life lithium-ion batteries,” Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 305, no. 1, p. 402–411, June 2014.