Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activities of Ruta buxbaumii Poir. (Rutaceae) Growing in Raman Mountain-Batman

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 5, 1148 - 1158, 30.10.2021

Alevcan Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.898031

Öz

The members of the Rutaceae genus have found a wide application area in traditional medicine in many countries from ancient times to today, they have been used for many purposes in Turkey. Ruta species have many pharmacological properties such as abortive treatment, as antirheumatic, hypoglycemic, ant-helmintic, antipyretic, antiepileptic, in the treatment of diabetes, epilepsy, vertigo, headache and eye dise-ases, in the elimination of intestinal worms and in poisoning. In this paper, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of methanol (MeOH), Petroleum ether, EtOAc and ethanol (EtOH) extracts of wild Ruta buxbaumii Poir. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated using disc diffusion method. The extracts were also found to have microbe inhibiting activities. The antioxidant properties and activities were evaluated by using total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The results showed that while ethanol extract of Ruta buxbaumii was higher (54.10±0.13) than other extracts in terms of total phenolic substance content, met-hanol and ethanol extracts were found higher (47.52±0.19 and 46.86±0.16) than other extracts in terms of total flavonoid content, respectively. Also, radical scavenging activities such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) of extracts was investigated, and according to the solvent, it was revealed that MeOH extracts (73.6 %) of Ruta buxbaumii exhibited high activity. This study indicates that R. buxbaumii Poir. extracts could be used as a natural medical application in antimicrobial and antioxidant treatments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimicrobial activity, DPPH, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, R. buxbaumii

Destekleyen Kurum

Batman University

Kaynakça

• [1] E. Faydaoğlu and MS. Sürücüoğlu, “Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanılması ve Ekonomik Önemi”, Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.11, no. 1, pp.52-67, 2011.
• [2] WHO, “WHO Guidelines on Safety Monitoring of Herbal Medicines in Pharmacovigilance Systems”, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.
• [3] A. Titz, “Policy, Research & Development and Commercialisation Strategies, Scope for Diversified and Sustainable Extraction”, Bangalore, India, pp.72-80, 2004.
• [4] S. Erdem, P. Ata Eren, “Tedavi Amacıyla Kullanılan Bitkiler Ve Bitkisel Ürünlerin Yan Etkileri”, Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 66, no. 3, pp.133-141, 2009.
• [5] TG. Amabye and TM. Shalkh, “Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ruta graveolens L. -A Medicinal Plant Grown around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia”, Natural Products Chemistry and Research, vol. 3, no.6, 195, 2015.
• [6] APG, “The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II”, Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, vol.141, pp. 399-436, 2003.
• [7] DE. Soltis, PS. Soltis, PK. Endress and MW. Chase, “Phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms”, Sunderland, MA, Sinauer, 2005.
• [8] L. Wei, YZ. Wang and ZY. Li, “Floral ontogeny of Ruteae (Rutaceae) and its systematic implications”, Plant Biology, vol. 14, pp.190-197, 2012.
• [9] MW. Chase, CM. Morton and JA. Kallunki,“Phylogenetic relationships of Rutaceae: a cladistic analysis of the subfamilies using evidence from rbcL and atpB sequence variation”, American Journal of Botany, vol. 86, pp.1191-1199, 1999.
• [10] G. Salvo, G. Bacchetta, F. Ghahremaninejad and E. Conti, “Phylogenetic relationships of Ruteae (Rutaceae): New evidence from the chloroplast genome and comparisons with non-molecular data”, Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, vol.49, pp. 736-748, 2008.
• [11] A. Pollio, A. De Natale, E. Appetiti, G. Aliotta and A. Touwaide, “Continuity and change in the Mediterranean medical tradition: Ruta spp.(rutaceae) in Hippocratic medicine and present practices”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol.116, no.3, pp.469-482, 2008.
• [12] SA. Parray, JU. Bhat, G. Ahmad, N. Jahan, G. Sofi, SMF. Iqbal, “ Ruta graveolens: from Traditional System of Medicine to Modern Pharmacology: an Overview”, American Journal of PharmTech Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 240-252, 2012.
• [13] K. Günaydin and S. Savca, “Phytochemical studies on Ruta chalepensis (LAM.) lamarck”, Natural Product Research, vol.19, no.3, pp. 203-210, 2006.
• [14] F. Haddouchi, TM. Chaouche, Y. Zaouali, R. Ksouri, A. Attou and A. Benmansour, “Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Ruta species growing in Algeria”, Food Chemistry, vol.141, no.1, pp.253- 258, 2013.
• [15] S. Bouajaj, A. Romane, A. Benyamna, I. Amri, M. Hanana, L. Hamrouni and M. Romdhane, “Essential oil composition, phytotoxic and antifungal activities of Ruta chalepensis L. leaves from High Atlas Mountains (Morocco)”, Natural Product Research, vol. 28, no.21, pp. 1910-1914, 2014.
• [16] M. Kacem, I. Kacem, G. Simon, A. Benmansour, S. Chaabouni, A. Elfeki, M. Bouaziz, “Phytochemicals and bio-logical activities of Ruta chalepensis L. growing in Tunisia”, Food Bioscience, vol. 12, pp. 73- 83, 2015.
• [17] MR. Loizzo, T. Falco, M. Bonesi, V. Sicari, R. Tundis and M. Bruno, “Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) leaf extract: chemical composition, antioxidant and hypoglicaemic activities”, Natural Product Research, vol. 32, no.5, pp.521-528, 2018.
• [18] S. Al Majmaie, L. Nahar, GP. Sharples, K. Wadi and SD. Sarker, “Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of Rutin and its Derivatives from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) Growing in Iraq”. Records of Natural Products, vol.13, no.1, pp.64- 70, 2018.
• [19] L. Gali, F. Bedjou, “Antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol extract fractions and to-tal alkaloids from the cultivated Ruta chalepensis”, South African Journal of Botany, vol. 120, pp.163-169, 2019.
• [20] NEH. Bekkar, B. Meddah, YS. Çakmak, B. Keskin, “Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities of Zizyphus lotus L. and Ruta chalepensis L. Growing in Mascara (Western Algeria)”, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Food Science, vol.10, no. 5, pp. 1-9, 2021.
• [21] AT. Coimbra, S. Ferreira and AP. Duarte, “Genus Ruta: A natural source of high value products with biological and pharmacological properties”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 260, 2020.
• [22] IA. Kostova, A. Ivanova, B. Mikhova and I. Klaiber, “Alkaloids and couma-rins from Ruta graveolens”, Monatshef-te für Chemie, vol. 130, pp. 703-707, 1999.
• [23] JF. Benazir, R. Suganthi, MR. Renjini Devi, K. Suganya, K. Monisha, KP. Ni-zar Ahamed, R. Santhi, “Phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of methanolic extracts from Ruta graveolens”, Journal of Pharmacy Research, vol.4, no.5, pp. 1407-1409. 2011.
• [24] CC. Townsend, “Haplophyllum A.Juss. In: Davis, P.H (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and The Aegean Islands”, vol. 2, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 496-506, 1967.
• [25] http://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr, date of access, 11.03.2021.
• [26] http://www.theplantlist.org, date of access, 11.03.2021.
• [27] http://www.ipni. org, date of access, 11.03.2021.
• [28] O. Tugay,. Rutaceae. Şu eserde: A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, MT. Babaç, (edlr.) “Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)”, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 2012.
• [29] T. Baytop, “ Türkiye’de Tıbbi bitkilerle Tedavi: Geçmişten Günümüze”, Sanal Basımevi, İstanbul, pp.373-374,1984.
• [30] NA. Shuiba, A. Iqbalb, FA. Sulaimana, I. Razaka, D. Susantic, “Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ruta angustifolia Extract”, Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), vol. 77, no.25, pp.101-105, 2015.
• [31] KM. Meepagala, KK. Schrader, DE. Wedge, SO. Duke, “Algicidal and antifungal compounds from the roots of Ruta graveolens and synthesis of their analogs”, Phytochemistry, vol. 66, pp. 2689-2695, 2005.
• [32] TR. Shryock, JM. Staples and DC. De Rosa, “Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Break Points and Disk Diffusion Inhibitory Zone Interpretive Criteriafor Tilmicosin Susceptibility Testing Against Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Associated with Porcine Respiratory”, Disease Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis Investigation, vol.14, pp.389- 395, 2002.
• [33] VL. Singleton, R. Orthofer, RM. LamuelaRaventós, “Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent”, Methods in Enzymology, vol. 299, pp. 152- 178, 1999.
• [34] A. Arvouet-Grand, B. Vennat, A. Pourrat and P. Legret, “Standardisation dun extrait de propolis et identification des principaux constituants”, Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique, vol. 49, pp. 462-468,1994.
• [35] K. Gezer, ME. Duru, I. Kıvrak, A. Türkoğlu, N. Mercan, H. Türkoğlu, S. Gülcan, “Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom from Turkey”, African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 5, no. 20, pp. 1924- 1928, 2006.
• [36] T. Essawi, M. Srour, “Screening of Some Palestinian Medicinal Plants for Antibacterial Activity”, Journal of Ethnoparmacology, vol. 70, pp. 343- 349, 2000.
• [37] Z. Özer, N. Tursun, H. Önen, “Yabancı Otlarla Sağlıklı Yaşam (Gıda ve Tedavi)”, Ankara, 4Renk Yayınları, pp.133, 2001.
• [38] Z. Gökhan, C. Ramazan, K. Jelena, M. Adriano, A. Abdurrahman, B. Tatjana, M. Sanja, M. Vladi-mir, S. Snezana, AE. Zaahira, Y. Mustafa Abdullah, M. Mohamad Fawzi, “Combining in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches to evaluate nutraceutical potentials and chemical fingerprints of Moltkia aurea and Moltkia coerulea”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 107, pp. 540-553, 2017.
• [39] CA. Hart, S. Karriuri, “Anti-microbial resistant in developing country”, British Medical Journal, vol. 317, pp. 647-650, 1998.
• [40] A. Drioiche, A. Sanae, B. Salima, S. Soukaina, A. Atika, R. Rachid, M. Malika, EH, Fatima, M. Aicha, E. Bruno and Z. Touriya, “Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Phenolic Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Ruta montana L. of the Middle Atlas MountainsMorocco”, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, vol. 23, no. 5 pp. 902 - 917. 2020.
• [41] SM, Alotaibi, SS. Monerah, GAH. Jehan, “Phytochemical contents and biological evaluation of Ruta chalepensis L. growing in Saudi Arabia”, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 26, pp. 504-508, 2018.
• [42] H. Farah, MC. Tarik, Z. Yosr, K. Riadh, A. Amina, B. Abdelhafid, “Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from four Ruta species growing in Algeria”, Food Chemistry, vol. 141, pp. 253-258, 2013.
• [43] I. Ouerghemmi, IB. Rebey, FZ. Rahali, S. Bourgou, L. Pistelli, R. Ksouri, B. Marzouk, MS. Tounsi, “Antioxidant and antimicrobial phenolic compounds from extracts of cultivated and wild-grown Tunisian Ruta chalepensis”, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, vol. 25, no. 2, pp.350-359, 2017.
• [44] A. Ivanova, B. Mikhovaa, H. Najdenskib, I. Tsvetkovab, I. Kostova, “Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Ruta graveolens”,Fitoterapia, vol.76,pp. 344- 347, 2005.
• [45] RD.Nagarjuna and AJ. Al-Rajab, “Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ruta graveolens L. volatile oils”, Cogent Chemistry, vol.2, 1220055, 2016.
• [46] BG. Nilgün, Ö. Gülcan, S. Osman, “Total phenolic contents and antibacterial activities of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) extracts”, Food Control, vol. 15, pp. 335- 339, 2004.
• [47] MJ. Rodríguez Vaquero, A. Maria Rosa, MC. Manca de Nadra, “Antibacterial effect of phenolic compounds from different wines”, Food Control, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 93- 101, 2007.
• [48] A. Scalbert, “Antimicrobial Properties of Tannins”, Phytochemistry, vol. 30, pp. 3875-3883, 1991.
• [49] BG. Kaplan , “Patlıcanda (Solanum melongena L.) Aşı Kombinasyonlarının Bazı Biyokimyasal Bileşikler Üzerine Etkisi”, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversi-tesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, pp. 29, 2019.
• [50] N. Fakhfakh, S. Zouari, M. Zouari, C. Loussayef, N. Zouari, “Chemical composition of volatile compounds and antioxidant activities of essential oil, aqueous and ethanol extracts of wild Tunisian Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutacea)”, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, vol. 6, pp. 593-600, 2012.
• [51] KI. Ereifej, H. Feng, T. Rababah, A. Almajwal, M. Alủdatt, SI. Gammoh, LI. Oweis, Chemical composition, phenolics, anthocyanins concentration and antioxidant activity of ten wild edible plants”, Food and Nutrition Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 581-590, 2015.
• [52] C. Yaman, D. Ulukuş, O. Tugay, “Total Bioactive Contents and Radical Scavenging Activities of Some Ruta L. Extracts”, KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, vol. 22, no. 2,pp. 193-201, 2019.
• [53] M. Merghem, S. Dahamna, “ In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Ruta montana L.”, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, vol.10, no.2, pp. 69-75, 2020.
• [54] M. Gangwar, MK. Gautam, AK. Sharma, YB. Tripathi, RK. Goel, G. Nath, “Antioxidant Capacity and Radical Scavenging Effect of Polyphenol Rich Mallotus philippenensis Fruit Extract on Human Erythrocytes: An In Vitro Study”, Scientific World Journal, vol. 12, pp. 2-12, 2014.
• [55] ZM. Zin, A. Abdul-Hamid, A. OSMAN ,“Antioxidative activity of extracts from Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) root, fruit and leaf”, Food Chemistry, vol. 78, pp. 227- 231, 2002.