Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde Dispne, Bakım Bağımlılığı ve Kırılganlık: İlişkisel Araştırma

Yıl 2024, , 94 - 112, 31.08.2024

Merve Esen , Zehra Gök Metin

https://doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1435079

Öz

Amaç: Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı ilerledikçe yaşlı yetişkinlerde şiddetli nefes darlığı da dahil olmak üzere semptom yükü giderek artmaktadır. Bu araştırma kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan yaşlı bireylerde dispne, bakım bağımlılığı ve kırılganlık değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-korelasyonel tasarıma sahip olan araştırmaya 105 katılımcı dahil edildi. Araştırma verileri Dispne-12 Ölçeği, Bakım Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Edmonton Kırılganlık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Dispne medyan puanı 24 (orta ila yüksek), bakım bağımlılığı 61 (düşük) ve kırılganlık puanı 10 (orta) olarak bulundu. Yaş (β = 0,171, p = 0,013), kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı evresi (β = 0,465, p<0,001) ve gelir durumunun (β = 0,907, p=0,049) dispnenin belirleyicileri olduğu ve varyansın %67,1’ini açıkladığı belirlendi. Yaş (β = -0,43, p<0,001), KOAH evresi (β = 0,506, p<0,001) ve gelir durumunun (β =- 0,147, p<0,001) bakım bağımlılığını yordadığı bulundu. Yaş ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı evresinin yanı sıra, eğitim durumu (β =0,172, p<0,011), komorbid durumların (β =0,172, p<0,011) ve komorbiditelere yönelik kullanılan tedavilerin (β =0,126, p<0,049) ise kırılganlığın belirleyicileri olduğu ortaya çıktı.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma ile ileri evre kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan, eğitim seviyesi düşük, gelir düzeyi düşük ve ek hastalıkları olan yaşlı bireylerin bakım bağımlılığı ve kırılganlığının daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkarıldı. Hemşireler, kırılganlık açısından yüksek riskli olan Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan yaşlı bireyleri belirlemek için dispne şiddeti ve bakım bağımlılığını eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirmelidir. Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde dispne yönetimi ve böylelikle bakım bağımlılığı ve kırılganlığın azaltılmasında ileri yaş, ileri evre hastalık, eğitim düzeyi, gelir durumu ve eşlik eden komorbiditeleri dikkate alan ileri çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakım bağımlılığı, dispne, hemşire, kırılganlık, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı

Dyspnea, Care Dependency, and Frailty in Older Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Correlational Study

Öz

Objective: As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progresses, older adults have an increased symptom burden, including severe dyspnea. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dyspnea, care dependency, and frailty in older adults with COPD.
Methods: The current study was a descriptive-correlational study. One hundred and five participants were included. Data were collected face-to-face using the Dyspnea-12 Scale, Care Dependency Scale, and Edmonton Frailty Scale. Correlation and regression analysis were performed.
Results: The median score for dyspnea was 24 (moderate to high), 61 (low) for care dependency, and 10 (moderate) for frailty. Age (β=0.171, p=.013), COPD stage (β=0.465, p<.001), and income status (β=0.907, p=.049) were the predictors of dyspnea and explained 67.1% of the variance. Age (β=-0.43, p<.001), COPD stage (β = 0.506, p<0.001), and income status (β=- 0.147, p<.001) were also identified as the predictors of care dependency. Besides age and COPD stage, educational status (β=0.172, p<.049) were the predictors of frailty.
Conclusions: This study implied that older adults who had advanced stage COPD, were lower educated, had low-income levels, and comorbidities perceived higher care dependency and frailty. Nurses should assess both dyspnea and care dependency to identify older adults with COPD at risk for increased frailty. Studies considering COPD stage, education level, income status, and comorbidities on dyspnea management, and alleviating care dependency and frailty are warranted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Care Dependency, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Dyspnea, Frailty, Geriatrics, Nurse

Kaynakça

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