MATURITY RELATED VARIATION IN ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AMONG YOUNG MALE ATHLETES AND NONATHLETES

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of maturation and regular sport participation on anaerobic performance variables of 11-to 15-year-old young male athletes and non-athletes. One hundred fifty young male subjects were voluntarily participated in this study. Trained boys (n=75), comprised of 27 Handball, 26 Soccer and 22 Volleyball players, had been training regularly for at least one year. However, untrained boys (n=75) were not involved in any systematic training program. Participants were also divided into five maturity groups according to Tanner’s stages. Body mass and stature were determined. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were also calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was evaluated with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x5) with Tukey’s-HSD was used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also computed. The results revealed that absolute anaerobic performance variables were highly positively correlated with body mass and fat free mass, significantly increase with maturation (p<0.01). Maturation effect on anaerobic performance variables remained even when body mass and fat free mass were factored out (p<0.01). The trained boys have higher anaerobic performance values and relatively steeper increase with maturation compared to untrained group. Finally, there were no interaction effects between maturation and training groups on any of the variables. In conclusion, variations in anaerobic performance levels are partly determined by factors other than body mass or fat free mass. This finding may be due, in part, to the maturation-related functional and metabolic changes in skeletal muscle.

Keywords

• maturation,anaerobic performance,training

SPORCU VE SPORCU OLMAYAN ERKEK ÇOCUKLARDA OLGUNLAŞMAYA BAĞLI OLARAK ANAEROBİK PERFORMANS GELİŞİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 11-15 yaş arasındaki sporcu ve aktif spor yapmayan erkek çocuklarda anaerobik performans düzeyinin farklı olgunluk evreleri ve düzenli antrenman katılımına bağlı olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya ortalama yaşları 12.96±1.43 yıl olan 75 sporcu (sporcu grup) ve 75 aktif spor yapmayan (kontrol grup) toplam 150 erkek çocuk gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcu grup en az bir yıl antrenman yaşına sahip, düzenli antrenman yapan takım sporcularından (Hentbol n=27; Futbol n=26; Voleybol n=22), kontrol grubu ise, daha önce düzenli antrenmana katılmamış erkek çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar ayrıca Tanner evrelerine göre belirlenmiş beş farklı olgunluk düzeyi grubuna ayrılmışlardır. Vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleriyle birlikte, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağsız vücut kütlesi uygun eşitliklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Anaerobik performans düzeyleri Wingate Anaerobik Testi ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde İki Yönlü Varyans Analizi (2x5) kullanılmış, ayrıca ilişki katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve yağsız vücut kütlesiyle kuvvetli pozitif ilişkili olan absolut anaerobik performans düzeyinin olgunlaşmayla birlikte anlamlı ölçüde arttığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.01). Gerek vücut ağırlığı gerekse yağsız vücut kütlesinden arındırılmış relatif anaerobik performans değerlerinin de ilerleyen olgunluk evreleri ile birlikte anlamlı ölçüde artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Sporcu grubuna ilişkin absolut ve relatif anaerobik performans değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu ve faklılığın ilerleyen olgunluk evreleriyle birlikte bir miktar belirginleştiği gözlenmiştir. Ancak, tüm değişkenler için olgunluk etkisi (Tanner evreleri) ile antrenman etkisi (sporcu-kontrol grubu) arasındaki etkileşim anlamsızdır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, vücut ağırlığı ve yağsız vücut kütlesinden bağımsız olarak olgunlaşmayla birlikte anaerobik performanstaki artışın sürmesi, gelişimle birlikte iskelet kasındaki olası fonksiyonel ve metabolik değişimlerin de bu artışta etken olabileceğine işaret etmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• olgunluk,anaerobik performans,antrenman

Kaynakça

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