CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND EVENT DIFFERENCES IN ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES

Öz

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in young competitive male and female athletes engaged in different events of Track and Field, and to compare them in relation to chronological age for each gender group. Fifty-six 12-to14-year-old girls and sixty-three 11-to16-year-old boys totally 119 athletes were participated in this study. Two event-specific-groups and three chronological-age-groups were constructed for each gender. Event-specific groups were composed of Group 1 (middle-long distance runners) and Group 2 (sprinters, throwers, jumpers). Age groups were consisted of 12, 13 and 14 years old girls, and 11-12, 13-14 and 15-16 years old boys. Body mass and stature were measured. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was assessed with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x3) was used for statistical analysis. Both absolute and relative anaerobic performance and fatigue index values for each gender were significantly higher in the Group 2 than in the Group 1 (p<0.05). Absolute anaerobic power and capacity values of male athletes significantly increased with age (p<0.01), but when there were normalised with body mass or fat free mass, relative values did not significantly change with age (p>0.05). However, the effects of age on absolute and relative values of anaerobic performance were not significant in female athletes (p>0.05). In conclusion, the level of anaerobic performance was altered depending on event specialization in young Track and Field athletes. This difference may demonstrate the effect of training specificity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• track and field,anaerobic performance,event specialization,age

GENÇ ATLETLERDE ANAEROBİK PERFORMANS DÜZEYİNİN FARKLI YAŞ VE BRANŞ GRUPLARINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Atletizmin farklı branşlarında müsabık genç erkek ve kız sporcularda anaerobik performans düzeyinin farklı branş ve kronolojik yaş gruplarına bağlı olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya, kronolojik yaşları 12-14 yıl arasında değişen 56 kız ve 11-16 yıl arasında değişen 63 erkek, toplam 119 atlet katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, kız ve erkekler ayrı olmak üzere, Atletizm’de ilgilendikleri branşlara göre iki farklı branş grubuna ve ayrıca üç farklı kronolojik yaş grubuna ayrılmışlardır. Branş gruplarında, Grup-1 orta-uzun mesafe koşucularını (n=32 erkek atlet; n=28 kız atlet), Grup-2 ise sprint, atma ve atlama branşlarını kapsamaktadır (n=31 erkek atlet; n=28 kız atlet). Yaş grupları ise, kızlarda 12, 13 ve 14 yaş, erkeklerde ise 11-12, 13-14 ve 15-16 yaş olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleriyle birlikte, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağsız vücut kütlesi uygun eşitlikler yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Anaerobik performans Wingate Anaerobik Testi ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde İki Yönlü Varyans Analizi (2x3) kullanılmıştır. Sprint, atma ve atlama branşlarında müsabık atletlerden oluşan Grup-2’nin gerek absolut gerekse relatif anaerobik performans düzeyi ve yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin orta-uzun mesafe koşuculardan oluşan Grup-1’den önemli derecede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Erkek atletlerde absolut anaerobik güç ve kapasite değerlerinin yaşın ilerlemesiyle birlikte anlamlı ölçüde arttığı (p<0.01), ancak vücut ağırlığı ve yağsız vücut kütlesine oranlanmış relatif anaerobik performans değerlerinin yaşla birlikte önemli ölçüde değişmediği (p>0.05) belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kız atletlerde, yaşın absolut ve relatif anaerobik performans düzeyine etkisi anlamsızdır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, genç Atletizm sporcularında anaerobik performans düzeyinin ilgilenilen branşa özgü olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bunun bir ölçüde yapılan antrenman türü ve müsabakaya bağlı bir değişkenlik olabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• atletizm,anaerobik performans,branşlaşma,yaş

Kaynakça

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