FARKLI YÜKSEKLİKLERDE YAŞAYAN GENÇ BİATLON SPORCULARININ 2000M’ DE MAKSİMAL AEROBİK EGZERSİZE AKUT TEPKİLERİNİN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 69 - 77, 20.10.2017

Ozan Sever Fatih Kıyıcı Gökhan Atasever

Öz

Çalışmada farklı rakımlarda yaşayan Biatlon sporcularının 2000m’de yapılan maksimal aerobik teste verdikleri akut tepki analiz edilmiştir. Biatlon milli takımlarına adaylık sürecinde testleri yapılan kız ve erkeklerden oluşan toplam 67 sporcu (Ort. yaş = 14,69 ± 1,22, ort. VKI = 19,60 ± 2,29) çalışmanın örneklemini temsil etmektedir. Sporcuların 32’si fizyolojik olarak yüksekliğin adaptasyon yarattığı kabul edilen 1500m seviyesi üzerinde, 35’i ise 1500m altında yaşamaktadır. Sporcuların aerobik güçleri shuttle-run ile tespit edilmiştir. Test esnasında kalp atım sayıları sürekli takip edilmiştir. 1500m üzerinde yaşayan sporcular, 1500m altında yaşayan sporcuları göre shuttle-run testinde daha yüksek VO2maks ve toplam lap sayısı skoru ortaya koymuşlardır. Fakat bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Yaşanılan rakım - VO2maks – toplam lap sayısı ilişkisi ise pozitif yönlü orta düzeydedir(r=0,363; r=0,355). Rakım yükseldikçe dayanıklılık skoru artmaktadır. Testin her seviyesi tek tek incelendiğinde, artan seviye ve hızda gruplar arası kalp atım sayısı ortalamalarında fark olmamasına rağmen düşük rakımda yaşayanların koşuyu daha erken bırakma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. Ortaya koyulan bulgular benzer seviyede ve antrenman düzeyindeki biatloncuların 2000m dayanıklılık koşusuna verdikleri yanıtın yaşadıkları rakımdan etkilendiği göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan biatlon sporcularında yükseklik adaptasyonunun, müsabaka ve milli takım seçmeleri gibi önemli mücadelelerde sonucu etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yüksek irtifa, biatlon, aerobik güç, oksijen tüketimi, dayanıklılık

ANALYSIS OF ACUTE RESPONSES OF YOUNG BIATHLON ATHLETES LIVING AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES TO MAXIMAL AEROBIC EXERCISE AT 2000M

Öz

In the study, the acute response of the 2000m maximal aerobic test on the biathletes living at different altitudes was analyzed. A total of 67 athletes (Mean age = 14,69 ± 1,22, Mean BMI = 19.60 ± 2.29) consisting of boys and girls represent the sample of the study who were tested during the qualification process of Turkey national team. The athletes divided into two groups. Thirty-two of the athletes living above the altitude of 1500m (considered as the altitude where physiological adaptation occurs) coded as the high-altitude group, and thirty-five living below 1500m coded as the low altitude group. A shuttle-run test was applied to measure the aerobic power of the athletes. During the test, the heart rates were monitored continuously. The athletes living above 1500m showed higher VO2max and total lap score in the shuttle-run test compared to the athletes living below 1500m. But this difference was found to be statistically insignificant. The Living altitude - VO2max - Total Laps variables had positive moderate correlation each other (r = 0,363, r = 0,355). As the altitude increases, the endurance score increases. When each stage of the shuttle-run test examined, it was seen that those who live at low altitudes tend to give up the shuttle-run test earlier, although there was no difference in the mean heart rates between groups. Findings showed that the physiological response of the biathletes who had similar training history was influenced by the altitude they live on. In this respect, altitude adaptation in biathletes is thought to affect the score in competitions and national team selections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

high altitude, biathlon, aerobic power, oxygen consumption, endurance

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