Effects of Turmeric on Health

Öz

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between consumption of turmeric and its components with diseases, its effect on microbiota and potential side effects.
Method: Original research or reviews written in Turkish or English using appropriate keywords were searched, examined and presented.
Results: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an herb widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine due to its medicinal effects from past to present. The health effects of turmeric are due to an orange-yellow, lipophilic polyphenol called "curcumin", which is usually derived from the plant's rhizomes. In recent years, curcumin has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. Thanks to these effects, it plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer, neurological, autoimmune diseases and diabetes. It has been reported that curcumin consumption alters the microbiota and may be beneficial in preventing dysbiosis. In addition, curcumin also has potential on pneumonia deaths, lung fibrosis, NF-KB, HMGB1 and IL-6-induced inflammatory responses due to infection and internal injuries in the vascular wall caused by high ACE2 expression in the endothelium of blood vessels, which is also causes COVID-19 disease. Turmeric stored in appropriate conditions is “generally recognized as safe” food category. However, it has been stated that some drug groups interact with curcumin and cause side effects. The bioavailability of orally consumed curcumin is low. In order to increase it, curcumin analogs are synthesized in the food and pharmaceutical industry and it is aimed to increase the biological activity of curcumin and its physiological effects on the body. These analogues include various formulations containing nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and phospholipid complexes.
Conclusion: Turmeric and its active substance curcumin have been associated with several diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turmeric
• curcumin
• cancer
• COVID-19
• depression
• microbiota

Zerdeçalın Sağlığa Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, zerdeçal ve bileşenlerinin tüketiminin hastalıklar ile ilişkisi, mikrobiyotaya etkisi ve potansiyel yan etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Uygun anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak Türkçe veya İngilizce dillerinde yazılmış orijinal araştırma veya derleme yayınlar taranmış ve incelenerek başlıklar halinde sunulmuştur.
Bulgular: Zerdeçal (Curcuma longa) geçmişten günümüze tıbbi etkileri sebebiyle Ayurveda ve Çin tıbbında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir bitkidir. Zerdeçalın sağlık üzerindeki etkileri, genellikle bitkinin rizomlarından elde edilen "kurkumin" adı verilen turuncu-sarı renkli, lipofilik bir polifenol sayesindedir. Son yıllarda, kurkuminin antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar, antikanser, antihipertansif ve antidiyabetik etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu etkileri sayesinde kanser, nörolojik, otoimmun hastalıklar ve diyabet başta olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kurkumin tüketiminin mikrobiyotada değişiklikler yarattığı ve disbiyozisin önlenmesinde faydalı olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak kurkumin, COVID-19’da da etkili olan kan damarlarının endotelindeki yüksek ACE2 ekspresyonunun sebep olduğu damar vasküler duvarında enfeksiyona ve iç yaralanmalara bağlı pnömonili ölümler, akciğer fibrozisi, NF-KB, HMGB1 ve IL-6 kaynaklı inflamatuvar yanıtlar üzerine de potansiyel etkili bileşenlerden biridir. Uygun koşullarda saklanan zerdeçal, “genel olarak güvenilir” gıda kategorisinde kabul edilmektedir. Ancak bazı ilaç gruplarının kurkuminin işlevini indüklediği ve yan etkilere sebep olduğu da belirtilmiştir. Ağız yoluyla tüketilen kurkuminin biyoyararlanımı düşüktür. Artırmak amacıyla gıda ve ilaç sanayinde kurkumin analogları sentezlenmekte ve kurkuminin biyolojik aktivitesinin ve vücut üzerindeki fizyolojik etkilerinin arttırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu analoglar arasında nanopartiküller, lipozomlar, miseller ve fosfolipid kompleksleri içeren çeşitli formülasyonlar bulunmaktadır. Sonuç: Zerdeçal ve etken maddesi kurkumin birçok hastalık ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zerdeçal
• kurkumin
• kanser
• COVID-19
• depresyon
• mikrobiyota

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