NEIGHBORHOOD IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS: NEIGHBORHOOD CONCEPT IN VILLAGES, CITIES AND TOWNS, METROPOLITAN CITIES
Abstract
In this study, we will try to explain the current concept of neighborhood in Turkey on the basis of its structure, development, rural and urban characteristics, and their different aspects. First of all, the expressions rural area and urban area will be discussed, what the concept of neighborhood means in rural areas, the existence of neighborhoods established in urban areas and the meaning and reasons of the concept of rural neighborhood in metropolitan cities will be investigated and compared. The explanations to be made in the study will be based on literature and legal texts. Neighborhood types in rural and urban areas will be compared, their problems will be listed and suggestions will be tried to be made.
There are three types of neighborhood applications in Turkey. Neighborhoods within some villages in rural areas, neighborhoods established by municipalities in cities and towns, called rural neighborhoods in metropolitan cities, settlements with a rural character that were formerly village or town municipalities and have been converted into neighborhoods. In this study, an attempt is made to explain the three different neighborhood types mentioned.
In Turkey, when calculating the rural population of the country, TÜİK takes villages, towns and sub-village settlements (such as oba, kom, hamlet, divan) as basis on the scale of settlements. Sometimes population size is also used as a measure. For example, in Turkey, the Village Law bases its urban criterion on a population of over 20 thousand. However, population size alone is not always sufficient to measure urban and rural character.
The DEGURBA (degree of urbanization) statistical system, which has been implemented in the European Union since 2022, has started to be implemented in Turkey. Taking into account the population size and distinct socio-economic function of each 1 km2 area of the geography on the basis of villages and neighbourhoods, these 1 km2 plates are coded as dense urban area, medium dense urban area and rural area. Since this new rural-urban area classification is made at the village and neighborhood level, it allows the administrative status of that settlement to be determined more effectively.
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Kaynakça
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