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Örgütsel Utanç: Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 117 - 128, 31.12.2025
https://izlik.org/JA53MT75YC

Öz

Utanç; çalışanın performansını, örgüte olan bağlılığını hatta saldırgan davranışlara neden olabildiği için örgüt içi huzuru doğrudan etkileyebilecek sonuçlar ortaya çıkarma potansiyeline sahip bir duygudur. Bu nedenle örgütlerde utancın nasıl oluştuğu, oluşan utancın hangi şartlar altında hangi sonuçlara neden olacağı gibi örgütlerin utancı işlevsel bir şekilde yönetebilmelerine olanak sağlayan konuların ele alınması önemlidir. Bu çalışma örgütsel davranış literatüründe nispeten yeni bir kavram olan örgütsel utanç hakkında kavramsal bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, psikoloji ve örgütsel davranış literatürlerinde konu hakkında ortaya konmuş ampirik çalışmalar ve kuramsal kaynakların incelendiği bir literatür taramasına dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda öz bilinç duygularından biri olan utancın psikoloji literatüründe ele alınışı, örgütsel davranış literatürüne entegrasyonu, örgütsel utancın tanımı, oluşumu ve sonuçları hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, konu hakkında gerçekleştirilen ampirik ve kuramsal çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda konuyu kavramsal bir çerçeveye oturtma çabası değerli bulunmuş, utançla benzer bir duygu olan suçluluk arasındaki ayrımın vurgulanmasının ve utancın kültürler arası farklar göz önünde bulundurularak ele alınmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, E. (2001). Shame management through reintegration. Cambridge University Press.
  • Akutsu, S., Krishnan, R., & Lee, J. (2022). The Cultural Variance Model of Organizational Shame and its Implications on Health and Well‐Being 1. Japanese Psychological Research, 64(2), 244-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12417
  • Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., & Latham, G. P. (2017). A dynamic model of the longitudinal relationship between job satisfaction and supervisor‐rated job performance. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12091
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14(1), 20-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/258189
  • Atak, H. (2011). Kimlik gelişimi ve kimlik biçimlenmesi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 163-213.
  • Baldwin, M. W., & Baccus, J. R. (2004). Maintaining a focus on the social goals underlying self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 139-144.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57-89.
  • Bohns, V. K., & Flynn, F. J. (2013). Guilt by design: Structuring organizations to elicit guilt as an affective reaction to failure. Organization Science, 24(4), 1157-1173. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0787
  • Bonner, J. M., Greenbaum, R. L., & Quade, M. J. (2017). Employee unethical behavior to shame as an indicator of self-image threat and exemplification as a form of self-image protection: The exacerbating role of supervisor bottom-line mentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(8), 1203. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000222
  • Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge university press.
  • Braithwaite, J., & Braithwaite, V. (2001). Shame, shame management and regulation. Shame management through reintegration, 3-69.
  • Brown, S. P., Westbrook, R. A., & Challagalla, G. (2005). Good cope, bad cope: adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies following a critical negative work event. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 792. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.792
  • Bryson, A., Forth, J., & Stokes, L. (2017). Does employees’ subjective well-being affect workplace performance?. Human relations, 70(8), 1017-1037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717693073
  • Chao, Y. H., Cheng, Y. Y., & Chiou, W. B. (2011). The psychological consequence of experiencing shame: Self-sufficiency and mood-repair. Motivation and Emotion, 35(2), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9208-y
  • Chekroun, P., & Nugier, A. (2011). “I'm ashamed because of you, so please, don't do that!”: Reactions to deviance as a protection against a threat to social image. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(4), 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.809
  • Chi, S. C. S., Friedman, R. A., & Lo, H. H. (2015). Vicarious shame and psychological distancing following organizational misbehavior. Motivation and Emotion, 39(5), 795-812.
  • Combs, D. J., Campbell, G., Jackson, M., & Smith, R. H. (2010). Exploring the consequences of humiliating a moral transgressor. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973531003738379
  • Daniels, M. A. (2015). Shame as an alternate mechanism for the abusive supervision-performance relation and the role of power distance values. Bowling Green State University.
  • Daniels, M. A., & Robinson, S. L. (2019). The shame of it all: A review of shame in organizational life. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2448-2473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318817604
  • De Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2010). Restore and protect motivations following shame. Cognition and Emotion, 24(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802584466
  • De Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2011). A functionalist account of shame-induced behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 939-946. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.516909
  • Duff, A. J. (2017). Compromising innovative behaviour with work shame. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 8(4), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089289
  • Dutton, J. E., Roberts, L. M., & Bednar, J. (2010). Pathways for positive identity construction at work: Four types of positive identity and the building of social resources. Academy of Management Review, 35(2), 265-293. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463334
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Schultz, M. (2014). Gossip and ostracism promote cooperation in groups. Psychological Science, 25(3), 656-664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510184
  • Fernández, S., Saguy, T., & Halperin, E. (2015). The paradox of humiliation: The acceptance of an unjust devaluation of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(7), 976-988. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215586195
  • Flynn, F. J. (2003). How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 539-553. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040648
  • Gausel, N., Leach, C. W., Vignoles, V. L., & Brown, R. (2012). Defend or repair? Explaining responses to in-group moral failure by disentangling feelings of shame, rejection, and inferiority. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 941-960. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027233
  • Gausel, N., Vignoles, V. L., & Leach, C. W. (2016). Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 40(1), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9513-y
  • Gilbert, P. (1997). The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70(2), 113-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01893.x
  • Gilbert, P. (2003). Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame and guilt. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 70(4), 1205-1230. https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2003.0013
  • Gilbert, P., & Andrews, B. (Eds.). (1998). Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes (p. 110). New York: GP Putnam.
  • Grant, A. M., & Mayer, D. M. (2009). Good soldiers and good actors: prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 900-912. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013770
  • Hanisch, K. A., Hulin, C. L., & Roznowski, M. (1998). The importance of individuals' repertoires of behaviors: The scientific appropriateness of studying multiple behaviors and general attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 19(5), 463-480.
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199809)19:5<463::AID-JOB3899>3.0.CO;2-5
  • Keltner, D., & Harker, L. (1998). The forms and functions of the nonverbal signal of shame. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (Eds.), Shame: Interpersonal Behavior, Psychopathology, and Culture (pp. 78–98). Oxford University Press.
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Organizational Shame: A Literature Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 117 - 128, 31.12.2025
https://izlik.org/JA53MT75YC

Öz

Shame is an emotion that has the potential to produce outcomes that can directly affect internal organizational harmony, as it can impact employee performance, commitment to the organization, and even lead to aggressive behavior. Therefore, it is important to address issues that enable organizations to manage shame functionally, such as how shame arises within organizations and under what conditions it leads to certain outcomes. This study aims to provide a conceptual framework on organizational shame, a relatively new concept in organizational behavior literature. The research is based on a literature review that examines empirical studies and theoretical sources on the subject in psychology and organizational behavior literature. In this context, information is provided on how shame, one of the Self-conscious emotions, is addressed in the psychology literature, its integration into the organizational behavior literature, the definition, formation, and consequences of organizational shame, and empirical and theoretical studies conducted on the subject are evaluated. The review concluded that efforts to conceptualize the topic were valuable, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing shame from guilt, a similar emotion, and considering shame in light of cross-cultural differences.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, E. (2001). Shame management through reintegration. Cambridge University Press.
  • Akutsu, S., Krishnan, R., & Lee, J. (2022). The Cultural Variance Model of Organizational Shame and its Implications on Health and Well‐Being 1. Japanese Psychological Research, 64(2), 244-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12417
  • Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., & Latham, G. P. (2017). A dynamic model of the longitudinal relationship between job satisfaction and supervisor‐rated job performance. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12091
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14(1), 20-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/258189
  • Atak, H. (2011). Kimlik gelişimi ve kimlik biçimlenmesi: Kuramsal bir değerlendirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 163-213.
  • Baldwin, M. W., & Baccus, J. R. (2004). Maintaining a focus on the social goals underlying self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 139-144.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57-89.
  • Bohns, V. K., & Flynn, F. J. (2013). Guilt by design: Structuring organizations to elicit guilt as an affective reaction to failure. Organization Science, 24(4), 1157-1173. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0787
  • Bonner, J. M., Greenbaum, R. L., & Quade, M. J. (2017). Employee unethical behavior to shame as an indicator of self-image threat and exemplification as a form of self-image protection: The exacerbating role of supervisor bottom-line mentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(8), 1203. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000222
  • Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge university press.
  • Braithwaite, J., & Braithwaite, V. (2001). Shame, shame management and regulation. Shame management through reintegration, 3-69.
  • Brown, S. P., Westbrook, R. A., & Challagalla, G. (2005). Good cope, bad cope: adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies following a critical negative work event. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 792. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.792
  • Bryson, A., Forth, J., & Stokes, L. (2017). Does employees’ subjective well-being affect workplace performance?. Human relations, 70(8), 1017-1037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717693073
  • Chao, Y. H., Cheng, Y. Y., & Chiou, W. B. (2011). The psychological consequence of experiencing shame: Self-sufficiency and mood-repair. Motivation and Emotion, 35(2), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9208-y
  • Chekroun, P., & Nugier, A. (2011). “I'm ashamed because of you, so please, don't do that!”: Reactions to deviance as a protection against a threat to social image. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(4), 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.809
  • Chi, S. C. S., Friedman, R. A., & Lo, H. H. (2015). Vicarious shame and psychological distancing following organizational misbehavior. Motivation and Emotion, 39(5), 795-812.
  • Combs, D. J., Campbell, G., Jackson, M., & Smith, R. H. (2010). Exploring the consequences of humiliating a moral transgressor. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973531003738379
  • Daniels, M. A. (2015). Shame as an alternate mechanism for the abusive supervision-performance relation and the role of power distance values. Bowling Green State University.
  • Daniels, M. A., & Robinson, S. L. (2019). The shame of it all: A review of shame in organizational life. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2448-2473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318817604
  • De Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2010). Restore and protect motivations following shame. Cognition and Emotion, 24(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802584466
  • De Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2011). A functionalist account of shame-induced behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 939-946. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.516909
  • Duff, A. J. (2017). Compromising innovative behaviour with work shame. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 8(4), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089289
  • Dutton, J. E., Roberts, L. M., & Bednar, J. (2010). Pathways for positive identity construction at work: Four types of positive identity and the building of social resources. Academy of Management Review, 35(2), 265-293. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463334
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Schultz, M. (2014). Gossip and ostracism promote cooperation in groups. Psychological Science, 25(3), 656-664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510184
  • Fernández, S., Saguy, T., & Halperin, E. (2015). The paradox of humiliation: The acceptance of an unjust devaluation of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(7), 976-988. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215586195
  • Flynn, F. J. (2003). How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 539-553. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040648
  • Gausel, N., Leach, C. W., Vignoles, V. L., & Brown, R. (2012). Defend or repair? Explaining responses to in-group moral failure by disentangling feelings of shame, rejection, and inferiority. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 941-960. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027233
  • Gausel, N., Vignoles, V. L., & Leach, C. W. (2016). Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 40(1), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9513-y
  • Gilbert, P. (1997). The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70(2), 113-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01893.x
  • Gilbert, P. (2003). Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame and guilt. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 70(4), 1205-1230. https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2003.0013
  • Gilbert, P., & Andrews, B. (Eds.). (1998). Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes (p. 110). New York: GP Putnam.
  • Grant, A. M., & Mayer, D. M. (2009). Good soldiers and good actors: prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 900-912. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013770
  • Hanisch, K. A., Hulin, C. L., & Roznowski, M. (1998). The importance of individuals' repertoires of behaviors: The scientific appropriateness of studying multiple behaviors and general attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 19(5), 463-480.
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199809)19:5<463::AID-JOB3899>3.0.CO;2-5
  • Keltner, D., & Harker, L. (1998). The forms and functions of the nonverbal signal of shame. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (Eds.), Shame: Interpersonal Behavior, Psychopathology, and Culture (pp. 78–98). Oxford University Press.
  • Kitayama, S., Park, J., Boylan, J. M., Miyamoto, Y., Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., ... & Ryff, C. D. (2015). Expression of anger and ill health in two cultures: An examination of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Psychological Science, 26(2), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614561268
  • Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: a historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254
  • Leach, C. W., & Cidam, A. (2015). When is shame linked to constructive approach orientation? A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 983-1002. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000037
  • Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of self and identity. Guilford Press.
  • Lewicki, R. J., & Brinsfield, C. (2017). Trust repair. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 287-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113147
  • Lewis, M. (2007). Self-conscious emotional development. The Self-conscious Emotions: Theory and Research, 134-149.
  • Lewis, M. 1992. Shame: The exposed self. New York: Free Press.
  • Lickel, B., Kushlev, K., Savalei, V., Matta, S., & Schmader, T. (2014). Shame and the motivation to change the self. Emotion, 14(6), 1049-1061. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038235
  • Lickel, B., Schmader, T., Curtis, M., Scarnier, M., & Ames, D. R. (2005). Vicarious shame and guilt. Group processes & intergroup relations, 8(2), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430205051064
  • London, M. (2003). Job feedback: Giving, seeking, and using feedback for performance improvement. Psychology Press.
  • Maitlis, S., & Ozcelik, H. (2004). Toxic decision processes: A study of emotion and organizational decision making. Organization Science, 15(4), 375-393. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0070
  • Miller, R. S., & Tangney, J. P. (1994). Differentiating embarrassment and shame. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13(3), 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1994.13.3.273
  • Murphy, K., & Harris, N. (2007). Shaming, shame and recidivism: A test of reintegrative shaming theory in the white-collar crime context. The British Journal of Criminology, 47(6), 900-917. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azm037
  • Newman, K. S. (1988). Falling from grace: The experience of downward mobility in the American middle class. Free Press.
  • Oyserman, D. & Elmore, K. & Smith, G. (2012) Self, self-concept, andidentity. J. Tangney and M. Leary (Eds). The Handbook of Self and Identity, 2ndEdition, pp 69-104, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Paternoster, R., & Simpson, S. (1996). Sanction threats and appeals to morality: Testing a rational choice model of corporate crime. Law & Society Review, 30(3), 549-583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3054128
  • Piff, P. K., Martinez, A. G., & Keltner, D. (2012). Me against we: In-group transgression, collective shame, and in-group-directed hostility. Cognition & Emotion, 26(4), 634-649. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.595394
  • Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Fischer, A. H., Manstead, A. S., & Zaalberg, R. (2008). Attack, disapproval, or withdrawal? The role of honour in anger and shame responses to being insulted. Cognition and Emotion, 22(8), 1471-1498. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701822272
  • Rosse, J. G., & Hulin, C. L. (1985). Adaptation to work: An analysis of employee health, withdrawal, and change. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36(3), 324-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90003-2
  • Salamon, S. D., & Deutsch, Y. (2006). OCB as a handicap: An evolutionary psychological perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(2), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.348
  • Scheff, T. J. (1987). The shame-rage spiral: A case study of an interminable quarrel.
  • Scheff, T. J. (2000). Shame and the social bond: A sociological theory. Sociological Theory, 18(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00089
  • Sherman, D. K., & Kim, H. S. (2005). Is there an" I" in" team"? The role of the self in group-serving judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.108
  • Stets, J. E., & Carter, M. J. (2011). The moral self: Applying identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(2), 192-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272511407621
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Political psychology (pp. 276-293). Psychology Press.
  • Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., Hill-Barlow, D., Marschall, D. E., & Gramzow, R. (1996). Relation of shame and guilt to constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 797-809. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797
  • Tian, X., & Guo, Y. (2023). The effect of deviant workplace behavior on job performance: The mediating role of organizational shame and moderating role of perceived organizational support. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 561. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070561
  • Tracy, J. L., Robins, R. W., & Tangney, J. P. (2007). Self-conscious emotions. Theory and research, The Guilford Press.
  • Verbeke, W., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2002). A situational analysis on how salespeople experience and cope with shame and embarrassment. Psychology & Marketing, 19(9), 713-741. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10032
  • Walker, J., & Knauer, V. (2011). Humiliation, self-esteem and violence. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22(5), 724-741. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2011.617542
  • Wallbott, H. G., & Scherer, K. R. (1995). Cultural determinants in experiencing shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
  • Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 748-762. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.748
  • Wong, Y., & Tsai, J. (2007). Cultural models of shame and guilt. In J. L. Tracy, R. W. Robins, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 209–223). The Guilford Press.
  • Xing, L., Sun, J. M., & Jepsen, D. (2021). Feeling shame in the workplace: Examining negative feedback as an antecedent and performance and well‐being as consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(9), 1244-1260. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2553
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Tuğrul Yılmazer 0000-0002-3922-1965

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
IZ https://izlik.org/JA53MT75YC
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmazer, T. (2025). Örgütsel Utanç: Literatür İncelemesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, 4(2), 117-128. https://izlik.org/JA53MT75YC