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KRALİÇE ARI SENDROMU BAĞLAMINDA KADINLARIN KARİYER YOLUNDA ERİLLEŞME SORUNUNUN TEORİK İNCELEMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 25, 01.12.2022

Öz

Tarihsel süreç boyunca hemen hemen tüm toplumlarda kadınların erkeklere kıyasla ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal katılım açısından aynı haklara ve fırsatlara sahip olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu eşitsizliklerin nedenlerine baktığımızda ise, en önemlilerinden biri toplumdaki kadın ve erkeğin rolü ile ilgili tutumlar ve kalıp yargılardır. Kadının çalışma yaşamına katılmasıyla beraber yaşanan bu eşitsizlikler daha çok gün yüzüne çıkmış ve kadınların kariyerinde karşılaştıkları kariyer engellerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Erkek egemen iş ortamlarında yani üst düzey pozisyonların çoğunluğunun erkeklerden oluştuğu çalışma yaşamında bulunan kadınlar, zorlu süreçler sonrası erkeklerin gölgesinden çıkmayı başararak üst yönetim pozisyonlarına çıkma fırsatı yakalamaya başladılar. Belirli uğraşlar ve zorlu şartlar sonucu kadınların elde ettikleri konumlarını korumak için çeşitli davranışlar sergiledikleri ve geliştirdikleri görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, kıdemli pozisyonlarda çalışan kadınların, kadın astlarından uzak durma, onları desteklememe ve onlara eleştirel yaklaşması olarak bilinen Kraliçe Arı sendromunun teorik olarak incelenmesi ve olgunun altında yatan sosyo-psikolojik sebepleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca saha çalışmaları taranarak Kraliçe Arı davranışının tepki boyutlarının ortaya koyulması ve özellikle Kraliçe Arı davranışının bir göstergesi olan eril benlik sunumu (erilleşme) sorununun teorik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Kraliçe Arı sendromu sosyal kimlik tehdidine bir yanıt olarak ele alınmış olup kadınların, kadınlar önünde en büyük engel olduğu şeklinde olumsuz klişe düşünceye farklı bakış açıları sunarak kadınların yaşamış olduğu cinsiyet ayrımcılığının bir sonucu olduğu fikri öne çıkarılmıştır. Özellikle erkek egemen örgütlerde cinsiyet/sosyal kimliklerinin tehdit edildiği ortamlarda çalışan kadınlar, kendi gruplarından uzaklaşarak eril özellikler göstermeye başladıkları görülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile Kraliçe Arı sendromunun temel kaynaklarına ve çıktılarına odaklanarak literatürde pek incelenmemiş olan erkeksi benlik sunumuna dikkat çekilmesi çalışmanın özgün yönünü oluşturmaktadır.

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  • skdTürkiye. (2020). Dünya çapında kadın istatistikleri. http://www.skdturkiye.org/esit-adimlar/guncel/dunya-capinda-kadin-istatistikleri.
  • Spears, R., Doosje, B. & Ellemers, N. (1997). Self-stereotyping in the face of threats to group status and distinctiveness: The role of group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 538-553.
  • Staines, G., Tavris, C. & Jayaratne, T. E. (1974). The Queen Bee syndrome. Psychology Today, 7(8), 55-60.
  • Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J. & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and identity threat. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 379-440.
  • Stroebe, K., Ellemers, N., Barreto, M. & Mummendey, A. I. (2009). For better or for worse: The congruence of personal and group outcomes on targets’ responses to discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 576-591.
  • Sutton, R. M., Elder, T. J. & Douglas, K. M. (2006). Reactions to internal and external criticism of outgroups: Social convention in the intergroup sensitivity effect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 563-575.
  • Şahin, O., Van der Toorn, J., Jansen, W. J., Boezeman, E. J. & Ellemers, N. (2019). Looking beyond our similarities: How perceived (in)visible dissimilarity relates to feelings of inclusion at work. M. K. Ryan, C. T. Begeny, R. Bongiorno, T. Kirby & T. Morgenroth (Eds.), In Understanding barriers to workplace equality: A focus on the target’s perspective (s. 102-114). Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Ed.s), In Psychology of intergroup relation (s. 7-24). Chicago: Hall Publishers.
  • Tanenbaum, L. (2002). Catfight: Women and competition. NY: Seven Stories Press.
  • Tropp, L. R. & Wright, S. C. (2001). Ingroup identification as the inclusion of ingroup in the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 585-600.
  • TÜİK. (2022). İstatistiklerle Kadın. (2021). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2021-45635#:~:text=Y%C3%B6netici%20pozisyonundaki%20kad%C4%B1n%20oran%C4%B1%20 %19y%C 4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20%19%2C3%20oldu.
  • Van Laar, C., Derks, B., Ellemers, N. & Bleeker, D. (2010). Valuing social identity: Consequences for motivation and performance in low-status groups. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 602-617.
  • Van Laar, C., Bleeker, D., Ellemers, N. & Meijer, E. (2014). Ingroup and outgroup support for upward mobility: Divergent responses to ingroup identification in low status groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 563-577.
  • Van Laar, C., Meeussen, L., Veldman, J., Van Grootel, S., Sterk, N. & Jacobs, C. (2019). Coping with stigma in the workplace: Understanding the role of threat regulation, supportive factors, and potantial hidden cost. M. K. Ryan, C. T. Begeny, R. Bongiorno, T. Kirby & T. Morgenroth (Eds.), In Understanding barriers to workplace equality: A focus on the target’s perspective (s. 40-54). Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA.
  • Van Veelen, R.V. (2019). Double Trouble: How being outnumbered and negatively stereotyped threatens career outcomes of women in STEM. M.K. Ryan, C.T. Begeny, R. Bongiorno, T. Kirby & T. Morgenroth (Eds.), In Understanding barriers to workplace equality: A focus on the target’s perspective (s. 166-179). Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA.
  • Van Veelen, R. V., Veldman, J., Laar, C. V. & Derks, B. (2020). Distancing from a stigmatized social identity: State of the art and future research agenda on self-group distancing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(6), 1089-1107.
  • Veldman, J., Meeussen, L., Van Laar, C. & Lo Bleu, S. (2020). Daily coping with social identity threat in outgroup-dominated contexts: Self-group distancing among female soldiers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(1), 119-130.
  • Webber, G. R. & Giuffre, P. (2019). Women’s relationships with women at work: Barriers to solidarity. Sociology Compass, 13(6), 1-13.
  • Williams, J. C. (2014). Hacking tech’s diversity problem. Harvard Business Review, 92, 94–100.
  • Williams, J. C. & Dempsey, R. (2018). What works for women at work: Four patterns working women need to know. NY: NYU Press.
  • Williams, J.C., Berdahl, J.L. & Vandello, J.A. (2016). Beyond work-life “integration”. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 515-539.
  • Wright, S. C. (2001). Restricted intergroup boundaries: Tokenism, ambiguity, and the tolerance of injustice. J.T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), In The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (s. 223-254). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wright, S. C. & Taylor, D. M. (1998). Responding to tokenism: Individual action in the face of collective injustice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 647-667.
  • Ziegler, A. & Stoeger, H. (2008). Effects of role models from films on short-term ratings of intent, interest, and self-assessment of ability by high school youth: A study of gender-stereotyped academic subjects. Psychological Reports, 102(2), 509-531.
Toplam 140 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi, İşletme
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Muharrem Aksu Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5164-2458

Başak Şahin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2957-9581

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aksu, M., & Şahin, B. (2022). KRALİÇE ARI SENDROMU BAĞLAMINDA KADINLARIN KARİYER YOLUNDA ERİLLEŞME SORUNUNUN TEORİK İNCELEMESİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-25.