Effects Of Different Doses Of Juniperus Communis Lynn On Liver Antioxidant Enzymes In Rats

Öz

Objective: Oil of Juniperus Communis Lynn (JCL) which is extracted from JCL leaves is a natural product. It has been commonly used for treating hipercholesterolemia, diabetes as herbal treatment. As these diseases become more frequent and progress over aging the usage of JCL oil prolonges and the doses used increase. In the present study we investigated the effects of JCL oil on oxidative and antioxidative systems in liver tissue of hipercholesterolemic rats which were administered JCL oil to lower their cholesterol levels. Material-Method: Thirtyfive,adult,male Wistar albino rats were included and divided into 5 groups of 7. The control group (GI) was fed with normal pellet chow, the cholesterol (GII) group was fed with pellet chow containing 2% of cholesterol, the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups were fed with 50, 100, 200mg/kg JCL oil, respectively in addition to the 2% cholesterol-containing pellet chow. At the end of 30 days the experiment was ended and liver tissues were taken. Oxidative (MDA) product and antioxidative (KAT, SOD, GSH-Px) enzymes were detected. Results: MDA levels of the groups that were fed with cholesterol were significantly increased compared with control group (p<0.01). The dose of 200mg/kg JCL (GV) couldn't lower even increased the MDA levels compared to GII, CAT and SOD activities in GV were significantly decreased compared to GI (p<0.01). Discussion: JCL oil provides antioxidant effect with the dose 50mg/kg but this effect didn't prolong with higher doses in fact with the dose 200 mg/kg oxidative stres was increased. In conclusion we may mention that JCL oil may lead to different effects in a tissue-spesific and dose-dependent manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -

Farklı Dozlarda Ardıç Yağının Sıçan Karaciğerinde Antioksidan Enzimler Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Ardıç yağı, Juniperus Communis Lynn (JCL)'den elde edilen doğal bir üründür. Halk arasında hiperkolesterolemide lipid düşürücü olarak, diabet gibi hastalıklarda bitkisel tedavi alanında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu hastalıkların yaşlanma sürecinde sıklığının artışı ve sürecinin uzayışı aşikardır. Dolayısıyla ardıç yağı kullanımı ve dozu artmaktadır. Biz çalışmamızda kolesterol düşürücü amaçla 30 gün kullanılan ardıç yağının karaciğer oksidatif ve antioksidatif sistemine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç-Yöntem: 35 erişkin, erkek, Wistar albino sıçanlar, kontrol (GI), kolesterol (GII), 50 mg/kg JCL +kolesterol (GIII), 100 mg/kg JCL+kolesterol (GIV) ve 200 mg/kg JCL+kolesterol verilen grup (GIV) olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrılmıştır. Otuz günlük uygulama sonunda sıçanlar anestezi altında sakrifiye edildi ve karaciğer dokuları alınmıştır. Karaciğer dokusunda malondialdehid (MDA), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (KAT) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) düzeyleri saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Kolesterol alan tüm gruplarda MDA düzeyi anlamlı düzeyde yükselmiştir. JCL verilmesi özellikle 200 mg/kg ile MDA düzeyini düşürememiş hatta GII'ye göre dahi anlamlı düzeyde yükseltmiştir. SOD ve KAT aktiviteleri de 200mg/kg JCL yağı alan grupta anlamlı düzeyde azalmıştır (P< 0.01). Tartışma: JCL yağı karaciğer dokusunda 50 mg/kg doz ile antioksidan, 200 mg/kg doz ile oksidatif stresi arttırıcı özellik göstermektedir. Vücutta JCL kullanılan doza bağımlı olarak dokuya özgü farklı sonuçlar yaratabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juniperus Communis Lynn, antioksidan etki, karaciğer antioksidan enzimleri

Kaynakça

1. Innocenti M, Michelozzi M, Giaccherini C, Ieri F, Vincieri FF, Mulinacci N. Flavonoids and biflavonoids in Tuscan berries of Juniperus communis L. detection and quantitation by HPLC- DAD-ESI-MS. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007; 55 (16): 6596– 6602.
2. ESCOP. Juniperi fructus: Monographs on the Medici-nal Uses of Plant Drugs. Exeter, U.K.: European Scien-tific Cooperative on Phytotherapy 1997.
3. Petlevski R, Hadzija M, Slijepcevic M, Juretic D. Effect of ‘antidiabetis’ herbal preparation on serum glucose and fructosamine in NOD mice. J. Ethnopharm. 2001; 75: 181–185.
4. Sa´nchez de Medina, F, Ga´mez MJ, Jime´nez I, Jime´nez J, Osuna JI and Zarzuelo A. Hypoglycemic activity of juniper “berries”. Planta Med. 1994; 60: 197–200.
5. Ritch-Krc EM, Thomas S, Turner NJ, Towers GHN. Carriere herbal medicine: traditionally and contemporarily use. J. Ethnopharm. 1996; 52: 85–94.
6. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson J.D. Herbal Medicines. A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 1996.
7. Agrawal OP, Bharadwaj S, Mathur R. Antifertility effects of fruit of Juniperus communis. Planta Med. 1980; 98–101.
8. Gardner DR, Panter KE, James LF, Stegelmeier BL. Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on cattle. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1998, 40: 260–263.

9. Baytop T. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (Past and Present); Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 152–153, 1999.
10. Asımgil A. Şifalı Bitkiler. Timaş Yayınevi, 1997; 38–39.
11. Pappas SR. Institüt für Marktokologie. Nr. 22/183. Vagosca, Bosnia – Herzegovina 2003.
12. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson J.D. Herbal Medicines. A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 1996.
13. Butani L, Afshinnik A, Johnson J, et al. Amelioration of tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using juniper oil. Transplantation 2003; 76(2): 306-311.
14. Syrov VN, Abzalova MK, Khushbaktova ZA, antiatherosclerotic properties of terpenoid coumarins. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent Received 1984. and
15. Akdogan M, Koyu A, Ciris M, Yildiz K. Anti- hypercholesterolemic activity of Juniperus communis Lynn Oil in rats: A biochemical and histopathological Research 2012; 23 (3), 321-328. Biomedical
16. Burçak G, Andican G. Oksidatif DNA Hasarı ve yaşlanma. (Oxidative DNA damage and aging) Cerrahpaşa J Med 2004; 35: 159-169.
17. Smith C, Marks A, Lieberman M. Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry. A Clinical Approach. Second Edition. Section 4. Chapter 24. Oxygen Toxicity and Free Radical Injury. 439-457.
18. Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. 1984. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem. J., 219: 1–4.
19. Ho CT, Osawa T, Huang MT, Rosen, T. Food phytochemicals for cancer prevention II. ACS Symphosium. Series 547. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. 1994.
20. Burits M, Asres K, Bucar F. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Artemisia afra, Artemisia abyssinica and Juniperus procera. Phytother Res 2001; 15(2):103-8.
21. Afanasev IB, Dorozhko AL, Brodoski AV, et al. Chelating and free radical scavenging mechanisms of inhibitory action of rutin and quercetin in lipid peroxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38: 1763–1769.
22. Elmastas M, Gulcin I, Beydemir S, Kufreviogulu OI, et al. A Study on the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Fruit Extracts. Ana-lytical Letters 2006; 39: 47-65.
23. Kumar P, Chandra H, Singh A, Bhatt RP. Antioxidant and anticandidal activity of Juniperus communis L. International Journal of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation 2010; 1(1):10-16.
24. Miceli N, Trovato A, Dugo P, Cacciola F, Donato P, Marino A, Bellinghieri V, La Barbera TM, Güvenç A, Taviano MF. Comparative analysis of flavonoid profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the berries of Juniperus communis L. var. communis and Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. from Turkey, J Agric Food Chem. 2009; 57 (15): 6570 – 6577.
25. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folinphenol reagents. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193: 265-275.
26. Drapper HH, Hadley M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 1990; 186: 421–431.
27. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121–26.
28. Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967; 70: 158–69.
29. Woolliams JA, Wiener G, Anderson PH, McMurray CH. Variation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and in the concentration of copper in the blood various breed crosses of sheep. Res Vet Sci. 1983; 34: 69–77.
30. Balkana J, Doğru AS, Aykaç TG, Uysal M. The effect of a highcholesterol diet on lipids and oxidativestress in plasma, liver and aorta of rabbits and rats. Nutrition Research, 2004; 24 (3): 229– 234.
31. Mahfouz MM, Kummerow FA. Cholesterol-rich diets have different effects on lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxides, and antioxidant enzymes in rats and rabbits. J Nutr Biochem, 2000; 11: 293–302.
32. Emami SA, Javadi B, Hassanzadeh MK. Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Different Parts of Juniperus communis. subsp. hemisphaerica. and Juniperus oblonga. 2007; 45 (10): 769-776.
33. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Harper’in Biyokimyası. 24. Baskı. Bölüm 4, 61. Ünite, 799-807.