Futbolda Farklı Metotlarla Uygulanan Küçük Alan Oyunlarının Teknik Performansa, İç ve Dış Yüklere Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı; futbolda 4v4 küçük alan oyunlarının kombine, aralıklı ve devamlı metotlar ile uygulandığında iç ve dış yük yanıtlarıyla birlikte teknik performansı ne şekilde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmamıza, 14 futbolcu (yaş: 17,57±0,51; boy: 174,71±5,19 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 68,46 ±5,15 kg) katılmıştır. Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma seviye 1 testi ile maksimum kalp atım sayısına ulaşılmış ve gruplar oluşturulmuştur. Her oyuncunun bireyselleştirilmiş maksimal aerobik sürat (MAS) değerinin belirlenmesi için 30-15 aralıklı fitness testi yapılmıştır. Testlerin ardından 6 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 farklı küçük alan oyun metodu uygulanarak toplamda 18 antrenman gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her antrenmanda, sporcuların iç yük ve dış yük değerleri kaydedilmiştir. Teknik parametrelerin analizi için de antrenmanlar video kaydına alınıp, veriler not edilmiştir. Toplam kat edilen mesafe (TKEM), farklı hızlarda kat edilen mesafe (KEM) ve yavaşlama sayısı (YS) açısından metotlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ancak hızlanma sayısı (HS) yönünden metotlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Ortalama kalp atım sayısı (Ort.KAS), ortalama kalp atım sayısı yüzdesi (Ort.KAS (%)), algılanan zorluk derecesi (AZD) ve teknik parametreler yönünden metotlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak; TKEM ve farklı hızlarda KEM’nin yüksek olması amaçlandığında kombine metot uygulanabilir. YS ve teknik parametlerin çalışılması amaçlandığında ise aralıklı metot uygulanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• futbol
• küçük alan oyunları
• maksimal aerobik sürat
• futbolda dayanıklılık antrenmanı
• iç ve dış yük

The Effect Of Small Sided Games Applied With Different Methods In Fooball On Technical Performance Internal And External Loads

Öz

For this purpose, it demonstrates how 4v4 small-field games in football demonstrate their technical performance with combined, intermittent and continuous methods and internal and external load responses in perception. 14 football players (age: 17.57±0.51; male: 174.71±5.19 cm, body weight: 68.46 ±5.15 kg) participated in our study. Maximum heartbeat was reached with the Yo-Yo IR level 1 test and placed the clusters. A 30-15 interval fitness test was conducted for each user's personalized maximum aerobic speed estimation. After the tests, 18 training sessions were carried out by applying 3 different small-area play methods per week for 6 weeks. In each training, it determines the internal load and external load values of the athletes. For the analysis of technical parameters, the trainings were video recorded and the content was noted. However, the methods were not observed effectively in terms of the number of accelerations (p>0.05). Mean heart rate, mean heart rate percentage, perceived difficulty level and the effect of technical use were variables they found among the methods (p<0.05). As a result, when total covering distance and distance covered are aimed to be high at different speeds, the combined method can be applied. When it is aimed to study high speed and technical parameters, the intermittent method can be applied.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Football
• small sided games
• maximum aerobic speed
• endurance training in football
• internal load and external load

Kaynakça

1. Aguiar, M., Botelho, G., Penas, C.L., Sampaio, J A Review on the Effects of Soccer Small-Sided Games. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012;33(1):103-13
2. Aguiar, M., Botelho, G., Penas, C.L., Sampaio, J A Review on the Effects of Soccer Small-Sided Games. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012;33(1):103-13
3. Akyıldız Z., Akarçeşme C. Futbolda Antrenman Yükü Takibi ve Veri Analizi Yöntemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi. 2020;14(3),481-493.
4. Akyıldız Z., Akarçeşme C. Futbolda Antrenman Yükü Takibi ve Veri Analizi Yöntemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi. 2020;14(3),481-493.
5. Arslanoğlu C., Baynaz K., Acar K., Mor A., İpekoğlu G., Arslanoğlu E. Futbolcularda Bacak Kuvveti İle Aerobik Ve Anaerobik Kapasite İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;Cilt:20, Sayı: 1
6. Arslanoğlu C., Baynaz K., Acar K., Mor A., İpekoğlu G., Arslanoğlu E. Futbolcularda Bacak Kuvveti İle Aerobik Ve Anaerobik Kapasite İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;Cilt:20, Sayı: 1
7. Bangsbo J., Marcello F., Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine. 2008;38(1):37-51
8. Bangsbo J., Marcello F., Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine. 2008;38(1):37-51

9. Barnes, C., Archer, D.T., Hogg, B., Bush, M., Bradley, P.S. The Evolution of Physical and Technical Performance Parameters in the English Premier League. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;35(13)
10. Barnes, C., Archer, D.T., Hogg, B., Bush, M., Bradley, P.S. The Evolution of Physical and Technical Performance Parameters in the English Premier League. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;35(13)
11. Beato M., Drust B. Acceleration intensity is an important contributor to the external and internal training load demands of repeated sprint exercises in soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2020;29(4)
12. Beato M., Drust B. Acceleration intensity is an important contributor to the external and internal training load demands of repeated sprint exercises in soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2020;29(4)
13. Bishop D.J., Bravo F., Impellizzeri F.M., Rampinini E., Castagna C. International Journal of Sports Medicine 29(8). 2007
14. Bishop D.J., Bravo F., Impellizzeri F.M., Rampinini E., Castagna C. International Journal of Sports Medicine 29(8). 2007
15. Bradley P, Ade J.D. Are Current Physical Match Performance Metrics in Elite Soccer Fit for Purpose or Is the Adoption of an Integrated Approach Needed? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13(5). 2018
16. Bradley P, Ade J.D. Are Current Physical Match Performance Metrics in Elite Soccer Fit for Purpose or Is the Adoption of an Integrated Approach Needed? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13(5). 2018
17. Buchheit M., Laursen PB. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to the Programming Puzzle: Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular Load and Practical Applications. Sports Medicine. 2013 Oct;43(10):927-54
18. Buchheit M., Laursen PB. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to the Programming Puzzle: Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular Load and Practical Applications. Sports Medicine. 2013 Oct;43(10):927-54
19. Castillo D., Gonzalez J., Clemente F. M., Yanci J. The influence of youth soccer players’ sprint performance on the different sided games’ external load using GPS devices. Research in Sports Medicine. 2019;28(3)
20. Castillo D., Gonzalez J., Clemente F. M., Yanci J. The influence of youth soccer players’ sprint performance on the different sided games’ external load using GPS devices. Research in Sports Medicine. 2019;28(3)
21. Clemente F.M, Martins F.M.L., Mendes R.S. Periodization Based on Small‐Sided Soccer Games. Strength Conditioning Journal. 2014
22. Clemente F.M, Martins F.M.L., Mendes R.S. Periodization Based on Small‐Sided Soccer Games. Strength Conditioning Journal. 2014
23. Clemente, F.M. Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer Training: The Science and Practical Applications. 2016
24. Clemente, F.M. Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer Training: The Science and Practical Applications. 2016
25. Clemente, F.M, Sarmento, H. Combining small-sided soccer games and running-based methods. Biology of Sport, 2021;38(4):617-627.
26. Clemente, F.M, Sarmento, H. Combining small-sided soccer games and running-based methods. Biology of Sport, 2021;38(4):617-627.
27. Dellal A., Penas C.L., Wong D.P., Chamari K. Effect of the Number of Ball Contacts Within Bouts of 4 vs. 4 Small-Sided Soccer Games. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6(3):322-33. 2011
28. Dellal A., Penas C.L., Wong D.P., Chamari K. Effect of the Number of Ball Contacts Within Bouts of 4 vs. 4 Small-Sided Soccer Games. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6(3):322-33. 2011
29. Dost H., Hyballa P., Poel H.D. Soccer Functional Fitness Training. 2016.
30. Dost H., Hyballa P., Poel H.D. Soccer Functional Fitness Training. 2016.
31. George, D. ve Mallery, M. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. 2010.
32. George, D. ve Mallery, M. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. 2010.
33. Grgic J., Lazinica B., Pedisic Z. Test-retest Reliability of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT): A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020.
34. Grgic J., Lazinica B., Pedisic Z. Test-retest Reliability of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT): A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020.
35. Hill-Haas S.V., Dawson B., Impellizzeri F.M., Coutts A.J. Physiology of Small-Sided Games Training in Football A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine. 2011 Mar 1;41(3):199-220
36. Hill-Haas S.V., Dawson B., Impellizzeri F.M., Coutts A.J. Physiology of Small-Sided Games Training in Football A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine. 2011 Mar 1;41(3):199-220
37. Iaia F. M., Rampinini E., Bansgbo J. High-Intensity Training in Football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2009;4, 291-306
38. Iaia F. M., Rampinini E., Bansgbo J. High-Intensity Training in Football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2009;4, 291-306
39. Impellizzeri F. M., Marcora S. M., Castagna C., Reilly T. Physiological and Performance Effects of Generic versus Specific Aerobic Training in Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006;27(6):483-92.
40. Impellizzeri F. M., Marcora S. M., Castagna C., Reilly T. Physiological and Performance Effects of Generic versus Specific Aerobic Training in Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006;27(6):483-92.
41. Impellizzeri F. M., Marcora S., Coutts A.J. Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years On. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2019 Feb 1;14(2):270-273
42. Impellizzeri F. M., Marcora S., Coutts A.J. Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years On. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2019 Feb 1;14(2):270-273
43. Köklü, Y., Cihan, H., Alemdaroğlu, U., Dellal, A., Wong, D.P. Acute effects of small-sided games combined with running drills on internal and external loads in young soccer players. Biology of Sport. 2020;37(4).
44. Köklü, Y., Cihan, H., Alemdaroğlu, U., Dellal, A., Wong, D.P. Acute effects of small-sided games combined with running drills on internal and external loads in young soccer players. Biology of Sport. 2020;37(4).
45. Mohr M., Krustrup P. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2003; 21(7):519-28.
46. Mohr M., Krustrup P. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2003; 21(7):519-28.
47. Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F.M., Castagna, C., Abt, G., Chamari K., Sassi A. Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided games. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007;25(6):659-66.
48. Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F.M., Castagna, C., Abt, G., Chamari K., Sassi A. Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided games. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007;25(6):659-66.
49. Sarmento H., Clemente F.M., Harper L.D., Costa I.T., Owen A., Figueiredo A.J. Small sided games in soccer-a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2018, p-693-749
50. Sarmento H., Clemente F.M., Harper L.D., Costa I.T., Owen A., Figueiredo A.J. Small sided games in soccer-a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2018, p-693-749