Investigation of the Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Loading on Heart Rate Variability in Soccer Players

Öz

The aim of the study is to examine the change in heart rate variability (HRV) data before and after aerobic and anaerobic loading in football players and to compare the differences between the tests. The research was carried out with 24 male football players with an average age of 19.40±1.49 years. All statistical analyzes were made with the SPSS (version 22) program. In the analysis of the data, the normal distribution criteria were examined by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. T-test for normally distributed variables, Mann Whitney U test for non-normally distributed variables, non-normally distributed data; Wilcoxon test was used to compare within-group differences. alpha value of 0.05 is accepted. Astrand Rhyming Bicycle Ergometer Test was applied for aerobic loading and Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT) was applied for anaerobic loading. HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD) were examined for 5 minutes before and after the tests, and HR parameter just before and after the applications. In the comparison before and after WAnT, there was a significant difference in SDDN (t=3.53 z, p=.002), RMSSD (z=-4,000, p=.000), HRmean (t=-43.06, p=.000). In the comparison of the participants before and after the Astrand Test, it was determined that there was a significant difference in SDNN (z=-2.057, p=.040), RMSSD (z=-4.257, p=.000), HRmean (t= -29.31, p=.000) values. has been done. As a result of the comparison made according to the loading type, a significant difference was found only in the percentage change of the HRmean value (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that there was a decrease in SDNN and rMSSD, which are HRV parameters, before and after high-intensity anaerobic and aerobic loads. These results are an indication that short-term intense loads increase sympathetic activity on the heart.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerbic capacity
• anaerobic capacity
• heart rate variability

Futbolcularda Aerobik ve Anaerobik Yüklenmenin Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliğine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı futbolcularda aerobik ve anaerobik yüklenme öncesi ve sonrasında kalp atım hızı değişkenliği (KAHD) verilerindeki değişimi incelemek ve testler arası farkları karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırma yaşları ortalaması 19,40±1,49 yıl olan 24 erkek futbolcu ile yürütülmüştür. Tüm istatistiksel analizler SPSS (sürüm 22) programı ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Shapiro-Wilk testi kullanılarak normal dağılım ölçütlerine bakılmıştır. Normal dağılım gösteren değişkenler için t-testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen değişkenler için Mann Whitney U testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen verilerin; grup içi farklılıklarının karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon testi kullanıldı. alfa değeri 0,05 kabul edilmiştir. Aerobik yüklenme için Astrand Rhyming Bisklet Ergometre Testi ve anaerobik yüklenme için Wingate Anaerobik Güç Testi (WAnT) uygulanmıştır. Testlerin öncesi ve sonrasında 5 dakika süreyle KAHD parametreleri (SDNN, RMSSD) ve uygulamaların hemen öncesi ve sonrasında KAH parametresi incelenmiştir. WAnT öncesi ve sonrası karşılaştırmada SDDN (t=3.53 z, p=.002), RMSSD (z=-4.000, p=.000), KAHort (t=-43.06, p=.000) değerlerinde anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların Astrand Testi öncesi ve sonrası karşılaştırmasında SDNN (z=-2.057, p=.040), RMSSD (z=-4.257, p=.000), KAHort (t=-29.31, p=.000) değerlerinde anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüklenme türüne göre yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda sadece KAHort değerinin yüzdelik değişiminde anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, yüksek yoğunluklu anaerobik ve aerobik yüklenmelerin öncesi ve sonrasında KAHD parametrelerinden SDNN ve rMSSD’de düşüş olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar kısa süreli yoğun yüklenmelerin, kalp üzerinde sempatik aktiviteyi arttırdığının bir göstergesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerobik kapasite
• Anaerobik kapasite
• kalp atım hızı değişkenliği

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