Futbolda Sirkadiyen Ritmin Dinamik Denge ve Pas verme Performansı Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 87 - 99, 28.04.2020

M. Emin Yılmaz Ferda Hosgorler

Öz

Sirkadiyen ritimle ilişkili olarak insan vücudunda oluşan fizyolojik değişimler spor branşlarındaki bazı performans ölçümlerini etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada futbolda sirkadiyen ritmin, sporcuların dinamik denge düzeyleri ve pas verme performansları üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bodrum Belediyesi Bodrumspor Kulübü’nde oynayan, en az 5 yıllık deneyimi olan, 18-20 yaş arası, 32 gönüllü sporcu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Sporcuların öğleden önce saat 10.00 ve öğleden sonra 16.00’da vücut sıcaklıkları ölçüldükten sonra Y denge testi ve Loughborough pas isabeti ile pas süreleri kaydedildi. Vücut sıcaklığının öğleden sonra, öğleden önceye göre belirgin arttığı görüldü (p<0.0001). Öğleden önce, öğleden sonraya göre pas isabetinin arttığı ve pas süresinin kısaldığı (her iki değişken için de p<0.0001) saptandı. Dengenin iki farklı saatte değişim göstermediği görüldü (dominant ayak için p=0.65, nondominant ayak için p=0.29). Denge ile pas performansı ölçümleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Vücut sıcaklığı ile denge ölçümleri arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (dominant ayak için p=0.044, r=0.359; nondominant ayak için p=0.032, r=0.381). Vücut sıcaklığı öğleden sonraki saatlerde sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesindeki artışla paralel artmaktadır. Vücut sıcaklığı artışının dengeye olumlu etkisi saptanmıştır. Bu durum sempatik sinir sistemi etkinliği ve kaslara daha fazla oksijen sunulması ile ilişkili olabilir. Sporcuların erken saatlerde dikkat ve algılarının daha yüksek olması, pas performansının yükselmesinde etkili olabilir. Sonuçlarımız sabah saatlerindeki egzersizlerde pas performansının arttığını destekler ancak vücut sıcaklığı erken saatlerde düşük olduğu için denge performansı en iyi düzeyde değildir. Sabah egzersizlerinde antrenman yüklenme yöntemleri ile dengeyi artırmaya yönelik genel aktif ısınma egzersizleri önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sirkadiyen Ritim, Dinamik Denge, Loughborough Pas Testi

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Çalışmada emeği geçen Türkiye Futbol Antrenörleri Derneği İzmir Şubesi'nden Ramazan Deniz'e ve Bodrumspor Kulübü antrenörü Şahin Özyayla'ya teşekkür ederiz.

Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Dynamic Balance and Passing Performance in Football

Öz

Physiological changes occurring in the human body regarding the circadian rhythm may affect some performance measurements in sports branches. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm in football on dynamic balance levels and passing performance of sportsmen. The volunteer athletes (n:32) between the ages of 18 and 20, who have played in Bodrum Municipality Bodrumspor Club and have at least 5 years of experience, were included in the study. The body temperatures of the athletes were measured at 10.00 am and 16.00 pm, and then the pass times, Loughborough pass and Y balance test were recorded. Body temperature significantly increased in the afternoon compared to the morning time (p <0.0001). It was determined that the pass hits increased and the duration of the pass decreased (p<0.0001 for both variables) in the morning time compared to the afternoon. The balance did not change at two different hours (p=0.65 for the dominant foot, p=0.29 for the nondominant foot). There was no significant relationship between balance and passing performance measurements. A positive correlation was found between body temperature and balance measurements (p=0.044, r=0.359 for the dominant foot; p=0.032, r=0.381 for the nondominant foot). Body temperature increases in the afternoon parallelly to the increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. The positive effect was determined of the increase in body temperature on balance. This situation may associated with sympathetic nervous system activity and providing more oxygen to the muscles. The higher attention and perception of athletes in the early hours may be effective in increasing the balance performance. Our results support the increase of balance performance in morning exercises, but the balance performance is not the best since the body temperature is low in the early hours. In the morning exercises, general active warm-up exercises can be recommended to increase balance with training loading methods.

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